Introduction
Methods
Patient characteristics
Data collection
Statistical analysis
Results
Demographic and clinical characteristics
Demographic characteristics | N: 641 patients with HCC | ABO blood group type | ABO blood group type | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
O (N:219) | A (N:201) | B (N:148) | AB (N:73) | P value | A (N:201) | Non-A (N:440) | P value | ||
Age group | 0.65 | 0.54 | |||||||
• < 45 year | 211 (32.9%) | 69 (31.5%) | 65 (32.3%) | 54 (36.4%) | 23 (29.5%) | 65 (32.3%) | 146 (33.2%) | ||
• 45–65 year | 312 (48.7%) | 107 (48.9%) | 104 (51.7%) | 74 (50%) | 33 (42.3%) | 104 (51.7%) | 208 (47.3%) | ||
• > 65 year | 118 (18.4%) | 43 (19.6%) | 32 (16%) | 20 (13.6%) | 22 (28.2%) | 32 (16%) | 86 (19.7%) | ||
BMI (Kg/m2) | 22.7 ± 2.89 | 22.9 ± 2.19 | 23.25 ± 3.11 | 21.54 ± 2.58 | 23.8 ± 2.55 | 0.44 | 23.25 ± 3.11 | 22.51 ± 3.09 | 0.41 |
Median survival (IQR 1, 3) Month) | 32.5 (27.4, 37.6) | 33.4 (28.5,38) | 29.55 (24.7,34.3) | 32.5 (28.1, 36.9) | 32.8 (27.6, 37.8) | 0.68 | 29.55 (24.7,34.3) | 34.1 (29.4, 38.6) | 0.54 |
Sex | 0.88 | 0.75 | |||||||
• Male | 486 (75.8%) | 162 (74%) | 159 (79.1%) | 109 (73.6%) | 56 (76.7%) | 159 (79.1%) | 327 (74. 3%) | ||
• Female | 155 (24.2%) | 57 (26%) | 42 (20.1%) | 39 (26.4%) | 22 (23.3%) | 42 (20.1%) | 113 (25.7%) | ||
Smoking status | 0.11 | 0.28 | |||||||
• Yes | 277 (43.2%) | 99 (45.2%) | 90 (44.8%) | 60 (40.5%) | 28 (38.4%) | 90 (44.8%) | 187 (42.5%) | ||
• NO | 364 (56.8%) | 120 (54.8%) | 111 (55.2%) | 88 (59.5%) | 45 (61.6%) | 111 (55.2%) | 253 (57.5%) | ||
Family history of GC | 0.37 | 0.45 | |||||||
• Yes | 58 (9%) | 21 (9.6%) | 17 (8.5%) | 11 (7.4%) | 9 (12.3%) | 17 (8.5%) | 41 9.3%) | ||
• No | 583 (91%) | 198 (90.4%) | 184 (91.5%) | 137 (92.6%) | 64 (87.7%) | 184 (91.5%) | 399 (90.7%) | ||
Child–Pugh stage | 0.22 | 0.28 | |||||||
• A | 512 (79.9%) | 178 (81.3%) | 153 (76.1%) | 118 (79.7%) | 63 (86.4%) | 153 (76.1%) | 359 (81.6%) | ||
• B | 62 (9.7%) | 25 (11.4%) | 21 (10.5%) | 11 (7.4%) | 5 (6.8%) | 21 (10.5%) | 41 (9.3%) | ||
• Unknown & missing | 67 (10.4%) | 16 (7.3%) | 27 (13.4%) | 19 (12.9%) | 5 (6.8%) | 27 (13.4%) | 40 (9.1%) | ||
Tumor size (cm) | 0.16 | 0.19 | |||||||
• ≤ 5 | 317 (49.5%) | 105 (47.9%) | 93 (46.3%) | 71 (48%) | 43 (59%) | 93 (46.3%) | 224 (51%) | ||
• > 5 | 236 (36.8%) | 82 (37.4%) | 79 (39.3%) | 50 (33.8%) | 25 (34.2%) | 79 (39.3%) | 157 (35.7%) | ||
• Unknown & missing | 88 (13.7%) | 32 (14.7%) | 29 (14.4%) | 22 (18.2%) | 5 (6.8%) | 29 (14.4%) | 59 (13.3%) | ||
Metastasis | 0.088 | 0.11 | |||||||
• Yes | 328 (51.2%) | 104 (47.5%) | 100 (49.8%) | 79 (53.4%) | 43 (58.9%) | 100 (49.8%) | 228 (51.8%) | ||
• No | 110 (17.1%) | 40 (18.2%) | 36 (17.9%) | 31 (20.9%) | 5 (6.8%) | 36 (17.9%) | 74 16.8%) | ||
• Unknown & missing | 203 (31.7%) | 75 (34.3%) | 65 (32.3%) | 38 (25.7%) | 25 (34.3%) | 65 (32.3%) | 138 (31.4%) | ||
Involved Lymph node | 0.12 | 0.087 | |||||||
• < 2 | 325 (42.9%) | 105 (48%) | 86 (42.8%) | 59 (39.9%) | 25 (34.2%) | 86 (42.8%) | 239 (54.3%) | ||
• ≥ 2 | 166 (25.9%) | 49 (22.3%) | 54 (26.8%) | 39 (26.3%) | 24 (32.9%) | 54 (26.8%) | 112 (25.5%) | ||
• Unknown & missing | 200 (31.2%) | 65 (29.7%) | 61 (30.4%) | 50 (33.8%) | 24 (32.9%) | 61 (30.4%) | 89 (20.2%) | ||
Differentiation grade | 0.054 | 0.049 | |||||||
• Well | 114 (17.8%) | 40 (18.2%) | 30 (14.9%) | 34 (23%) | 10 (13.7%) | 30 (14.9%) | 84 (19.1%) | ||
• Moderate | 318 (49.6%) | 110 (50.2%) | 10 4 (51.7%) | 69 (46.6%) | 35 (47.9%) | 104 (51.7%) | 214 (48.6%) | ||
• Poor | 128 (20%) | 42 (19.2%) | 50 (24.9%) | 28 (18.9%) | 8 (11%) | 50 (24.9%) | 78 (17.79%) | ||
• Unknown & missing | 81 (12.6%) | 27 (12.4%) | 17 (8.5%) | 17 (11.5%) | 20 (27.4%) | 17 (8.5%) | 64 (14.6%) | ||
Serum AFP level | 0.095 | 0.068 | |||||||
• < 400 ng/ml | 338 (52.7%) | 111 (50.7%) | 99 (49.3%) | 80 (54.1%) | 43 (58.9%) | 99 (49.3%) | 239 (54.3%) | ||
• ≥ 400 ng/ml | 205 (32%) | 75 (34.2%) | 68 (33.8%) | 50 (33.8%) | 12 (16.4%) | 68 (33.8%) | 137 (31.1%) | ||
• Unknown & missing | 98 (15.3%) | 33 (15.1%) | 34 (16.9%) | 13 (12.1%) | 18 (24.7%) | 34 (16.9%) | 65 (14.6%) | ||
Cirrhosis | 0.11 | 0.098 | |||||||
• Yes | 258 (40.2%) | 90 (41.1%) | 85 (42.3%) | 67 (45.3%) | 16 (21.9%) | 85 (42.3%) | 173 9.3%) | ||
• No | 135 (21.1%) | 48 (21.9%) | 42 (20.9%) | 28 (18.9%) | 17 (23.3%) | 42 (20.9%) | 93 (21.1%) | ||
• Unknown & missing | 248 (38.7%) | 81 (37%) | 74 (36.8%) | 53 (35.8%) | 40 (54.8%) | 74 (36.8%) | 174 (39.6%) | ||
Hepatitis type | 0.084 | 0.14 | |||||||
• None | 135 (21.1%) | 42 (19.2%) | 42 (20.9%) | 32 (21.6%) | 19 (26.1%) | 42 (20.9%) | 93 (21.1%) | ||
• HBV | 314 (49%) | 96 (43.8%) | 101 (50.2%) | 76 (51.3%) | 41 (56.2%) | 101 (50.2%) | 213 (48.4%) | ||
• HCV | 119 (18.6%) | 50 (22.8%) | 38 (18.9%) | 28 (18.9%) | 3 (4.1%) | 38 (18.9%) | 81 (18.4%) | ||
• HBV + HCV | 17 (2.7%) | 5 (2.3%) | 3 (1.5%) | 2 (1.4%) | 7 (9.5%) | 3 (1.5%) | 14 (3.2%) | ||
• Unknown & missing | 56 (8.6%) | 26 (11.9%) | 17 (8.5%) | 10 (6.8%) | 3 (4.1%) | 17 (8.5%) | 39 (8.9%) | ||
RH | 0.58 | 0.66 | |||||||
• + | 570 (88.9%) | 197 (90%) | 176 (87.6%) | 132 (90.2%) | 65 (89%) | 176 (87.6%) | 394 (89.5%) | ||
• - | 71 (11.1%) | 22 (10%) | 25 (14.4%) | 16 (10.8%) | 8 (11%) | 25 (14.4%) | 46 (10.5%) |
Five-year survival rate
Univariate analysis
Demographic characteristics | Five-year survival rate | HR (95% CI) | P value |
---|---|---|---|
Age (year) | |||
• < 45 | 21.2% | Ref | - |
• 45–65 | 30.7% | 0.66 (0.59,0.73) | 0.001 |
• > 65 | 21.4% | 0.99 (0.55, 2.84) | 0.81 |
BMI (Kg/m2) | |||
• ≤ 18 | 18.4% | Ref | - |
• 18–25 | 29.8% | 0.71 (0.60,0.83) | 0.001 |
• > 25 | 23.2% | 0.96 (0.71, 1.15) | 0.087 |
Sex | 0.25 | ||
• Male | 24.9% | - | |
• Female | 26.9% | ||
Marital status | 0.54 | ||
• Unmarried | 27.2% | - | |
• Married | 25.2% | ||
Smoking status | 0.61 | ||
• Yes | 24.8% | - | |
• NO | 26.1% | ||
Education | |||
• Illiterate | 25.3% | - | 0.81 |
• < Diploma | 24.2% | ||
• > = Diploma | 26.1% | ||
Family history of GC | 0.12 | ||
• No | 27.2% | ||
• Yes | 25.2% | ||
Alcohol consumption | 0.44 | ||
• No | 26.6 | ||
• Yes | 24.8 | ||
• Unknown & missing | 25.4 | ||
Child–Pugh stage | 0.12 | ||
• A | 28.1 | - | |
• B | 24.7 | ||
• Unknown & missing | 26.2 | ||
Tumor size (cm) | |||
• ≤ 5 | 32.5% | Ref | - |
• > 5 | 18.9% | 1.73 (1.12,2.25) | 0.001 |
• Unknown & missing | 21.1% | 1.48 (0.99,2.11) | 0.074 |
Metastasis | |||
• No | 31.6% | Ref | - |
• Yes | 21.2% | 1.52 (1.11, 1.93) | 0.001 |
• Unknown & missing | 23.8% | 1.32 (1.06,1.6) | 0.004 |
Involved Lymph node | |||
• < 2 | 32.9% | Ref | - |
• ≥ 2 | 20.11% | 1.65 (1.16,2.17) | 0.001 |
• Unknown & missing | 24.6% | 1.31 (1.04,1.62) | 0.026 |
Differentiation grade | |||
• Well | 33.2% | Ref | - |
• Moderate | 24.3% | 1.36 (1.08,1.65) | 0.006 |
• Poor | 17.2% | 1.94 (1.44,2.46) | 0.0001 |
• Unknown & missing | 25.1% | 1.30 (1.01,1.62) | 0.043 |
Serum AFP level | |||
• < 400 ng/ml | 30.1% | Ref | - |
• ≥ 400 ng/ml | 20.4% | 1.51 (1.12, 1.93) | 0.0001 |
• Unknown & missing | 25.6% | 1.17 (0.96,1.43) | 0.098 |
Cirrhosis | 0.24 | ||
• Yes | 26.6% | - | |
• No | 24.7% | ||
• Unknown & missing | 25.3% | ||
ABO Blood Type | |||
• O | 31.1% | Ref | - |
• A | 12.9% | 2.41 (1.66,3.17) | 0.001 |
• B | 24.1% | 1.29 (1.02,1.56) | 0.045 |
• AB | 29.2% | 1.06 (0.86, 1.121) | 0.18 |
ABO Blood Type | 0.001 | ||
• Non-A | 29.7% | Ref | |
• A | 12.9% | 2.3 (1.46,3.15) | |
Hepatitis type | |||
• None | 28.3% | Ref | - |
• HBV | 20.14% | 1.41 (1.02,1.81) | 0.008 |
• HCV | 25.1% | 1.13 (0.97, 1.3) | 0.084 |
• HBV + HCV | 19.1% | 1.42 (0.98,1.89) | 0.092 |
• Unknown & missing | 22.4% | 1.25 (0.92, 1.59) | 0.11 |
Hepatitis type | 0.013 | ||
• Non-HBV | 26.3% | Ref | |
• HBV | 20.14% | 1.29 (1.04,1.55) | |
RH | - | 0.88 | |
• + | 25.8% | ||
• - | 25.3% |
Multivariate analysis
Demographic characteristics | HR Adju | 95% CI | P value |
---|---|---|---|
Age (< 45 vs > 45 year) | 1.39 | 1.05, 1.74 | < 0.001 |
BMI (Kg/m2) | |||
• ≤ 18 | 1.26 | 1.07,1.45 | < 0.001 |
• 18–25 | Ref | - | - |
• > 25 | 1.19 | 1.01, 1.37 | 0.017 |
Tumor size (≤ 5 vs > 5 cm) | 1.65 | 1.09, 2.22 | < 0.001 |
Metastasis ( Presence vs absence) | 1.50 | 1.10, 1.91 | 0.006 |
Involved Lymph node (≥ 2 Vs < 2) | 1.62 | 1.14,1.81 | < 0.001 |
Differentiation grade | |||
• Well | Ref | - | - |
• Moderate | 1.35 | 1.05,1.66 | 0.009 |
• Poor | 1.90 | 1.41,2.39 | < 0.0001 |
Serum AFP level (≥ 400 Vs < 400 ng/ml) | 1.49 | 1.09,1.9 | < 0.001 |
ABO Blood Type | |||
• O | Ref | - | - |
• A | 1.69 | 1.21,2.18 | < 0.001 |
• B | 1.19 | 0.98,1.41 | 0.11 |
• AB | 1.02 | 0.88, 1.17 | 0.25 |
ABO Blood Type (A Vs. Non A) | 1.65 | 1.15,2.16 | < 0.001 |