Skip to main content
Erschienen in: Community Mental Health Journal 2/2012

01.04.2012 | Brief Report

Effect of Depression on Recovery from PTSD

verfasst von: Ümit Tural, Emin Önder, Tamer Aker

Erschienen in: Community Mental Health Journal | Ausgabe 2/2012

Einloggen, um Zugang zu erhalten

Abstract

It has been suggested that the treatment strategy needs to be reviewed and changed if depression occurs in patients with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). We analyzed data extracted from the Marmara Epidemiological Survey (MES) which had examined 683 survivors at 3 years after a devastating earthquake. Fifty three cases (40.5%) out of the 131 cases with PTSD had also been diagnosed with MDD. Comorbid PTSD and MDD group has significantly lower rates of recovery from PTSD in comparison to PTSD without MDD (26.4% vs. 47.4% respectively). Rates of past psychiatric disorder and past traumatic experience were significantly more frequent among the comorbid group. Moreover, comorbidity of PTSD and MDD was clearly associated with greater psychological distress, more severe PTSD, and diminished perceived social support. Past psychiatric disorder, General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12) and Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Scale (MSPSS) total scores succeeded in predicting the comorbidity of PTSD and MDD significantly.
Literatur
Zurück zum Zitat Başoğlu, M., Kilic, C., Salcioglu, E., & Livanou, M. (2004). Prevalence of posttraumatic stress disorder and comorbid depression in earthquake survivors in Turkey: An epidemiological study. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 17, 133–141.PubMedCrossRef Başoğlu, M., Kilic, C., Salcioglu, E., & Livanou, M. (2004). Prevalence of posttraumatic stress disorder and comorbid depression in earthquake survivors in Turkey: An epidemiological study. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 17, 133–141.PubMedCrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Başoglu, M., Livanou, M., Crnobarić, C., Francisković, T., Suljić, E., Durić, D., et al. (2005). Psychiatric and cognitive effects of war in former yugoslavia: Association of lack of redress for trauma and posttraumatic stress reactions. Journal of the American Medical Association, 294, 580–590.PubMedCrossRef Başoglu, M., Livanou, M., Crnobarić, C., Francisković, T., Suljić, E., Durić, D., et al. (2005). Psychiatric and cognitive effects of war in former yugoslavia: Association of lack of redress for trauma and posttraumatic stress reactions. Journal of the American Medical Association, 294, 580–590.PubMedCrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Başoğlu, M., Şalıcıoğlu, E., Livanou, M., Ozeren, M., Aker, T., Kilic, C., et al. (2001). A study of the validity of a screening instrument for traumatic stress in earthquake survivors in Turkey. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 14, 491–509.PubMedCrossRef Başoğlu, M., Şalıcıoğlu, E., Livanou, M., Ozeren, M., Aker, T., Kilic, C., et al. (2001). A study of the validity of a screening instrument for traumatic stress in earthquake survivors in Turkey. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 14, 491–509.PubMedCrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Brady, K. T., Killeen, T. K., Brewerton, T., & Lucerini, S. (2000). Comorbidity of psychiatric disorders and posttraumatic stress disorder. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 61(Suppl 7), 22–32.PubMed Brady, K. T., Killeen, T. K., Brewerton, T., & Lucerini, S. (2000). Comorbidity of psychiatric disorders and posttraumatic stress disorder. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 61(Suppl 7), 22–32.PubMed
Zurück zum Zitat Breslau, N., & Davis, G. C. (1992). Posttraumatic stress disorder in an urban population of young adults: Risk factors for chronicity. American Journal of Psychiatry, 149, 671–675.PubMed Breslau, N., & Davis, G. C. (1992). Posttraumatic stress disorder in an urban population of young adults: Risk factors for chronicity. American Journal of Psychiatry, 149, 671–675.PubMed
Zurück zum Zitat Breslau, N., Davis, G. C., Andreski, P., & Peterson, E. (1991). Traumatic events and posttraumatic stress disorder in an urban population of young adults. Archives of General Psychiatry, 48, 216–222.PubMedCrossRef Breslau, N., Davis, G. C., Andreski, P., & Peterson, E. (1991). Traumatic events and posttraumatic stress disorder in an urban population of young adults. Archives of General Psychiatry, 48, 216–222.PubMedCrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Breslau, N., Davis, G. C., Peterson, E. L., & Schultz, L. (1997). Psychiatric sequelae of posttraumatic stress disorder in women. Archives of General Psychiatry, 54, 81–87.PubMedCrossRef Breslau, N., Davis, G. C., Peterson, E. L., & Schultz, L. (1997). Psychiatric sequelae of posttraumatic stress disorder in women. Archives of General Psychiatry, 54, 81–87.PubMedCrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Carlson, E. B., & Rosser-Hogan, R. (1991). Trauma experiences, posttraumatic stress, dissociation, and depression in Cambodian refugees. American Journal of Psychiatry, 148, 1548–1551.PubMed Carlson, E. B., & Rosser-Hogan, R. (1991). Trauma experiences, posttraumatic stress, dissociation, and depression in Cambodian refugees. American Journal of Psychiatry, 148, 1548–1551.PubMed
Zurück zum Zitat Eker, D., Arkar, H., & Yaldız, H. (2001). Çok Boyutlu Algılanan Sosyal Destek Ölçeği’nin Gözden Geçirilmiş Formunun Faktör Yapısı, Geçerlik ve Güvenirliği [Factorial Structure, Validity, and Reliability of Revised Form of the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support]. Turk Psikiyatri Dergisi, 12, 17–25. Eker, D., Arkar, H., & Yaldız, H. (2001). Çok Boyutlu Algılanan Sosyal Destek Ölçeği’nin Gözden Geçirilmiş Formunun Faktör Yapısı, Geçerlik ve Güvenirliği [Factorial Structure, Validity, and Reliability of Revised Form of the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support]. Turk Psikiyatri Dergisi, 12, 17–25.
Zurück zum Zitat Foa, E. B., Davidson, J. R. T., Frances, A., Culpepper, L., Ross, R., & Ross, D. (1999). The expert consensus guideline series. Treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 60(suppl 16), 5–76. Foa, E. B., Davidson, J. R. T., Frances, A., Culpepper, L., Ross, R., & Ross, D. (1999). The expert consensus guideline series. Treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 60(suppl 16), 5–76.
Zurück zum Zitat Goldberg, D. P., & Williams, P. (1988). A user’s guide to the general health questionnaire. Windsor (UK): NFR/Nelson Publishing Company. Goldberg, D. P., & Williams, P. (1988). A user’s guide to the general health questionnaire. Windsor (UK): NFR/Nelson Publishing Company.
Zurück zum Zitat Green, B. L., Grace, M., & Gleser, G. (1989). Multiple diagnoses in PTSD: The role of war stressors. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 177, 329–335.PubMedCrossRef Green, B. L., Grace, M., & Gleser, G. (1989). Multiple diagnoses in PTSD: The role of war stressors. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 177, 329–335.PubMedCrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Green, B. L., Krupnick, J. L., Chung, J., Siddique, J., Krause, E. D., Revicki, D., et al. (2006). Impact of PTSD comorbidity on one year outcomes in a depression trial. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 62, 815–835.PubMedCrossRef Green, B. L., Krupnick, J. L., Chung, J., Siddique, J., Krause, E. D., Revicki, D., et al. (2006). Impact of PTSD comorbidity on one year outcomes in a depression trial. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 62, 815–835.PubMedCrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Green, M. M., McFarlane, A. C., Hunter, C. E., & Griggs, W. M. (1993). Undiagnosed post traumatic stress disorder following motor vehicle accidents. Medical Journal of Australia, 159, 529–534.PubMed Green, M. M., McFarlane, A. C., Hunter, C. E., & Griggs, W. M. (1993). Undiagnosed post traumatic stress disorder following motor vehicle accidents. Medical Journal of Australia, 159, 529–534.PubMed
Zurück zum Zitat Hauff, E., & Vaglum, P. (1994). Chronic posttraumatic stress disorder in Vietnamese refugees. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 182, 85–90.PubMedCrossRef Hauff, E., & Vaglum, P. (1994). Chronic posttraumatic stress disorder in Vietnamese refugees. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 182, 85–90.PubMedCrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Helzer, J. E., Robins, L. N., & McEvoy, L. (1987). Post-traumatic stress disorder in the general population. Findings of the epidemiologic catchment area survey. New England Journal of Medicine, 317, 1630–1634.PubMedCrossRef Helzer, J. E., Robins, L. N., & McEvoy, L. (1987). Post-traumatic stress disorder in the general population. Findings of the epidemiologic catchment area survey. New England Journal of Medicine, 317, 1630–1634.PubMedCrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Hisli, N. (1989). A study on validity of Beck depression inventory. Psikoloji Dergisi, 6, 118–122. (Turkish). Hisli, N. (1989). A study on validity of Beck depression inventory. Psikoloji Dergisi, 6, 118–122. (Turkish).
Zurück zum Zitat Kessler, R. C., Sonnega, A., Bromet, E., Hughes, M., & Nelson, C. B. (1995). Posttraumatic stress disorder in the National Comorbidity Survey. Archives of General Psychiatry, 52, 1048–1060.PubMedCrossRef Kessler, R. C., Sonnega, A., Bromet, E., Hughes, M., & Nelson, C. B. (1995). Posttraumatic stress disorder in the National Comorbidity Survey. Archives of General Psychiatry, 52, 1048–1060.PubMedCrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Kılıç, C. (1996). General health questionnaire: the study of reliability and validity. Turk Psikiyatri Dergisi, 7, 3–9. Kılıç, C. (1996). General health questionnaire: the study of reliability and validity. Turk Psikiyatri Dergisi, 7, 3–9.
Zurück zum Zitat Kılıç, C., & Göğüş, A. (1997). Composite International Diagnostic Interview: CIDI (Turkish version). Ankara: Nurol Press. (Turkish). Kılıç, C., & Göğüş, A. (1997). Composite International Diagnostic Interview: CIDI (Turkish version). Ankara: Nurol Press. (Turkish).
Zurück zum Zitat Kılıç, C., & Ulusoy, M. (2003). Psychological effects of the November 1999 earthquake in Turkey: An epidemiological study. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 108, 232–238.PubMedCrossRef Kılıç, C., & Ulusoy, M. (2003). Psychological effects of the November 1999 earthquake in Turkey: An epidemiological study. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 108, 232–238.PubMedCrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Kroll, J., Habenicht, M., Mackenzie, T., Yang, M., Chan, S., Vang, T., et al. (1989). Depression and posttraumatic stress disorder in Southeast Asian refugees. American Journal of Psychiatry, 146, 1592–1597.PubMed Kroll, J., Habenicht, M., Mackenzie, T., Yang, M., Chan, S., Vang, T., et al. (1989). Depression and posttraumatic stress disorder in Southeast Asian refugees. American Journal of Psychiatry, 146, 1592–1597.PubMed
Zurück zum Zitat Maes, M., Delmeire, L., Mylle, J., & Altamura, C. (2001). Risk and preventive factors of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD): Alcohol consumption and intoxication prior to a traumatic event diminishes the relative risk to develop PTSD in response to that trauma. Journal of Affective Disorders, 63, 113–121.PubMedCrossRef Maes, M., Delmeire, L., Mylle, J., & Altamura, C. (2001). Risk and preventive factors of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD): Alcohol consumption and intoxication prior to a traumatic event diminishes the relative risk to develop PTSD in response to that trauma. Journal of Affective Disorders, 63, 113–121.PubMedCrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat McFarlane, A. C., & Papay, P. (1992). Multiple diagnoses in posttraumatic stress disorder in the victims of a natural disaster. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 180, 498–504.PubMedCrossRef McFarlane, A. C., & Papay, P. (1992). Multiple diagnoses in posttraumatic stress disorder in the victims of a natural disaster. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 180, 498–504.PubMedCrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Mollica, R. F., McInnes, K., Sarajlic, N., Lavelle, J., Sarajlic, I., & Massagli, M. P. (1999). Disability associated with psychiatric comorbidity and health status in Bosnaian refugees living in Croatia. Journal of the American Medical Association, 282, 433–439.PubMedCrossRef Mollica, R. F., McInnes, K., Sarajlic, N., Lavelle, J., Sarajlic, I., & Massagli, M. P. (1999). Disability associated with psychiatric comorbidity and health status in Bosnaian refugees living in Croatia. Journal of the American Medical Association, 282, 433–439.PubMedCrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Momartin, S., Silove, D., Manicavasagar, V., & Steel, Z. (2004a). Complicated grief in Bosnian refugees associations with posttraumatic stress disorder and depression. Comprehensive Psychiatry, 45, 475–482.PubMedCrossRef Momartin, S., Silove, D., Manicavasagar, V., & Steel, Z. (2004a). Complicated grief in Bosnian refugees associations with posttraumatic stress disorder and depression. Comprehensive Psychiatry, 45, 475–482.PubMedCrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Momartin, S., Silove, D., Manicavasagar, V., & Steel, Z. (2004b). Comorbidity of PTSD and depression: Associations with trauma exposure, symptom severity and functional impairment in Bosnian refugees resettled in Australia. Journal of Affective Disorders, 80, 231–238.PubMedCrossRef Momartin, S., Silove, D., Manicavasagar, V., & Steel, Z. (2004b). Comorbidity of PTSD and depression: Associations with trauma exposure, symptom severity and functional impairment in Bosnian refugees resettled in Australia. Journal of Affective Disorders, 80, 231–238.PubMedCrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Önder, E., Tural, Ü., Aker, T., Kılıç, C., & Erdoğan, S. (2006). Prevalence of psychiatric disorders three years after the 1999 earthquake in Turkey: Marmara Earthquake Survey (MES). Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, 41, 868–874.PubMedCrossRef Önder, E., Tural, Ü., Aker, T., Kılıç, C., & Erdoğan, S. (2006). Prevalence of psychiatric disorders three years after the 1999 earthquake in Turkey: Marmara Earthquake Survey (MES). Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, 41, 868–874.PubMedCrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Oquendo, M., Brent, D. A., Birmaher, B., Greenhill, L., Kolko, D., Stanley, B., et al. (2005). Posttraumatic stress disorder comorbid with major depression: Factors mediating the association with suicidal behavior. American Journal of Psychiatry, 62, 560–566.CrossRef Oquendo, M., Brent, D. A., Birmaher, B., Greenhill, L., Kolko, D., Stanley, B., et al. (2005). Posttraumatic stress disorder comorbid with major depression: Factors mediating the association with suicidal behavior. American Journal of Psychiatry, 62, 560–566.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Oquendo, M. A., Friend, J. M., Halberstram, B., Brodsky, B. S., Burke, A. K., Grunebaum, M. F., et al. (2003). Association of comorbid posttraumatic stress disorder and major depression with greater risk for suicidality. American Journal of Psychiatry, 160, 580–583.PubMedCrossRef Oquendo, M. A., Friend, J. M., Halberstram, B., Brodsky, B. S., Burke, A. K., Grunebaum, M. F., et al. (2003). Association of comorbid posttraumatic stress disorder and major depression with greater risk for suicidality. American Journal of Psychiatry, 160, 580–583.PubMedCrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Peters, L., Andrews, G., Cottler, L. B., Chatterjı, S., Janca, A., & Smeets, R. (1996). The composite international diagnostic interview post-traumatic stress disorder module: Preliminary data. International Journal of Methods in Psychiatric Research, 6, 167–174.CrossRef Peters, L., Andrews, G., Cottler, L. B., Chatterjı, S., Janca, A., & Smeets, R. (1996). The composite international diagnostic interview post-traumatic stress disorder module: Preliminary data. International Journal of Methods in Psychiatric Research, 6, 167–174.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Prigerson, H. G., Bierhals, A. J., Kasl, S. V., Reynolds, C. F., III, Shear, M. K., Day, N., et al. (1997). Traumatic grief as a risk factor for mental and physical morbidity. American Journal of Psychiatry, 154, 616–623.PubMed Prigerson, H. G., Bierhals, A. J., Kasl, S. V., Reynolds, C. F., III, Shear, M. K., Day, N., et al. (1997). Traumatic grief as a risk factor for mental and physical morbidity. American Journal of Psychiatry, 154, 616–623.PubMed
Zurück zum Zitat Salcioglu, E., Basoglu, M., & Livanou, M. (2007). Post-traumatic stress disorder and comorbid depression among survivors of the 1999 earthquake in Turkey. Disasters, 31, 115–129.PubMedCrossRef Salcioglu, E., Basoglu, M., & Livanou, M. (2007). Post-traumatic stress disorder and comorbid depression among survivors of the 1999 earthquake in Turkey. Disasters, 31, 115–129.PubMedCrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Shalev, A. Y., Freedman, S., Peri, T., Brandes, D., Sahar, T., Orr, S. P., et al. (1998). Prospective study of posttraumatic stress disorder and depression following trauma. American Journal of Psychiatry, 155, 630–637.PubMed Shalev, A. Y., Freedman, S., Peri, T., Brandes, D., Sahar, T., Orr, S. P., et al. (1998). Prospective study of posttraumatic stress disorder and depression following trauma. American Journal of Psychiatry, 155, 630–637.PubMed
Zurück zum Zitat The World Health Organization (WHO). (1992). The ICD–10 classification of mental and behavioural disorders. Clinical descriptions and diagnostic guidelines. Geneva: WHO. The World Health Organization (WHO). (1992). The ICD–10 classification of mental and behavioural disorders. Clinical descriptions and diagnostic guidelines. Geneva: WHO.
Zurück zum Zitat Tural, Ü., Aybar Tolun, H. G., Karakaya, I., Erol, A., Yıldız, M., & Erdoğan, S. (2001). Marmara depremzedelerinde travma sonrası stres bozukluğuna eşlik eden başka bir ruhsal hastalık gelişiminin yordayıcıları (Predictors of current comorbid psychiatric disorders with posttraumatic stress disorder in earthquake survivors). Turk Psikiyatri Dergisi, 12, 175–183. Tural, Ü., Aybar Tolun, H. G., Karakaya, I., Erol, A., Yıldız, M., & Erdoğan, S. (2001). Marmara depremzedelerinde travma sonrası stres bozukluğuna eşlik eden başka bir ruhsal hastalık gelişiminin yordayıcıları (Predictors of current comorbid psychiatric disorders with posttraumatic stress disorder in earthquake survivors). Turk Psikiyatri Dergisi, 12, 175–183.
Zurück zum Zitat Westermeyer, J., Vang, T. F., & Neider, J. (1983). Refugees who do and do not seek psychiatric care: an analysis of premigration and postmigration characteristics. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 171, 86–91.PubMedCrossRef Westermeyer, J., Vang, T. F., & Neider, J. (1983). Refugees who do and do not seek psychiatric care: an analysis of premigration and postmigration characteristics. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 171, 86–91.PubMedCrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Zimet, G. D., Dahlem, N. W., Zimet, S. G., & Farley, G. K. (1988). The multidimensional scale of perceived social support. Journal of Personality Assessment, 52, 30–41.CrossRef Zimet, G. D., Dahlem, N. W., Zimet, S. G., & Farley, G. K. (1988). The multidimensional scale of perceived social support. Journal of Personality Assessment, 52, 30–41.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Zlotnick, C., Warshaw, M., Shea, M. T., Allsworth, J., Pearlstein, T., & Keller, M. B. (1999). Chronicity in PTSD and predictors of course of comorbid PTSD in patients with anxiety disorders. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 12, 89–100.PubMedCrossRef Zlotnick, C., Warshaw, M., Shea, M. T., Allsworth, J., Pearlstein, T., & Keller, M. B. (1999). Chronicity in PTSD and predictors of course of comorbid PTSD in patients with anxiety disorders. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 12, 89–100.PubMedCrossRef
Metadaten
Titel
Effect of Depression on Recovery from PTSD
verfasst von
Ümit Tural
Emin Önder
Tamer Aker
Publikationsdatum
01.04.2012
Verlag
Springer US
Erschienen in
Community Mental Health Journal / Ausgabe 2/2012
Print ISSN: 0010-3853
Elektronische ISSN: 1573-2789
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10597-010-9359-4

Weitere Artikel der Ausgabe 2/2012

Community Mental Health Journal 2/2012 Zur Ausgabe

Demenzkranke durch Antipsychotika vielfach gefährdet

23.04.2024 Demenz Nachrichten

Wenn Demenzkranke aufgrund von Symptomen wie Agitation oder Aggressivität mit Antipsychotika behandelt werden, sind damit offenbar noch mehr Risiken verbunden als bislang angenommen.

Weniger postpartale Depressionen nach Esketamin-Einmalgabe

Bislang gibt es kein Medikament zur Prävention von Wochenbettdepressionen. Das Injektionsanästhetikum Esketamin könnte womöglich diese Lücke füllen.

„Psychotherapie ist auch bei sehr alten Menschen hochwirksam!“

22.04.2024 DGIM 2024 Kongressbericht

Die Kombination aus Medikamenten und Psychotherapie gilt als effektivster Ansatz bei Depressionen. Das ist bei betagten Menschen nicht anders, trotz Besonderheiten.

Auf diese Krankheiten bei Geflüchteten sollten Sie vorbereitet sein

22.04.2024 DGIM 2024 Nachrichten

Um Menschen nach der Flucht aus einem Krisengebiet bestmöglich medizinisch betreuen zu können, ist es gut zu wissen, welche Erkrankungen im jeweiligen Herkunftsland häufig sind. Dabei hilft eine Internetseite der CDC (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention).

Update Psychiatrie

Bestellen Sie unseren Fach-Newsletter und bleiben Sie gut informiert.