Introduction
Materials and methods
Anesthesia methods
Observation indicators
Statistical analysis
Results
GEA(n = 117) | PNB(n = 145) | Statistical values | P value | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Age(years) | 62.93 ± 11.81 | 64.98 ± 13.10 | t=-1.315 | 0.190 |
Gender | \(\chi 2\)=2.509 | 0.113 | ||
Male | 82(70.1%) | 88(60.7%) | ||
Female | 35(29.9%) | 57(39.3%) | ||
Type of diabetes | 0.412 | |||
Type 1 diabetes | 4(3.4%) | 2(1.4%) | ||
Type 2 diabetes | 113(96.6%) | 143(98.6%) | ||
Smoking | 39(33.3%) | 48(33.1%) | \(\chi 2\)=0.002 | 0.969 |
Body Mass Index(kg/m2) | 23.23 ± 2.55 | 23.35 ± 2.64 | t=-0.393 | 0.694 |
CCI [M(P25,P75)] | 2.60(2.00,4.97) | 3.00(2.00,5.00) | Z=-1.663 | 0.960 |
DHP | 30(15,64) | 30(14,62.5) | Z=-0.305 | 0.760 |
Wagner | \(\chi 2\)=6.402 | 0.094 | ||
2 | 0(0.0%) | 7(4.8%) | ||
3 | 64(54.7%) | 74(51.0%) | ||
4 | 51(43.6%) | 63(43.4%) | ||
5 | 2(1.7%) | 1(0.7%) | ||
ASA classification | \(\chi 2\)=2.895 | 0.235 | ||
II | 26(22.2%) | 37(25.5%) | ||
III | 84(71.8%) | 105(72.4%) | ||
IV | 7(6.0%) | 3(2.1%) |
Pre-operative situation
Pre- and post-operative lab data difference | GEA(n = 92) | PNB(n = 108) | Statistical values | P value |
---|---|---|---|---|
PT | -0.3(-1.55,0.12) | -0.05(-0.68,1.03) | Z=-1.911 | 0.056 |
INR | -0.04(-0.15,0.02) | -0.01(-0.04,0.06) | Z=-1.856 | 0.089 |
APTT | -1.60(-2.80,1.15) | -0.10(-2.75,2.65) | Z=-0.904 | 0.366 |
FDP | 0.95(0.31,2.11) | 0.51(-0.39,1.08) | Z=-1.916 | 0.055 |
TT | 0(-1.80,1.00) | -0.10(-1.35,0.58) | Z=-0.052 | 0.959 |
ALT | 3(-1,6.5) | 3(-1.95,4) | Z=-2.084 | 0.063 |
AST | 2.98 ± 17.15 | -0.03 ± 14.26 | t = 1.530 | 0.127 |
TB | -0.2(-1.45,1.5) | -0.1(-1.55,1.4) | Z=-0.388 | 0.698 |
Albumin | 0.4(-2.5,2.75) | 0.6(-2.15,2.4) | Z=-0.322 | 0.748 |
Cr | 0(-5.9,13) | 0.1(-7.8,15.45) | Z=-1.579 | 0.114 |
CKMB | 0(-3,2) | -0.1(-3,3.05) | Z=-0.118 | 0.906 |
WBC | 0.92 ± 3.27 | 0.87 ± 2.98 | t = 0.105 | 0.916 |
RBC | 0.06(-0.22,0.27) | 0.07(-0.11,0.315) | Z=-0.679 | 0.497 |
Hb | 2(-5.5,7.5) | 2(-3,8) | Z=-0.495 | 0.620 |
HCT | 0.003(-0.023,0.019) | 0.006(-0.010,0.024) | Z=-0.762 | 0.446 |
Plt, n (%) | 12(-30,71) | 16(-17,46.5) | Z=-0.752 | 0.452 |
Hemodynamic variables and heart rate
Indicators | Group | Pre-induction | T1 | T2 | T3 | T4 | T5 | T6 | End | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
MBP (mmHg) | GEA (n = 145) | 100.62 ± 14.81 | 89.19 ± 13.77∗ | 88.26 ± 12.61∗ | 82.31 ± 11.14∗#△◇ | 80.25 ± 11.57∗#△◇ | 87.34 ± 12.53∗○□◇ | 89.07 ± 12.57∗○□ | 91.45 ± 13.60∗ | ||||||
PNB (n = 117) | 99.09 ± 11.50 | 97.07 ± 12.23 | 96.85 ± 11.16 | 97.05 ± 11.10 | 97.14 ± 10.88 | 97.07 ± 11.26 | 96.89 ± 10.75 | 97.07 ± 11.29 | |||||||
t | 1.023 | -5.558 | -5.755 | -9.861 | -11.302 | -6.507 | -5.234 | -3.760 | |||||||
P value | 0.307 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | |||||||
Between groups | F = 45.19, P < 0.001 | ||||||||||||||
Different points in time | F = 74.71, P < 0.001 | ||||||||||||||
Between groups • different time points | F = 51.86, P < 0.001 | ||||||||||||||
HR (times/min) | GEA (n = 145) | 79.98 ± 13.04 | 74.52 ± 12.56∗ | 72.63 ± 12.74∗ | 71.91 ± 12.77∗ | 70.05 ± 12.73∗# | 72.36 ± 12.51∗ | 71.75 ± 12.56∗ | 72.95 ± 13.54∗ | ||||||
PNB (n = 117) | 80.76 ± 10.35 | 79.60 ± 11.55 | 78.39 ± 11.84 | 79.09 ± 11.83 | 79.28 ± 11.78 | 79.84 ± 12.31 | 80.41 ± 11.92 | 79.06 ± 11.79 | |||||||
t | -0.512 | -3.349 | -3.795 | -4.738 | -6.083 | -4.934 | -5.707 | -4.032 | |||||||
P value | 0.609 | 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | |||||||
Between groups | F = 20.60, P < 0.001 | ||||||||||||||
Different points in time | F = 27.74, P < 0.001 | ||||||||||||||
Between groups • different time points | F = 15.92, P < 0.001 |
GEA(n = 117) | PNB(n = 145) | Statistical values | P value | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Preparation time, min | 15(10,20) | 30(20,35) | Z =-7.664 | 0.000 |
Operation time, min | 50(30,69.25) | 60(45,80) | Z =-4.207 | 0.000 |
Duration of Anesthesia, min | 100(80,115) | 100(79,110) | Z =-0.019 | 0.985 |
Total fluid input, ml | 1100(1000,1200) | 1100(600,1100) | Z =-4.813 | 0.000 |
Intraoperative blood loss, ml | 50(50,100) | 50(30,60) | Z =-3.142 | 0.002 |
Perioperative blood transfusion, ml | 0(0,0) | 0(0,0) | Z =-2.189 | 0.029 |
Significant hypotension (n, %) | 16(13.7%) | 3(2.1%) | \(\chi 2\)=12.968 | 0.000 |
Pain management
GEA(n = 117) | PNB(n = 145) | Statistical values | P value | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Dezocine | 14(12%) | 6(4.1%) | \(\chi 2\)=5.627 | 0.018 |
Re-operation | 106(90.6%) | 130(89.7%) | \(\chi 2\)=0.064 | 0.800 |
Amputation | 62(53.0%) | 73(50.3%) | \(\chi 2\)=0.182 | 0.670 |
Hospitalization time, d | 44(33,55.5) | 45(29,60) | Z =-0.246 | 0.806 |
Treatment results | \(\chi 2\)=2.949 | 0.481 | ||
Significant effect | 68(58.1%) | 83(57.2%) | ||
Effective | 30(25.6%) | 47(32.4%) | ||
Ineffective | 14(12.0%) | 12(8.3%) | ||
Death | 5(4.3%) | 3(2.1%) |
Prognosis
GEA (n = 117) | PNB (n = 145) | Statistical values | P value | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Pneumonia | 11(9.4%) | 3(2.1%) | \(\chi 2\)=6.883 | 0.009 |
Nausea/vomiting | 6(5.1%) | 1(0.7%) | 0.024 | |
Urinary retention | 3(2.6%) | 1(0.7%) | 0.327 | |
The total incidence of adverse reactions | 20(17.1%) | 5(3.4%) | \(\chi 2\)=13.969 | 0.000 |