Skip to main content
Erschienen in: Herzschrittmachertherapie + Elektrophysiologie 2/2014

01.06.2014 | Schwerpunkt

Elektrischer Sturm in der Notaufnahme: Klinische Pfade

verfasst von: Dr. Anja Schade, Karin Nentwich, Patrick Müller, Joachim Krug, Sebastian Kerber, Thomas Deneke

Erschienen in: Herzschrittmachertherapie + Elektrophysiologie | Ausgabe 2/2014

Einloggen, um Zugang zu erhalten

Zusammenfassung

Patienten mit einer strukturellen Herzerkrankung, die einen elektrischen Sturm erleiden, weisen besonders in den ersten 3 Monaten eine stark erhöhte rhythmogene und nichtrhythmogene Mortalität auf. Nach notfallmäßiger Terminierung der ventrikulären Arrhythmie müssen, abhängig vom Ergebnis einer Analyse der zugrunde liegenden Art und Ursache der Arrhythmie, verschiedene Therapiepfade eingeschlagen werden, um eine dauerhafte Rhythmusstabilisierung zu erreichen. Eckpfeiler der Therapie sind Triggerausschaltung, Sympathikusblockade (initial mittels β-Blocker und Sedierung), antiarrhythmische Therapie mit Amiodaron und Katheterablation, aber auch eine Behandlung der Herzinsuffizienz bzw. kreislaufunterstützende Maßnahmen. Der dargestellte Algorithmus kann helfen, auch invasive Maßnahmen, wie invasive Koronardiagnostik, Katheterablation oder invasive Kreislaufunterstützung rechtzeitig in die Therapiestrategie zu integrieren. Durch ein strukturiertes Vorgehen bei der Behandlung von Patienten mit elektrischem Sturm kann eine hohe Effektivität der Akuttherapie erreicht werden. Ob dies auch zu einer Verbesserung des Outcomes führt, muss im Weiteren evaluiert werden.
Literatur
1.
Zurück zum Zitat Carbucicchio C, Santamaria M, Trevisi N, Maccabelli G, Giraldi F, Fassini G, Riva S, Moltrasio M, Cireddu M, Veglia F, Della Bella P (2008) Catheter ablation for the treatment of electrical storm in patients with implantable cardioverterdefibrillators. Circulation 117:462–469PubMedCrossRef Carbucicchio C, Santamaria M, Trevisi N, Maccabelli G, Giraldi F, Fassini G, Riva S, Moltrasio M, Cireddu M, Veglia F, Della Bella P (2008) Catheter ablation for the treatment of electrical storm in patients with implantable cardioverterdefibrillators. Circulation 117:462–469PubMedCrossRef
2.
Zurück zum Zitat Gatzoulis KA, Andrikopoulos GK, Apostolopoulos T, Sotiropoulos E, Zervopoulos G, Antoniou J, Brili S, Stefanadis CI (2005) Electrical storm is an independent predictor of adverse long-term outcome in the era of implantable defibrillator therapy. Europace 7:184–192PubMedCrossRef Gatzoulis KA, Andrikopoulos GK, Apostolopoulos T, Sotiropoulos E, Zervopoulos G, Antoniou J, Brili S, Stefanadis CI (2005) Electrical storm is an independent predictor of adverse long-term outcome in the era of implantable defibrillator therapy. Europace 7:184–192PubMedCrossRef
3.
Zurück zum Zitat Exner DV, Pinski SL, Wyse DG, Renfroe EG, Follmann D, Gold M, Beckman KJ, Coromilas J, Lancaster S, Hallstrom AP; AVID Investigators, Antiarrhythmics Versus Implantable Defibrillators (2001) Electrical storm presages nonsudden death: the antiarrhythmics versus implantable defibrillators (AVID) trial. Circulation 103:2066–2071PubMedCrossRef Exner DV, Pinski SL, Wyse DG, Renfroe EG, Follmann D, Gold M, Beckman KJ, Coromilas J, Lancaster S, Hallstrom AP; AVID Investigators, Antiarrhythmics Versus Implantable Defibrillators (2001) Electrical storm presages nonsudden death: the antiarrhythmics versus implantable defibrillators (AVID) trial. Circulation 103:2066–2071PubMedCrossRef
4.
Zurück zum Zitat Sesselberg HW, Moss AJ, McNitt S, Zareba W, Daubert JP, Andrews ML, Hall WJ, McClinitic B, Huang DT, MADIT-II Research Group (2007) Ventricular arrhythmia storms in postinfarction patients with implantable defibrillators for primary prevention indications: a MADIT-II substudy. Heart Rhythm 4:1395–1402PubMedCrossRef Sesselberg HW, Moss AJ, McNitt S, Zareba W, Daubert JP, Andrews ML, Hall WJ, McClinitic B, Huang DT, MADIT-II Research Group (2007) Ventricular arrhythmia storms in postinfarction patients with implantable defibrillators for primary prevention indications: a MADIT-II substudy. Heart Rhythm 4:1395–1402PubMedCrossRef
5.
Zurück zum Zitat Guerra F, Shkoza M, Scappini L, Flori M, Capucci A (2014) Role of electrical storm as a mortality and morbidity risk factor and its clinical predictors: a meta-analysis. Europace 16:347–353PubMedCrossRef Guerra F, Shkoza M, Scappini L, Flori M, Capucci A (2014) Role of electrical storm as a mortality and morbidity risk factor and its clinical predictors: a meta-analysis. Europace 16:347–353PubMedCrossRef
6.
Zurück zum Zitat Joglar JA, Kessler DJ, Welch PJ, Keffer JH, Jessen ME, Hamdan MH, Page RL (1999) Effects of repeated electrical defibrillations on cardiac troponin I levels. Am J Cardiol 83:270–272PubMedCrossRef Joglar JA, Kessler DJ, Welch PJ, Keffer JH, Jessen ME, Hamdan MH, Page RL (1999) Effects of repeated electrical defibrillations on cardiac troponin I levels. Am J Cardiol 83:270–272PubMedCrossRef
7.
Zurück zum Zitat Hurst TM, Hinrichs M, Breidenbach C, Katz N, Waldecker B (1999) Detection of myocardial injury during transvenous implantation of automatic cardioverter-defibrillators. J Am Coll Cardiol 34:402–408PubMedCrossRef Hurst TM, Hinrichs M, Breidenbach C, Katz N, Waldecker B (1999) Detection of myocardial injury during transvenous implantation of automatic cardioverter-defibrillators. J Am Coll Cardiol 34:402–408PubMedCrossRef
8.
Zurück zum Zitat Xie J, Weil MH, Sun S, Tang W, Sato Y, Jin X, Bisera J (1997) High-energy defibrillation increases the severity of postresuscitation myocardial dysfunction. Circulation 96:683–688PubMedCrossRef Xie J, Weil MH, Sun S, Tang W, Sato Y, Jin X, Bisera J (1997) High-energy defibrillation increases the severity of postresuscitation myocardial dysfunction. Circulation 96:683–688PubMedCrossRef
9.
Zurück zum Zitat Runsiö M, Bergfeldt L, Brodin LA, Ribeiro A, Samuelsson S, Rosenqvist M (1997) Left ventricular function after repeated episodes of ventricular fibrillation and defibrillation assessed by transoesophageal echocardiography. Eur Heart J 18:124–131PubMedCrossRef Runsiö M, Bergfeldt L, Brodin LA, Ribeiro A, Samuelsson S, Rosenqvist M (1997) Left ventricular function after repeated episodes of ventricular fibrillation and defibrillation assessed by transoesophageal echocardiography. Eur Heart J 18:124–131PubMedCrossRef
10.
Zurück zum Zitat Zaugg CE, Wu ST, Barbosa V, Buser PT, Wikman-Coffelt J, Parmley WW, Lee RJ (1998) Ventricular fibrillation-induced intracellular Ca2 + overload causes failed electrical defibrillation and postshock reinitiation of fibrillation. J Mol Cell Cardiol 30:2183–2192PubMedCrossRef Zaugg CE, Wu ST, Barbosa V, Buser PT, Wikman-Coffelt J, Parmley WW, Lee RJ (1998) Ventricular fibrillation-induced intracellular Ca2 + overload causes failed electrical defibrillation and postshock reinitiation of fibrillation. J Mol Cell Cardiol 30:2183–2192PubMedCrossRef
11.
Zurück zum Zitat Hohnloser SH, Al-Khalidi HR, Pratt CM, Brum JM, Tatla DS, Tchou P, Dorian P, Shock Inhibition Evaluation with AzimiLiDe (SHIELD) Investigators (2006) Electrical storm in patients with an implantable defibrillator: incidence, features, and preventive therapy: insights from a randomized trial. Eur Heart J 27:3027–3032PubMedCrossRef Hohnloser SH, Al-Khalidi HR, Pratt CM, Brum JM, Tatla DS, Tchou P, Dorian P, Shock Inhibition Evaluation with AzimiLiDe (SHIELD) Investigators (2006) Electrical storm in patients with an implantable defibrillator: incidence, features, and preventive therapy: insights from a randomized trial. Eur Heart J 27:3027–3032PubMedCrossRef
12.
Zurück zum Zitat Perzanowski C, Pai S (2004) Electrical storm after CABG due to a kinked LIMA. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol 27:545–546PubMedCrossRef Perzanowski C, Pai S (2004) Electrical storm after CABG due to a kinked LIMA. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol 27:545–546PubMedCrossRef
13.
Zurück zum Zitat Lombardi F, Verrier RL, Lown B (1983) Relationship between sympathetic neural activity, coronary dynamics and vulnerability to ventricular fibrillation. Am Heart J 105:958–965PubMedCrossRef Lombardi F, Verrier RL, Lown B (1983) Relationship between sympathetic neural activity, coronary dynamics and vulnerability to ventricular fibrillation. Am Heart J 105:958–965PubMedCrossRef
14.
Zurück zum Zitat Kaźmierczak J, Peregud-Pogorzelska M, Rzeuski R (2007) QT Interval prolongation and torsades de pointes due to a coadministration of ciprofloxacin and azimilide in a patient with implantable cardioverter-defibrillator. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol 30:1043–1046PubMedCrossRef Kaźmierczak J, Peregud-Pogorzelska M, Rzeuski R (2007) QT Interval prolongation and torsades de pointes due to a coadministration of ciprofloxacin and azimilide in a patient with implantable cardioverter-defibrillator. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol 30:1043–1046PubMedCrossRef
15.
Zurück zum Zitat Sarganas G, Garbe E, Klimpel A, Hering RC, Bronder E, Haverkamp W (2014) Epidemiology of symptomatic drug-induced long QT syndrome and torsade de pointes in Germany. Europace 16:101–108PubMedCrossRef Sarganas G, Garbe E, Klimpel A, Hering RC, Bronder E, Haverkamp W (2014) Epidemiology of symptomatic drug-induced long QT syndrome and torsade de pointes in Germany. Europace 16:101–108PubMedCrossRef
16.
Zurück zum Zitat D’Aloia A, Faggiano P, Brentana L, Boldini A, Curnis A, Bontempi L, Dei Cas L (2005) Recurrent ventricular fibrillation during a febrile illness and hyperthermia in a patient with dilated cardiomyopathy and automatic implantable cardioverter defibrillator. An example of electrical storm. Int J Cardiol 103:207–208PubMedCrossRef D’Aloia A, Faggiano P, Brentana L, Boldini A, Curnis A, Bontempi L, Dei Cas L (2005) Recurrent ventricular fibrillation during a febrile illness and hyperthermia in a patient with dilated cardiomyopathy and automatic implantable cardioverter defibrillator. An example of electrical storm. Int J Cardiol 103:207–208PubMedCrossRef
17.
Zurück zum Zitat Marketou ME, Simantirakis EN, Manios EG, Vardas PE (2001) Electrical storm due to amiodarone induced thyrotoxicosis in a young adult with dilated cardiomyopathy: thyroidectomy as the treatment of choice. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol 24:1827–1828PubMedCrossRef Marketou ME, Simantirakis EN, Manios EG, Vardas PE (2001) Electrical storm due to amiodarone induced thyrotoxicosis in a young adult with dilated cardiomyopathy: thyroidectomy as the treatment of choice. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol 24:1827–1828PubMedCrossRef
18.
Zurück zum Zitat Michaels RD, Hays JH, O’Brian JT, Shakir KM (1990) Pheochromocytoma associated ventricular tachycardia blocked with atenolol. J Endocrinol Invest 11:943–947CrossRef Michaels RD, Hays JH, O’Brian JT, Shakir KM (1990) Pheochromocytoma associated ventricular tachycardia blocked with atenolol. J Endocrinol Invest 11:943–947CrossRef
19.
Zurück zum Zitat Brugada J, Aguinaga L, Mont L, Betriu A, Mulet J, Sanz G (2001) Coronary artery revascularization in patients with sustained ventricular arrhythmias in the chronic phase of a myocardial infarction: effects on the electrophysiologic substrate and outcome. J Am Coll Cardiol 37:529–533PubMedCrossRef Brugada J, Aguinaga L, Mont L, Betriu A, Mulet J, Sanz G (2001) Coronary artery revascularization in patients with sustained ventricular arrhythmias in the chronic phase of a myocardial infarction: effects on the electrophysiologic substrate and outcome. J Am Coll Cardiol 37:529–533PubMedCrossRef
20.
Zurück zum Zitat Schmidt TD, Muir AJ (2003) A case of electrical storm in a liver transplant patient. Transplant Proc 35:1437–1438PubMedCrossRef Schmidt TD, Muir AJ (2003) A case of electrical storm in a liver transplant patient. Transplant Proc 35:1437–1438PubMedCrossRef
21.
Zurück zum Zitat Di Grande A, Tabita V, Lizzio MM, Giuffrida C, Bellanuova I, Lisi M, Le Moli C, Amico S (2008) Early repolarization syndrome and Brugada syndrome: Is there any linkage? Eur J Intern Med 19:236–240PubMedCrossRef Di Grande A, Tabita V, Lizzio MM, Giuffrida C, Bellanuova I, Lisi M, Le Moli C, Amico S (2008) Early repolarization syndrome and Brugada syndrome: Is there any linkage? Eur J Intern Med 19:236–240PubMedCrossRef
22.
Zurück zum Zitat Bernard A, Genée O, Grimard C, Sacher F, Fauchier L, Babuty D (2009) Electrical storm reversible by isoproterenol infusion in a striking case of early repolarization. J Interv Card Electrophysiol 25:123–127PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef Bernard A, Genée O, Grimard C, Sacher F, Fauchier L, Babuty D (2009) Electrical storm reversible by isoproterenol infusion in a striking case of early repolarization. J Interv Card Electrophysiol 25:123–127PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef
23.
Zurück zum Zitat Nademanee K, Taylor R, Bailey WE, Rieders DE, Kosar EM (2000) Treating electrical storm: sympathetic blockade versus advanced cardiac life support. Circulation 102:742–747PubMedCrossRef Nademanee K, Taylor R, Bailey WE, Rieders DE, Kosar EM (2000) Treating electrical storm: sympathetic blockade versus advanced cardiac life support. Circulation 102:742–747PubMedCrossRef
24.
Zurück zum Zitat Tsagalou EP, Kanakakis J, Rokas S, Anastasiou-Nana MI (2005) Suppression by propanolol and amiodarone of an electrical storm refractory to metoprolol and amiodarone. Int J Cardiol 99:341–342PubMedCrossRef Tsagalou EP, Kanakakis J, Rokas S, Anastasiou-Nana MI (2005) Suppression by propanolol and amiodarone of an electrical storm refractory to metoprolol and amiodarone. Int J Cardiol 99:341–342PubMedCrossRef
25.
Zurück zum Zitat Miwa Y, Ikeda T, Mera H, Miyakoshi M, Hoshida K, Yanagisawa R, Ishiguro H, Tsukada T, Abe A, Yusu S, Yoshino H (2010) Effects of landiolol, an ultra-short-acting beta1-selective blocker, on electrical storm refractory to class III antiarrhythmic drugs. Circ J 74:856–863PubMedCrossRef Miwa Y, Ikeda T, Mera H, Miyakoshi M, Hoshida K, Yanagisawa R, Ishiguro H, Tsukada T, Abe A, Yusu S, Yoshino H (2010) Effects of landiolol, an ultra-short-acting beta1-selective blocker, on electrical storm refractory to class III antiarrhythmic drugs. Circ J 74:856–863PubMedCrossRef
26.
Zurück zum Zitat Lubbe WF, Podzuweit T, Opie LH (1992) Potential arrhythmogenic role of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (AMP) and cytosolic calcium overload: implications for prophylactic effects of beta-blockers in myocardial infarction and proarrhythmic effects of phosphodiesterase inhibitors. J Am Coll Cardiol 19:1622–1633PubMedCrossRef Lubbe WF, Podzuweit T, Opie LH (1992) Potential arrhythmogenic role of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (AMP) and cytosolic calcium overload: implications for prophylactic effects of beta-blockers in myocardial infarction and proarrhythmic effects of phosphodiesterase inhibitors. J Am Coll Cardiol 19:1622–1633PubMedCrossRef
27.
Zurück zum Zitat Anderson JL, Rodier HE, Green LS (1983) Comparative effects of betaadrenergic blocking drugs on experimental ventricular fibrillation threshold. Am J Cardiol 51:1196–1202PubMedCrossRef Anderson JL, Rodier HE, Green LS (1983) Comparative effects of betaadrenergic blocking drugs on experimental ventricular fibrillation threshold. Am J Cardiol 51:1196–1202PubMedCrossRef
28.
Zurück zum Zitat Chadda K, Goldstein S, Byington R, Curb JD (1986) Effects of propranolol after acute myocardial infarction in patients with congestive heart failure. Circulation 73:503–510PubMedCrossRef Chadda K, Goldstein S, Byington R, Curb JD (1986) Effects of propranolol after acute myocardial infarction in patients with congestive heart failure. Circulation 73:503–510PubMedCrossRef
29.
Zurück zum Zitat Gottlieb SS, McCarter RJ, Vogel RA (1998) Effect of beta-blockade on mortality among high-risk and low-risk patients after myocardial infarction. N Engl J Med 339:489–497PubMedCrossRef Gottlieb SS, McCarter RJ, Vogel RA (1998) Effect of beta-blockade on mortality among high-risk and low-risk patients after myocardial infarction. N Engl J Med 339:489–497PubMedCrossRef
30.
Zurück zum Zitat Szabó BM, Crijns HJ, Wiesfeld AC, van Veldhuisen DJ, Hillege HL, Lie KI (1995) Predictors of mortality in patients with sustained ventricular tachycardias or ventricular fibrillation and depressed left ventricular function: importance of beta-blockade. Am Heart J 130:281–286PubMedCrossRef Szabó BM, Crijns HJ, Wiesfeld AC, van Veldhuisen DJ, Hillege HL, Lie KI (1995) Predictors of mortality in patients with sustained ventricular tachycardias or ventricular fibrillation and depressed left ventricular function: importance of beta-blockade. Am Heart J 130:281–286PubMedCrossRef
31.
Zurück zum Zitat Moss AJ, Zareba W, Hall WJ et al (2002) Prophylactic implantation of a defibrillator in patients with myocardial infarction and reduced ejection fraction. N Engl J Med 346:877–883PubMedCrossRef Moss AJ, Zareba W, Hall WJ et al (2002) Prophylactic implantation of a defibrillator in patients with myocardial infarction and reduced ejection fraction. N Engl J Med 346:877–883PubMedCrossRef
32.
Zurück zum Zitat Billman GE, Castillo LC, Hensley J, Hohl CM, Altschuld RA (1997) Beta 2-adrenergic receptor antagonists protect against ventricular fibrillation: in vivo and in vitro evidence for enhanced sensitivity to beta2-adrenergic stimulation in animals susceptible to sudden cardiac death. Circulation 96:1914–1922 Billman GE, Castillo LC, Hensley J, Hohl CM, Altschuld RA (1997) Beta 2-adrenergic receptor antagonists protect against ventricular fibrillation: in vivo and in vitro evidence for enhanced sensitivity to beta2-adrenergic stimulation in animals susceptible to sudden cardiac death. Circulation 96:1914–1922
33.
Zurück zum Zitat Newton GE, Parker JD (1996) Acute effects of β1-selective and nonselective β-adrenergic receptor blockade and cardiac sympathetic activity in congestive heart failure. Circulation 94:353–358 Newton GE, Parker JD (1996) Acute effects of β1-selective and nonselective β-adrenergic receptor blockade and cardiac sympathetic activity in congestive heart failure. Circulation 94:353–358
34.
Zurück zum Zitat Puljević M, Velagić V, Puljević D (2014) Propranolol efficiency in prevention of sustained ventricular tachycardia in patients with implanted cardioverter-defibrillator: a case series. Croat Med J 55:75–76 Puljević M, Velagić V, Puljević D (2014) Propranolol efficiency in prevention of sustained ventricular tachycardia in patients with implanted cardioverter-defibrillator: a case series. Croat Med J 55:75–76
35.
Zurück zum Zitat Chockalingam P, Crotti L, Girardengo G, Johnson JN, Harris KM, van der Heijden JF, Hauer RN, Beckmann BM, Spazzolini C, Rordorf R, Rydberg A, Clur SA, Fischer M, van den Heuvel F, Kääb S, Blom NA, Ackerman MJ, Schwartz PJ, Wilde AA (2012) Not all beta-blockers are equal in the management of long QT syndrome types 1 and 2: higher recurrence of events under metoprolol. J Am Coll Cardiol 60:2092–2099PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef Chockalingam P, Crotti L, Girardengo G, Johnson JN, Harris KM, van der Heijden JF, Hauer RN, Beckmann BM, Spazzolini C, Rordorf R, Rydberg A, Clur SA, Fischer M, van den Heuvel F, Kääb S, Blom NA, Ackerman MJ, Schwartz PJ, Wilde AA (2012) Not all beta-blockers are equal in the management of long QT syndrome types 1 and 2: higher recurrence of events under metoprolol. J Am Coll Cardiol 60:2092–2099PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef
36.
Zurück zum Zitat Burjorjee JE, Milne B.Oct 1732. Burjorjee J, Milne B (2002) Propofol for electrical storm; a case report of cardioversion and suppression of ventricular tachycardia by propofol. Can J Anaesth 49:973–977PubMedCrossRef Burjorjee JE, Milne B.Oct 1732. Burjorjee J, Milne B (2002) Propofol for electrical storm; a case report of cardioversion and suppression of ventricular tachycardia by propofol. Can J Anaesth 49:973–977PubMedCrossRef
37.
Zurück zum Zitat Mulpuru SK, Patel DV, Wilbur SL, Vasavada BC, Furqan T (2008) Electrical storm and termination with propofol therapy: a case report. Int J Cardiol 128:e6–8CrossRef Mulpuru SK, Patel DV, Wilbur SL, Vasavada BC, Furqan T (2008) Electrical storm and termination with propofol therapy: a case report. Int J Cardiol 128:e6–8CrossRef
38.
Zurück zum Zitat Bourke T, Vaseghi M, Michowitz Y, Sankhla V, Shah M, Swapna N, Boyle NG, Mahajan A, Narasimhan C, Lokhandwala Y, Shivkumar K (2010) Neuraxial modulation for refractory ventricular arrhythmias: value of thoracic epidural anesthesia and surgical left cardiac sympathetic denervation. Circulation 121:2255–2262PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef Bourke T, Vaseghi M, Michowitz Y, Sankhla V, Shah M, Swapna N, Boyle NG, Mahajan A, Narasimhan C, Lokhandwala Y, Shivkumar K (2010) Neuraxial modulation for refractory ventricular arrhythmias: value of thoracic epidural anesthesia and surgical left cardiac sympathetic denervation. Circulation 121:2255–2262PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef
39.
Zurück zum Zitat Vaseghi M, Gima J, Kanaan C, Ajijola OA, Marmureanu A, Mahajan A, Shivkumar K (2013) Cardiac sympathetic denervation in patients with refractory ventricular arrhythmias or electrical Storm: Intermediate and long term follow up. Heart Rhythm. doi:10.1016/j.hrthm.2013.11.028 Vaseghi M, Gima J, Kanaan C, Ajijola OA, Marmureanu A, Mahajan A, Shivkumar K (2013) Cardiac sympathetic denervation in patients with refractory ventricular arrhythmias or electrical Storm: Intermediate and long term follow up. Heart Rhythm. doi:10.1016/j.hrthm.2013.11.028
40.
Zurück zum Zitat Staico R, Armaganijan L, Moreira D, Medeiros P, Melo J, Lopes R, Ribamar Costa J, Abizaid A (2013) Renal sympathetic denervation and ventricular arrhythmias: a case of electrical storm with multiple renal arteries. EuroIntervention. pii:20131022-01 Staico R, Armaganijan L, Moreira D, Medeiros P, Melo J, Lopes R, Ribamar Costa J, Abizaid A (2013) Renal sympathetic denervation and ventricular arrhythmias: a case of electrical storm with multiple renal arteries. EuroIntervention. pii:20131022-01
41.
Zurück zum Zitat Hoffmann BA, Steven D, Willems S, Sydow K (2013) Renal sympathetic denervation as an adjunct to catheter ablation for the treatment of ventricular electrical storm in the setting of acute myocardial infarction. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol 24:1175–1178CrossRef Hoffmann BA, Steven D, Willems S, Sydow K (2013) Renal sympathetic denervation as an adjunct to catheter ablation for the treatment of ventricular electrical storm in the setting of acute myocardial infarction. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol 24:1175–1178CrossRef
42.
Zurück zum Zitat Ukena C, Bauer A, Mahfoud F, Schreieck J, Neuberger HR, Eick C, Sobotka PA, Gawaz M, Böhm M (2012) Renal sympathetic denervation for treatment of electrical storm: first-in-man experience. Clin Res Cardiol 101:63–67PubMedCrossRef Ukena C, Bauer A, Mahfoud F, Schreieck J, Neuberger HR, Eick C, Sobotka PA, Gawaz M, Böhm M (2012) Renal sympathetic denervation for treatment of electrical storm: first-in-man experience. Clin Res Cardiol 101:63–67PubMedCrossRef
43.
Zurück zum Zitat Remo BF, Preminger M, Bradfield J, Mittal S, Boyle N, Gupta A, Shivkumar K, Steinberg JS, Dickfeld T (2013) Safety and efficacy of renal denervation as a novel treatment for ventricular tachycardia storm in patients with cardiomyopathy. Heart Rhythm. doi:10.1016/j.hrthm.2013.12.038 Remo BF, Preminger M, Bradfield J, Mittal S, Boyle N, Gupta A, Shivkumar K, Steinberg JS, Dickfeld T (2013) Safety and efficacy of renal denervation as a novel treatment for ventricular tachycardia storm in patients with cardiomyopathy. Heart Rhythm. doi:10.1016/j.hrthm.2013.12.038
44.
Zurück zum Zitat Kudenchuk PJ, Cobb LA, Copass MK, Cummins RO, Doherty AM, Fahrenbruch CE, Hallstrom AP, Murray WA, Olsufka M, Walsh T (1999) Amiodarone for resuscitation after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest due to ventricular fibrillation. N Engl J Med 341:871–878PubMedCrossRef Kudenchuk PJ, Cobb LA, Copass MK, Cummins RO, Doherty AM, Fahrenbruch CE, Hallstrom AP, Murray WA, Olsufka M, Walsh T (1999) Amiodarone for resuscitation after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest due to ventricular fibrillation. N Engl J Med 341:871–878PubMedCrossRef
45.
Zurück zum Zitat Dorian P, Cass D, Schwartz B, Cooper R, Gelaznikas R, Barr A (2002) Amiodarone as compared with lidocaine for shock resistant ventricular fibrillation. N Engl J Med 346:884–890PubMedCrossRef Dorian P, Cass D, Schwartz B, Cooper R, Gelaznikas R, Barr A (2002) Amiodarone as compared with lidocaine for shock resistant ventricular fibrillation. N Engl J Med 346:884–890PubMedCrossRef
46.
Zurück zum Zitat Marill KA, deSouza IS, Nishijima DK, Stair TO, Setnik GS, Ruskin JN (2006) Amiodarone is poorly effective for the acute termination of ventricular tachycardia. Ann Emerg Med 47:217–224PubMedCrossRef Marill KA, deSouza IS, Nishijima DK, Stair TO, Setnik GS, Ruskin JN (2006) Amiodarone is poorly effective for the acute termination of ventricular tachycardia. Ann Emerg Med 47:217–224PubMedCrossRef
47.
Zurück zum Zitat Tomlinson DR, Cherian P, Betts TR, Bashir Y. (2008) Intravenous amiodarone for the pharmacological termination of haemodynamically-tolerated sustained ventricular tachycardia: is bolus dose amiodarone an appropriate first-line treatment? Emerg Med J 25:15–18PubMedCrossRef Tomlinson DR, Cherian P, Betts TR, Bashir Y. (2008) Intravenous amiodarone for the pharmacological termination of haemodynamically-tolerated sustained ventricular tachycardia: is bolus dose amiodarone an appropriate first-line treatment? Emerg Med J 25:15–18PubMedCrossRef
48.
Zurück zum Zitat Schützenberger W, Leisch F, Kerschner K, Harringer W, Herbinger W (1989) Clinical efficacy of intravenous amiodarone in the short-term treatment of recurrent sustained ventricular tachycardia and ventricular fibrillation. Br Heart J 62:367–371PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef Schützenberger W, Leisch F, Kerschner K, Harringer W, Herbinger W (1989) Clinical efficacy of intravenous amiodarone in the short-term treatment of recurrent sustained ventricular tachycardia and ventricular fibrillation. Br Heart J 62:367–371PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef
49.
Zurück zum Zitat Scheinman MM, Levine JH, Cannom DS, Friehling T, Kopelman HA, Chilson DA, Platia EV, Wilber DJ, Kowey PR (1995) Dose-ranging study of intravenous amiodarone in patients with life-threatening ventricular tachyarrhythmias. The Intravenous Amiodarone Multicenter Investigators Group. Circulation 92:3264–3272PubMedCrossRef Scheinman MM, Levine JH, Cannom DS, Friehling T, Kopelman HA, Chilson DA, Platia EV, Wilber DJ, Kowey PR (1995) Dose-ranging study of intravenous amiodarone in patients with life-threatening ventricular tachyarrhythmias. The Intravenous Amiodarone Multicenter Investigators Group. Circulation 92:3264–3272PubMedCrossRef
50.
Zurück zum Zitat Levine JH, Massumi A, Scheinman MM, Winkle RA, Platia EV, Chilson DA, Gomes A, Woosley RL (1996) Intravenous amiodarone for recurrent sustained hypotensive ventricular tachyarrhythmias. Intravenous Amiodarone Multicenter Trial Group. J Am Coll Cardiol 27:67–75PubMedCrossRef Levine JH, Massumi A, Scheinman MM, Winkle RA, Platia EV, Chilson DA, Gomes A, Woosley RL (1996) Intravenous amiodarone for recurrent sustained hypotensive ventricular tachyarrhythmias. Intravenous Amiodarone Multicenter Trial Group. J Am Coll Cardiol 27:67–75PubMedCrossRef
51.
Zurück zum Zitat Kowey PR, Levine JH, Herre JM, Pacifico A, Lindsay BD, Plumb VJ, Janosik DL, Kopelman HA, Scheinman MM (1995) Randomized, double-blind comparison of intravenous amiodarone and bretylium in the treatment of patients with recurrent, hemodynamically destabilizing ventricular tachycardia or fibrillation. The Intravenous Amiodarone Multicenter Investigators Group. Circulation 92:3255–3263PubMedCrossRef Kowey PR, Levine JH, Herre JM, Pacifico A, Lindsay BD, Plumb VJ, Janosik DL, Kopelman HA, Scheinman MM (1995) Randomized, double-blind comparison of intravenous amiodarone and bretylium in the treatment of patients with recurrent, hemodynamically destabilizing ventricular tachycardia or fibrillation. The Intravenous Amiodarone Multicenter Investigators Group. Circulation 92:3255–3263PubMedCrossRef
52.
Zurück zum Zitat Sim I, McDonald KM, Lavori PW, Norbutas CM, Hlatky MA (1997) Quantitative overview of randomized trials of amiodarone to prevent sudden cardiac death. Circulation 96:2823–2829PubMedCrossRef Sim I, McDonald KM, Lavori PW, Norbutas CM, Hlatky MA (1997) Quantitative overview of randomized trials of amiodarone to prevent sudden cardiac death. Circulation 96:2823–2829PubMedCrossRef
53.
Zurück zum Zitat Boutitie F, Boissel JP, Connolly SJ, Camm AJ, Cairns JA, Julian DG, Gent M, Janse MJ, Dorian P, Frangin G (1999) Amiodarone interaction with beta-blockers: analysis of the merged EMIAT (European Myocardial Infarct Amiodarone Trial) and CAMIAT (Canadian Amiodarone Myocardial Infarction Trial) databases. Circulation 99:2268–2275PubMedCrossRef Boutitie F, Boissel JP, Connolly SJ, Camm AJ, Cairns JA, Julian DG, Gent M, Janse MJ, Dorian P, Frangin G (1999) Amiodarone interaction with beta-blockers: analysis of the merged EMIAT (European Myocardial Infarct Amiodarone Trial) and CAMIAT (Canadian Amiodarone Myocardial Infarction Trial) databases. Circulation 99:2268–2275PubMedCrossRef
54.
Zurück zum Zitat Connolly SJ, Dorian P, Roberts RS, Gent M, Bailin S, Fain ES, Thorpe K, Champagne J, Talajic M, Coutu B, Gronefeld GC, Hohnloser SH, Optimal Pharmacological Therapy in Cardioverter Defibrillator Patients (OPTIC) Investigators (2006) Comparison of beta-blockers, amiodarone plus beta-blockers, or sotalol for prevention of shocks from implantable cardioverter defibrillators: the OPTIC Study: a randomized trial. JAMA 295:165–171PubMedCrossRef Connolly SJ, Dorian P, Roberts RS, Gent M, Bailin S, Fain ES, Thorpe K, Champagne J, Talajic M, Coutu B, Gronefeld GC, Hohnloser SH, Optimal Pharmacological Therapy in Cardioverter Defibrillator Patients (OPTIC) Investigators (2006) Comparison of beta-blockers, amiodarone plus beta-blockers, or sotalol for prevention of shocks from implantable cardioverter defibrillators: the OPTIC Study: a randomized trial. JAMA 295:165–171PubMedCrossRef
55.
Zurück zum Zitat Gao D, Van Herendael H, Alshengeiti L, Dorian P, Mangat I, Korley V, Ahmad K, Golovchiner G, Aves T, Pinter A (2013) Mexiletine as an adjunctive therapy to amiodarone reduces the frequency of ventricular tachyarrhythmia events in patients with an implantable defibrillator. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 62:199–204PubMedCrossRef Gao D, Van Herendael H, Alshengeiti L, Dorian P, Mangat I, Korley V, Ahmad K, Golovchiner G, Aves T, Pinter A (2013) Mexiletine as an adjunctive therapy to amiodarone reduces the frequency of ventricular tachyarrhythmia events in patients with an implantable defibrillator. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 62:199–204PubMedCrossRef
56.
Zurück zum Zitat Fuchs T, Groysman R, Meilichov I (2008) Use of a combination of class III and class Ic antiarrhythmic agents in patients with electrical storm. Pharmacotherapy 28:14–19PubMedCrossRef Fuchs T, Groysman R, Meilichov I (2008) Use of a combination of class III and class Ic antiarrhythmic agents in patients with electrical storm. Pharmacotherapy 28:14–19PubMedCrossRef
57.
Zurück zum Zitat Guerra F, Shkoza M, Scappini L, Flori M, Capucci A (2013) Role of electrical storm as a mortality and morbidity risk factor and its clinical predictors: a meta-analysis. Europace. pii:20131022-01 Guerra F, Shkoza M, Scappini L, Flori M, Capucci A (2013) Role of electrical storm as a mortality and morbidity risk factor and its clinical predictors: a meta-analysis. Europace. pii:20131022-01
58.
Zurück zum Zitat Belhassen B, Viskin S, Fish R, Glick A, Setbon I, Eldar M (1999) Effects of electrophysiologic guided therapy with Class IA antiarrhythmic drugs on the long-term outcome of patients with idiopathic ventricular fibrillation with or without the Brugada syndrome. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol 10:1301–1312PubMedCrossRef Belhassen B, Viskin S, Fish R, Glick A, Setbon I, Eldar M (1999) Effects of electrophysiologic guided therapy with Class IA antiarrhythmic drugs on the long-term outcome of patients with idiopathic ventricular fibrillation with or without the Brugada syndrome. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol 10:1301–1312PubMedCrossRef
59.
Zurück zum Zitat Veerakul G, Nademanee K (2012) Brugada syndrome: two decades of progress. Circ J 76:2713–2722PubMedCrossRef Veerakul G, Nademanee K (2012) Brugada syndrome: two decades of progress. Circ J 76:2713–2722PubMedCrossRef
60.
Zurück zum Zitat Aliot EM, Stevenson WG, Almendral-Garrote JM, Bogun F, Calkins CH, Delacretaz E, Bella PD, Hindricks G, Jaïs P, Josephson ME, Kautzner J, Kay GN, Kuck KH, Lerman BB, Marchlinski F, Reddy V, Schalij MJ, Schilling R, Soejima K, Wilber D, European Heart Rhythm Association, European Society of Cardiology, Heart Rhythm Society (2009) EHRA/HRS Expert Consensus on Catheter Ablation of Ventricular Arrhythmias: developed in a partnership with the European Heart Rhythm Association (EHRA), a Registered Branch of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC), and the Heart Rhythm Society (HRS); in collaboration with the American College of Cardiology (ACC) and the American Heart Association (AHA). Europace 11:771–817PubMedCrossRef Aliot EM, Stevenson WG, Almendral-Garrote JM, Bogun F, Calkins CH, Delacretaz E, Bella PD, Hindricks G, Jaïs P, Josephson ME, Kautzner J, Kay GN, Kuck KH, Lerman BB, Marchlinski F, Reddy V, Schalij MJ, Schilling R, Soejima K, Wilber D, European Heart Rhythm Association, European Society of Cardiology, Heart Rhythm Society (2009) EHRA/HRS Expert Consensus on Catheter Ablation of Ventricular Arrhythmias: developed in a partnership with the European Heart Rhythm Association (EHRA), a Registered Branch of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC), and the Heart Rhythm Society (HRS); in collaboration with the American College of Cardiology (ACC) and the American Heart Association (AHA). Europace 11:771–817PubMedCrossRef
61.
Zurück zum Zitat Sra J, Bhatia A, Dhala A, Blanck Z, Deshpande S, Cooley R, Akhtar M (2001) Electroanatomically guided catheter ablation of ventricular tachycardias causing multiple defibrillator shocks. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol 24:1645–1652PubMedCrossRef Sra J, Bhatia A, Dhala A, Blanck Z, Deshpande S, Cooley R, Akhtar M (2001) Electroanatomically guided catheter ablation of ventricular tachycardias causing multiple defibrillator shocks. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol 24:1645–1652PubMedCrossRef
62.
Zurück zum Zitat Silva RM, Mont L, Nava S, Rojel U, Matas M, Brugada J (2004) Radiofrequency catheter ablation for arrhythymic storm in patients with an implantable cardioverter defibrillator. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol 27:971–975PubMedCrossRef Silva RM, Mont L, Nava S, Rojel U, Matas M, Brugada J (2004) Radiofrequency catheter ablation for arrhythymic storm in patients with an implantable cardioverter defibrillator. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol 27:971–975PubMedCrossRef
63.
Zurück zum Zitat Kozeluhova M, Peichl P, Cihak R, Wichterle D, Vancura V, Bytesnik J, Kautzner J (2011) Catheter ablation of electrical storm in patients with structural heart disease. Europace 13:109–113PubMedCrossRef Kozeluhova M, Peichl P, Cihak R, Wichterle D, Vancura V, Bytesnik J, Kautzner J (2011) Catheter ablation of electrical storm in patients with structural heart disease. Europace 13:109–113PubMedCrossRef
64.
Zurück zum Zitat Deneke T, Shin DI, Lawo T, Bösche L, Balta O, Anders H, Bünz K, Horlitz M, Grewe PH, Lemke B, Mügge A (2011) Catheter ablation of electrical storm in a collaborative hospital network. Am J Cardiol 108:233–239PubMedCrossRef Deneke T, Shin DI, Lawo T, Bösche L, Balta O, Anders H, Bünz K, Horlitz M, Grewe PH, Lemke B, Mügge A (2011) Catheter ablation of electrical storm in a collaborative hospital network. Am J Cardiol 108:233–239PubMedCrossRef
65.
Zurück zum Zitat Arya A, Bode K, Piorkowski C, Bollmann A, Sommer P, Gaspar T, Wetzel U, Husser D, Kottkamp H, Hindricks G (2010) Catheter ablation of electrical storm due to monomorphic ventricular tachycardia in patients with nonischemic cardiomyopathy: acute results and its effect on long-term survival. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol 33:1504–1509PubMedCrossRef Arya A, Bode K, Piorkowski C, Bollmann A, Sommer P, Gaspar T, Wetzel U, Husser D, Kottkamp H, Hindricks G (2010) Catheter ablation of electrical storm due to monomorphic ventricular tachycardia in patients with nonischemic cardiomyopathy: acute results and its effect on long-term survival. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol 33:1504–1509PubMedCrossRef
66.
Zurück zum Zitat Izquierdo M, Ruiz-Granell R, Ferrero A, Martínez A, Sánchez-Gomez J, Bonanad C, Mascarell B, Morell S, García-Civera R (2012) Ablation or conservative management of electrical storm due to monomorphic ventricular tachycardia: differences in outcome. Europace 14:1734–1739PubMedCrossRef Izquierdo M, Ruiz-Granell R, Ferrero A, Martínez A, Sánchez-Gomez J, Bonanad C, Mascarell B, Morell S, García-Civera R (2012) Ablation or conservative management of electrical storm due to monomorphic ventricular tachycardia: differences in outcome. Europace 14:1734–1739PubMedCrossRef
67.
Zurück zum Zitat Frankel DS, Mountantonakis SE, Robinson MR, Zado ES, Callans DJ, Marchlinski FE (2011) Ventricular tachycardia ablation remains treatment of last resort in structural heart disease: Argument for earlier intervention. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol 22:1123–1128PubMedCrossRef Frankel DS, Mountantonakis SE, Robinson MR, Zado ES, Callans DJ, Marchlinski FE (2011) Ventricular tachycardia ablation remains treatment of last resort in structural heart disease: Argument for earlier intervention. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol 22:1123–1128PubMedCrossRef
68.
Zurück zum Zitat Mallidi J, Nadkarni GN, Berger RD, Calkins H, Nazarian S (2011) Meta-analysis of catheter ablation as an adjunct to medical therapy for treatment of ventricular tachycardia in patients with structural heart disease. Heart Rhythm 8:503–510PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef Mallidi J, Nadkarni GN, Berger RD, Calkins H, Nazarian S (2011) Meta-analysis of catheter ablation as an adjunct to medical therapy for treatment of ventricular tachycardia in patients with structural heart disease. Heart Rhythm 8:503–510PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef
69.
Zurück zum Zitat Jared Bunch T, Peter Weiss J, Crandall BG, Day JD, May HT, Bair TL, Osborn JS, Mallender C, Fischer A, Brunner KJ, Mahapatra S (2014) Patients treated with catheter ablation for ventricular tachycardia after an ICD shock have lower long-term rates of death and heart failure hospitalization compared to patients treated with medical management only. Heart Rhythm. 11:533–40 Jared Bunch T, Peter Weiss J, Crandall BG, Day JD, May HT, Bair TL, Osborn JS, Mallender C, Fischer A, Brunner KJ, Mahapatra S (2014) Patients treated with catheter ablation for ventricular tachycardia after an ICD shock have lower long-term rates of death and heart failure hospitalization compared to patients treated with medical management only. Heart Rhythm. 11:533–40
70.
Zurück zum Zitat Bänsch D, Schneider R, Akin I, Nienaber CA (2012) VT ablation in heart failure. Herzschr Elektrophys 23:38–44CrossRef Bänsch D, Schneider R, Akin I, Nienaber CA (2012) VT ablation in heart failure. Herzschr Elektrophys 23:38–44CrossRef
71.
Zurück zum Zitat Dinov B, Fiedler L, Schönbauer R, Bollmann A, Rolf S, Piorkowski C, Hindricks G, Arya A (2014) Outcomes in Catheter Ablation of Ventricular Tachycardia in Dilated Non-Ischemic Cardiomyopathy in Comparison to Ischemic Cardiomyopathy: Results from the Prospective HEart Centre of LeiPzig VT (HELP – VT) Study. Circulation. 129:728–736 Dinov B, Fiedler L, Schönbauer R, Bollmann A, Rolf S, Piorkowski C, Hindricks G, Arya A (2014) Outcomes in Catheter Ablation of Ventricular Tachycardia in Dilated Non-Ischemic Cardiomyopathy in Comparison to Ischemic Cardiomyopathy: Results from the Prospective HEart Centre of LeiPzig VT (HELP – VT) Study. Circulation. 129:728–736
72.
Zurück zum Zitat Soejima K, Stevenson WG, Sapp JL, Selwyn AP, Couper G, Epstein LM (2004) Endocardial and epicardial radiofrequency ablation of ventricular tachycardia associated with dilated cardiomyopathy: the importance of low-voltage scars. J Am Coll Cardiol 43:1834–1842PubMedCrossRef Soejima K, Stevenson WG, Sapp JL, Selwyn AP, Couper G, Epstein LM (2004) Endocardial and epicardial radiofrequency ablation of ventricular tachycardia associated with dilated cardiomyopathy: the importance of low-voltage scars. J Am Coll Cardiol 43:1834–1842PubMedCrossRef
73.
Zurück zum Zitat Haïssaguerre M, Shoda M, Jaïs P, Nogami A, Shah DC, Kautzner J, Arentz T, Kalushe D, Lamaison D, Griffith M, Cruz F, de Paola A, Gaïta F, Hocini M, Garrigue S, Macle L, Weerasooriya R, Clémenty J (2002) Mapping and ablation of idiopathic ventricular fibrillation. Circulation 106:962–967PubMedCrossRef Haïssaguerre M, Shoda M, Jaïs P, Nogami A, Shah DC, Kautzner J, Arentz T, Kalushe D, Lamaison D, Griffith M, Cruz F, de Paola A, Gaïta F, Hocini M, Garrigue S, Macle L, Weerasooriya R, Clémenty J (2002) Mapping and ablation of idiopathic ventricular fibrillation. Circulation 106:962–967PubMedCrossRef
74.
Zurück zum Zitat Marrouche NF, Verma A, Wazni O, Schweikert R, Martin DO, Saliba W, Kilicaslan F, Cummings J, Burkhardt JD, Bhargava M, Bash D, Brachmann J, Guenther J, Hao S, Beheiry S, Rossillo A, Raviele A, Themistoclakis S, Natale A (2004) Mode of initiation and ablation of ventricular fibrillation storms in patients with ischemic cardiomyopathy. J Am Coll Cardiol 43:1715–1720PubMedCrossRef Marrouche NF, Verma A, Wazni O, Schweikert R, Martin DO, Saliba W, Kilicaslan F, Cummings J, Burkhardt JD, Bhargava M, Bash D, Brachmann J, Guenther J, Hao S, Beheiry S, Rossillo A, Raviele A, Themistoclakis S, Natale A (2004) Mode of initiation and ablation of ventricular fibrillation storms in patients with ischemic cardiomyopathy. J Am Coll Cardiol 43:1715–1720PubMedCrossRef
75.
Zurück zum Zitat Bänsch D, Oyang F, Antz M, Arentz T, Weber R, Val-Mejias JE, Ernst S, Kuck KH (2003) Successful catheter ablation of electrical storm after myocardial infarction. Circulation 108:3011–3016PubMedCrossRef Bänsch D, Oyang F, Antz M, Arentz T, Weber R, Val-Mejias JE, Ernst S, Kuck KH (2003) Successful catheter ablation of electrical storm after myocardial infarction. Circulation 108:3011–3016PubMedCrossRef
76.
Zurück zum Zitat Bogun F, Good E, Reich S, Elmouchi D, Igic P, Tschopp D, Dey S, Wimmer A, Jongnarangsin K, Oral H, Chugh A, Pelosi F, Morady F (2006) Role of Purkinje fibers in post-infarction ventricular tachycardia. J Am Coll Cardiol 48:2500–2507PubMedCrossRef Bogun F, Good E, Reich S, Elmouchi D, Igic P, Tschopp D, Dey S, Wimmer A, Jongnarangsin K, Oral H, Chugh A, Pelosi F, Morady F (2006) Role of Purkinje fibers in post-infarction ventricular tachycardia. J Am Coll Cardiol 48:2500–2507PubMedCrossRef
77.
Zurück zum Zitat Tan VH, Yap J, Hsu LF, Liew R (2012) Catheter ablation of ventricular fibrillation triggers and electrical storm. Europace 14:1687–1695PubMedCrossRef Tan VH, Yap J, Hsu LF, Liew R (2012) Catheter ablation of ventricular fibrillation triggers and electrical storm. Europace 14:1687–1695PubMedCrossRef
78.
Zurück zum Zitat Haïssaguerre M, Extramiana F, Hocini M, Cauchemez B, Jaïs P, Cabrera JA, Farré J, Leenhardt A, Sanders P, Scavée C, Hsu LF, Weerasooriya R, Shah DC, Frank R, Maury P, Delay M, Garrigue S, Clémenty J (2003) Mapping and ablation of ventricular fibrillation associated with Long-QT and Brugada syndromes. Circulation 108:925–928PubMedCrossRef Haïssaguerre M, Extramiana F, Hocini M, Cauchemez B, Jaïs P, Cabrera JA, Farré J, Leenhardt A, Sanders P, Scavée C, Hsu LF, Weerasooriya R, Shah DC, Frank R, Maury P, Delay M, Garrigue S, Clémenty J (2003) Mapping and ablation of ventricular fibrillation associated with Long-QT and Brugada syndromes. Circulation 108:925–928PubMedCrossRef
79.
Zurück zum Zitat Tsai FC, Wang YC, Huang YK, Tseng CN, Wu MY, Chang YS, Chu JJ, Lin PJ (2007) Extracorporeal life support to terminate refractory ventricular tachycardia. Crit Care Med 35:1673–1676PubMedCrossRef Tsai FC, Wang YC, Huang YK, Tseng CN, Wu MY, Chang YS, Chu JJ, Lin PJ (2007) Extracorporeal life support to terminate refractory ventricular tachycardia. Crit Care Med 35:1673–1676PubMedCrossRef
80.
Zurück zum Zitat Henning A, Schreieck J, Riessen R, Gawaz M, May AE (2011) Successful bridge to recovery using a microaxial blood pump in a patient with electrical storm and cardiogenic shock. Med Klin Intensivmed Notfmed 106:132–136PubMedCrossRef Henning A, Schreieck J, Riessen R, Gawaz M, May AE (2011) Successful bridge to recovery using a microaxial blood pump in a patient with electrical storm and cardiogenic shock. Med Klin Intensivmed Notfmed 106:132–136PubMedCrossRef
81.
Zurück zum Zitat Carbucicchio C, Della Bella P, Fassini G, Trevisi N, Riva S, Giraldi F, Baratto F, Marenzi G, Sisillo E, Bartorelli A, Alamanni F (2009) Percutaneous cardiopulmonary support for catheter ablation of unstable ventricular arrhythmias in high-risk patients. Herz 34:545–552PubMedCrossRef Carbucicchio C, Della Bella P, Fassini G, Trevisi N, Riva S, Giraldi F, Baratto F, Marenzi G, Sisillo E, Bartorelli A, Alamanni F (2009) Percutaneous cardiopulmonary support for catheter ablation of unstable ventricular arrhythmias in high-risk patients. Herz 34:545–552PubMedCrossRef
82.
Zurück zum Zitat Boddicker KA, Zhang Y, Zimmermann B, Davies LR, Kerber RE (2005) Hypothermia improves defibrillation success and resuscitation outcomes from ventricular fibrillation. Circulation 111:3195–3201 Boddicker KA, Zhang Y, Zimmermann B, Davies LR, Kerber RE (2005) Hypothermia improves defibrillation success and resuscitation outcomes from ventricular fibrillation. Circulation 111:3195–3201
83.
Zurück zum Zitat Kloner RA, Dow JS, Bhandari A (2011) The antianginal agent ranolazine is a potent antiarrhythmic agent that reduces ventricular arrhythmias: through a mechanism favoring inhibition of late sodium channel. Cardiovasc Ther 16:192–196 Kloner RA, Dow JS, Bhandari A (2011) The antianginal agent ranolazine is a potent antiarrhythmic agent that reduces ventricular arrhythmias: through a mechanism favoring inhibition of late sodium channel. Cardiovasc Ther 16:192–196
84.
Zurück zum Zitat Bunch TJ, Mahapatra S, Murdock D, Molden J, Weiss JP, May HT, Bair TL, Mader KM, Crandall BG, Day JD, Osborn JS, Muhlestein JB, Lappe DL, Anderson JL (2011) Ranolazine reduces ventricular tachycardia burden and ICD shocks in patients with drug-refractory ICD shocks. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol 34:1600–1606 Bunch TJ, Mahapatra S, Murdock D, Molden J, Weiss JP, May HT, Bair TL, Mader KM, Crandall BG, Day JD, Osborn JS, Muhlestein JB, Lappe DL, Anderson JL (2011) Ranolazine reduces ventricular tachycardia burden and ICD shocks in patients with drug-refractory ICD shocks. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol 34:1600–1606
85.
Zurück zum Zitat Yeung E, Krantz MJ, Schuller JL, Dale RA, Haigney MC (2014) Ranolazine for the suppression of ventricular arrhythmia: a case series. Ann Noninvasive Electrocardiol. doi:10.1111/anec.12137 Yeung E, Krantz MJ, Schuller JL, Dale RA, Haigney MC (2014) Ranolazine for the suppression of ventricular arrhythmia: a case series. Ann Noninvasive Electrocardiol. doi:10.1111/anec.12137
Metadaten
Titel
Elektrischer Sturm in der Notaufnahme: Klinische Pfade
verfasst von
Dr. Anja Schade
Karin Nentwich
Patrick Müller
Joachim Krug
Sebastian Kerber
Thomas Deneke
Publikationsdatum
01.06.2014
Verlag
Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Erschienen in
Herzschrittmachertherapie + Elektrophysiologie / Ausgabe 2/2014
Print ISSN: 0938-7412
Elektronische ISSN: 1435-1544
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00399-014-0312-z

Weitere Artikel der Ausgabe 2/2014

Herzschrittmachertherapie + Elektrophysiologie 2/2014 Zur Ausgabe

Niedriger diastolischer Blutdruck erhöht Risiko für schwere kardiovaskuläre Komplikationen

25.04.2024 Hypotonie Nachrichten

Wenn unter einer medikamentösen Hochdrucktherapie der diastolische Blutdruck in den Keller geht, steigt das Risiko für schwere kardiovaskuläre Ereignisse: Darauf deutet eine Sekundäranalyse der SPRINT-Studie hin.

Therapiestart mit Blutdrucksenkern erhöht Frakturrisiko

25.04.2024 Hypertonie Nachrichten

Beginnen ältere Männer im Pflegeheim eine Antihypertensiva-Therapie, dann ist die Frakturrate in den folgenden 30 Tagen mehr als verdoppelt. Besonders häufig stürzen Demenzkranke und Männer, die erstmals Blutdrucksenker nehmen. Dafür spricht eine Analyse unter US-Veteranen.

Adipositas-Medikament auch gegen Schlafapnoe wirksam

24.04.2024 Adipositas Nachrichten

Der als Antidiabetikum sowie zum Gewichtsmanagement zugelassene Wirkstoff Tirzepatid hat in Studien bei adipösen Patienten auch schlafbezogene Atmungsstörungen deutlich reduziert, informiert der Hersteller in einer Vorab-Meldung zum Studienausgang.

Komplette Revaskularisation bei Infarkt: Neue Studie setzt ein Fragezeichen

24.04.2024 ACC 2024 Nachrichten

Eine FFR-gesteuerte komplette Revaskularisation war in einer Studie bei Patienten mit akutem Myokardinfarkt und koronarer Mehrgefäßerkrankung klinisch nicht wirksamer als eine alleinige Revaskularisation der Infarktarterie.

Update Kardiologie

Bestellen Sie unseren Fach-Newsletter und bleiben Sie gut informiert.