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NeuroMolecular Medicine

Erschienen in:

18.07.2018 | Review Paper

Emerging Concepts in Brain Glucose Metabolic Functions: From Glucose Sensing to How the Sweet Taste of Glucose Regulates Its Own Metabolism in Astrocytes and Neurons

verfasst von: Menizibeya O. Welcome, Nikos E. Mastorakis

Erschienen in: NeuroMolecular Medicine | Ausgabe 3/2018

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Abstract

The astrocyte-neuron lactate shunt (ANLS) hypothesis is the most widely accepted model of brain glucose metabolism. However, over the past decades, research has shown that neuronal and astrocyte plasma membrane receptors, in particular, GLUT2, Kir6.2 subunit of the potassium ATP-channel, SGLT-3 acting as glucosensors, play a pivotal role in brain glucose metabolism. Although both ANLS hypothesis and glucosensor model substantially improved our understanding of brain glucose metabolism, the latter appears to be gaining more attention in the scientific community as the former could not account for new research data indicating that hypothalamic and brainstem neurons may not require astrocyte-derived lactate for energy. More recently, emerging evidences suggest a crucial role of sweet taste receptors in brain glucose metabolism. Furthermore, a couple of intracellular molecules acting as glucosensors have been identified in central astrocytes and neurons. This review integrates new data on the mechanisms of brain glucose sensing and metabolism. The role of the glucosensors including the sweet taste T1R2 + T1R3-mediated brain glucose-sensing and metabolism in brain glucose metabolic disorders is discussed. Possible role of glucose sensors (GLUT2, K-ATP_Kir6.2, SGLT3, T1R2 + T1R3) in brain diseases involving metabolic dysfunctions and the therapeutic significance in targeting central glucosensors for the treatment of these brain diseases are also discussed.

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Titel: Emerging Concepts in Brain Glucose Metabolic Functions: From Glucose Sensing to How the Sweet Taste of Glucose Regulates Its Own Metabolism in Astrocytes and Neurons
verfasst von: Menizibeya O. Welcome
Nikos E. Mastorakis
Publikationsdatum: 18.07.2018
Verlag: Springer US
Erschienen in: NeuroMolecular Medicine / Ausgabe 3/2018
Print ISSN: 1535-1084
Elektronische ISSN: 1559-1174
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12017-018-8503-0

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Emerging Concepts in Brain Glucose Metabolic Functions: From Glucose Sensing to How the Sweet Taste of Glucose Regulates Its Own Metabolism in Astrocytes and Neurons

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