Skip to main content
Hauptrubriken
CME Facharzt-Training Webinare Zeitschriften Bücher e.Medpedia Podcast
Service
Jobbörse Info & Hilfe
Fachgebiete
Anästhesiologie Allgemeinmedizin Arbeitsmedizin Augenheilkunde Chirurgie Dermatologie Gynäkologie und Geburtshilfe HNO Innere Medizin Kardiologie Neurologie Onkologie und Hämatologie Orthopädie und Unfallchirurgie Pädiatrie Pathologie Psychiatrie Radiologie Rechtsmedizin Urologie Zahnmedizin
Themen
Klimawandel und Gesundheit Neues aus dem Markt COVID-19 Praxis und Beruf Seltene Erkrankungen GOÄ & EBM Panorama
Sammlungen
Kasuistiken Algorithmen & Infografiken Blickdiagnosen Arthropedia FlapFinder (für Dermatochirurgen) Videos Kongressberichterstattung Medizin für Apothekerinnen und Apotheker Für Ärztinnen und Ärzte in Weiterbildung Für Medizinstudierende
Erweiterte Suche
Anmelden
nach oben
Erschienen in:
Koexistenz von Depression, Angst, traumatischem Stress und körperlicher Krankheit – allgemeine Positionen Kapitel lesen Erstes Kapitel lesen

2022 | OriginalPaper | Buchkapitel

9. Endokrine Störungen

verfasst von : Hans-Peter Kapfhammer

Erschienen in: Depression, Angst, traumatischer Stress und internistische Erkrankungen

Verlag: Springer Berlin Heidelberg

Einloggen, um Zugang zu erhalten

Zusammenfassung

Endokrine Krankheiten verweisen auf Störungen komplexer hormoneller Regelkreise mit multiplen systemischen Auswirkungen. Sie können prinzipiell in einer Unter- oder Überfunktion imponieren. Störungen der Schilddrüse, der Nebenschilddrüsen sowie der Nebennieren werden skizziert. Eine affektive Komorbidität ist mit bedeutsamen negativen Effekten auf den Krankheitsverlauf assoziiert. Bei Unterformen von Schilddrüsenüberfunktionen (Morbus Basedow) wird eine mögliche pathogenetische Rolle von schwerwiegenden psychosozialen Stressoren in der Auslösung von hyperthyreoten Krisen und auch von Rezidiven im weiteren Krankheitsverlauf diskutiert. In einer „psycho-somatischen“ und „somato-psychischen“ Perspektive sind komplexe psychologische und biologische Interaktionen zu beachten. Zentralnervöse Auswirkungen können auch mit psychotischen Symptomen oder diffusen Persönlichkeitsveränderungen einhergehen. Trotz hoher empirischer Assoziation liegen bisher keine explizit störungsorientierten Studien zur Psychotherapie und Psychopharmakotherapie einer affektiven Komorbidität bei Schilddrüsenerkrankungen vor. Untersuchungen zur Augmentation einer antidepressiven Medikation mit Schilddrüsenhormonen bei Therapie-refraktären Depressionen sind klinisch relevant. Bei selteneren endokrinen Störungen (Hypo-/ Hyperparathyreoidismus, M. Cushing, Addison Syndrom, Phäochromozytom) stützen sich psychopharmakologische Interventionen lediglich auf Einzelfallbeobachtungen.
Literatur
Abdel-Motleb M (2012) The neuropsychiatric aspect of Addison’s disease: a case report. Innov Clin Neurosci 9:34–36
Alarcón RD, Franceschini JA (1984) Hyperparathyroidism and paranoid psychosis: case report and review of the literature. Br J Psychiatry 145:477–486CrossRef
Albacar G, Sans T, Martín-Santos R et al (2010) Thyroid function 48 h after delivery as a marker for subsequent postpartum depression. Psychoneuroendocrinology 35:738–742CrossRef
Albert U, De Cori D, Aguglia A, Barbaro F et al (2015) Effects of maintenance lithium treatment on serum parathyroid hormone and calcium levels: a retrospective longitudinal naturalistic study. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 11:1785–1791CrossRef
Alexander F, French TM, Pollack GH (1968) Psychosomatic specificity. University of Chicago Press, Chicago
Allelein S, Feldkamp J, Schott M (2017) Autoimmune Schilddrüsenerkrankungen. Internist 58:47–58CrossRef
Altshuler LL, Bauer M, Frye MA et al (2001) Does thyroid supplementation accelerate tricyclic antidepressant response? A review and meta-analysis of the literature. AmJ Psychiatry 158:1617–1622CrossRef
Amaral AD, Novais C, Coelho MA et al (2016) Organic psychosis due to hypoparathyroidism in an older adult: a case report. Braz J Psychiatry 38:349–350CrossRef
Ambrogini E, Cetani F, Cianferotti L et al (2007) Surgery or surveillance for mild asymptomatic primary hyperparathyroidism: a prospective, randomized clinical trial. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 92:3114–3121CrossRef
Anagnostis P, Vaitsi K, Veneti S et al (2021) Efficacy of parathyroidectomy compared with active surveillance in patients with mild asymptomatic primary hyperparathyroidism: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized-controlled studies. J Endocrinol Invest 44:1127–1137CrossRef
Ang AW, Ko SM, Tan CH (1995) Calcium, magnesium, and psychotic symptoms in a girl with idiopathic hypoparathyroidism. Psychosom Med 57:299–302CrossRef
Anglin RE, Rosebush PI, Mazurek MF (2006) The neuropsychiatric profile of Addison’s disease: revisiting a forgotten phenomenon. J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci 18:450–459CrossRef
Aoki Y, Belin RM, Clickner R et al (2007) Serum TSH and total T4 in the United States population and their association with participant characteristics: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES 1999–2002). Thyroid 17:1211–1223CrossRef
Artunkal S, Togrol S (1964) Psychological Studies in hyperthyroidism and in brain thyroid relationship. Little, Brown, Boston
Applewhite MK, Schneider DF (2014) Mild primary hyperparathyroidism: a literature review. Oncologist 19:919–929CrossRef
Aronson R, Offman HJ, Joffe RT, Naylor CD (1996) Triiodothyronine augmentation in the treatment of refractory depression. A meta-analysis. Arch Gen Psychiatry 53:842–848
Åsvold BO, Vatten LJ, Bjøro T (2013) Changes in the prevalence of hypothyroidism: the HUNT Study in Norway. Eur J Endocrinol 169:613–620CrossRef
Astor MC, Løvås K, Debowska A et al (2016) Epidemiology and health-related quality of life in hypoparathyroidism in Norway. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 101:3045–3053CrossRef
Aubert CE, Bauer DC, da Costa BR et al (2017) The association between subclinical thyroid dysfunction and dementia: the Health, Aging and Body Composition (Health ABC) Study. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 87:617–626CrossRef
Baldini IM, Vita A, Mauri MC et al (1997) Psychopathological and cognitive features in subclinical hypothyroidism. Prog Neuro-Psychopharmacology Biol Psychiatry 21:925–935CrossRef
Barbuti M, Carvalho AF, Köhler CA et al (2017) Thyroid autoimmunity in bipolar disorder: A systematic review. J Affect Disord 221:97–106CrossRef
Bartalena L, Fatourechi V (2014) Extrathyroidal manifestations of Graves’ disease: a 2014 update. J Endocrinol Invest 37:691–700CrossRef
Bartova L, Dold M, Fugger G et al (2021) Sex-related effects in major depressive disorder: results of the European Group for the Study of Resistant Depression. Depress Anxiety 38:896–906CrossRef
Batistuzzo A, Ribeiro MO (2020) Clinical and subclinical maternal hypothyroidism and their effects on neurodevelopment, behavior and cognition. Arch Endocrinol Metab 64:89–95CrossRef
Bätge B, Dodt C, Müller-Wieland D, Renz-Polster H (2018) Endokrines System. In: Braun J, Müller-Wieland D, Renz-Polster H, Krautzig S (Hrsg) Basislehrbuch Innere Medizin, 6. Aufl. Elsevier, Urban & Fischer, München, S 673–731
Bauduin SEEC, van der Wee NJA, van der Werff SJA (2018) Structural brain abnormalities in Cushing’s syndrome. Curr Opin Endocrinol Diabetes Obes 25:285–289CrossRef
Bauer M, Goetz T, Glenn T et al (2008) The thyroid-brain interaction in thyroid disorders and mooddisorders. J Neuroendocrinol 20:1101–1114CrossRef
Bauer M, Heinz A, Whybrow PC (2002) Thyroid hormones, serotonin and mood: of synergy and significance in the adult brain. Mol Psychiatry 7:140–156CrossRef
Bauer M, Priebe S, Kurten I et al (1994) Psychological and endocrine abnormalities in refugees from East Germany, part I: Prolonged Stress, psychopathology and hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis activity. Psychiatry Res 51:61–73CrossRef
Bauer MS, Whybrow PC (1990) Rapid cycling bipolar affective disorder, II: treatment of refractory rapid cycling with high-dose levothyroxine: a preliminary study. Arch Gen Psychiatry 47:435–440CrossRef
Baumeister D, Akhtar R, Ciufolini S et al (2016) Childhood trauma and adulthood inflammation: a meta-analysis of peripheral C-reactive protein, interleukin-6 and tumour necrosis factor-alpha. Mol Psychiatry 21:642–649CrossRef
Bear J, Michota FA Jr (2011) Nausea, vomiting, and panic attacks in a 50-year-old woman. Cleve Clin J Med 78:233–239CrossRef
Benkert I, Hippius H (2021) Kompendium der psychiatrischen Pharmakotherapie, 13. Aufl. Springer, BerlinCrossRef
Bergink V, Pop VJM, Nielsen PR et al (2018) Comorbidity of autoimmune thyroid disorders and psychiatric disorders during the postpartum period: a Danish nationwide register-based cohort study. Psychol Med 48:1291–1298CrossRef
Berridge MJ (2017) Vitamin D and depression: cellular and regulatory mechanisms. Pharmacol Rev 69:80–92CrossRef
Bilezikian JP (2018) Primary hyperparathyroidism. J Clin Endocrinol 103:3993–4004CrossRef
Bohrer T, Krannich JH (2007) Depression as a manifestation of latent chronic hypoparathyroidism. World J Biol Psychiatry 8:56–59CrossRef
Bollerslev J, Jansson S, Mollerup CL et al (2007) Medical observation, compared with parathyroidectomy, for asymptomatic primary hyperparathyroidism: a prospective, randomized trial. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 92:1687–1692CrossRef
Brown SW, Vyas BV, Spiegel DR (2007) Mania in a case of hyperparathyroidism. Psychosomatics 48:265–268CrossRef
Bilgin YM, van der Wiel HE, Fischer HR, De Herder WW (2007) Treatment of severe psychosis due to ectopic Cushing’s syndrome. J Endocrinol Invest 30:776–779CrossRef
Biondi B, Cappola AR, Cooper DS (2019) Subclinical hypothyroidism. A review. JAMA 322:153–160CrossRef
Bleuler M (1958) Das endokrine Psychosyndrom. In: Nowakowski H (Hrsg) Hormone und Psyche – die Endokrinologie des alternden Menschen. Symposion der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Endokrinologie, Bd 5. Springer, Berlin, S 4–12CrossRef
Bleuler M (1979) Endokrinologische Psychiatrie. In: Kisker KP, Meyer JE, Müller M (Hrsg) Psychiatrie der Gegenwart, Bd I/1, 2. Aufl. Springer, Berlin, S 257–342
Blum MR, Wijsman LW, Virgini VS et al (2016) Subclinical thyroid dysfunction and depressive symptoms among the elderly: a prospective cohort study. Neuroendocrinology 103:291–299CrossRef
Bode B, Ivens B, Bschor T et al (2021) Association of hypothyroidism and clinical Depression: a systematic review and meta-analysis. JAMA Psychiat 78:1375–1383CrossRef
Bommer M, Eversmann T, Pickardt R et al (1990) Psychopathological and neuropsychological symptoms in patients with subclinical and remitted hyperthyroidism. Klin Wochenschr 68:552–558CrossRef
Bono G, Fancellu R, Blandini F et al (2004) Cognitive and affective status in mild hypothyroidism and interactions with L-thyroxine treatment. Acta Neurol Scand 110:59–66CrossRef
Bochner F, Burke CJ, Lloyd HM, Nurnberg BI (1979) Intermittent Cushing’s disease. Am J Med 67:507–510CrossRef
Botello A, Herrán M, Salcedo V et al (2020) Prevalence of latent and overt polyautoimmunity in autoimmune thyroid disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 93:375–389CrossRef
Bourdeau I, Bard C, Forget H et al (2005) Cognitive function and cerebral assessment in patients who have Cushing’s syndrome. Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am 34:357–369CrossRef
Bourdeau I, Bard C, Noël B et al (2002) Loss of brain volume in endogenous Cushing’s syndrome and its reversibility after correction of hypercortisolism. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 87:1949–1954
Bratek A, Koźmin-Burzyńska A, Górniak E, Krysta K (2015) Psychiatric disorders associated with Cushing’s syndrome. Psychiatr Danub 27(suppl 1):S339–S343
Bram I (1927) Psychic trauma and pathogenesis of exophthalmic goiter. Endocrinology 11:106–116CrossRef
Brandt F, Almind D, Christensen K et al (2012) Excess mortality in hyperthyroidism: the influence of preexisting comorbidity and genetic confounding: a danish nationwide register-based cohort study of twins and singletons. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 97:4123–4129CrossRef
Brandt F, Thvilum M, Almind D et al (2013a) Hyperthyroidism and psychiatric morbidity: evidence from a Danish nationwide register study. Eur J Endocrinol 170:341–348CrossRef
Bridwell RE, Willis GC, Gottlieb M et al (2021) Decompensated hypothyroidism: a review for the emergency clinician. Am J Emerg Med 39:207–212CrossRef
Brockington I (2017) Non-reproductive triggers of postpartum psychosis. Arch Womens Ment Health 20:55–59CrossRef
Brownlie BE, Am R, Walshe W, Wells JE (2000) Psychoses associated with thyrotoxicosis – „thyrotoxic psychosis“. A report of 18 cases, with statistical analysis of incidence. Eur J Endocrinol 142:438–444CrossRef
Bruscolini A, Sacchetti M, La Cava M et al (2018) Quality of life and neuropsychiatric disorders in patients with Graves’ Orbitopathy: current concepts. Autoimmun Rev 17:639–643CrossRef
Bunevicius A, Leserman J, Girdler SS (2012) Hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis function in women with a menstrually related mood disorder: association with histories of sexual abuse. Psychosom Med 74:810–816CrossRef
Burns AJ, Sullivan KM, Koh EK et al (2020) Dopamine secreting adrenal tumor-ganglioneuroma rather than pheochromocytoma: case report. Gland Surg 9:2204–2210CrossRef
Carr ME Jr, Woods JW (1985) Electroconvulsive therapy in a patient with unsuspected pheochromocytoma. South Med J 78:613–615CrossRef
Carroll BJ (1976) Psychoendocrine relationships in affective disorders. In: Hill OW (Hrsg) Modern Trends in Psychosomatic Medicine, Bd 3. Butterworths, London, S 121–153
Carta MG, Moro MF (2018) Autoimmune thyroiditis and depression. JAMA Psychiat 75:1203–1204CrossRef
Casella C, Pata G, Di Betta E et al (2008) Neurological and psychiatric disorders in primary hyperparathyroidism: the role of parathyroidectomy. Ann Ital Chir 79:157–161
Ceccato F, Boscaro M (2016) Cushing’s syndrome: screening and diagnosis. High Blood Press Cardiovasc Prev 23:209–215CrossRef
Chai L, Ciullo S, Prasad R (2019) Case report of severe psychiatric sequelae in a 16-year-old female following resection of a purely dopamine-secreting ganglioneuroma. Int J Surg Case Rep 61:263–266CrossRef
Chaker L, Bianco AC, Jonklaas J, Peeters RP (2017) Hypothyroidism. Lancet 390:1550–1562CrossRef
Chaudhry HS, Singh G (2021) Cushing Syndrome. StatPearls [Internet]. StatPearls Publishing, Treasure Island (FL)
Checchi S, Brilli L, Guarino E et al (2005) Cyclic Cushing’s disease with paradoxical response to dexamethasone. J Endocrinol Invest 28:741–745CrossRef
Chen K, Krasner A, Li N et al (2019) Clinical burden and healthcare resource utilization among patients with chronic hypoparathyroidism, overall and by adequately vs not adequately controlled disease: a multi-country chart review. J Med Econ 22:1141–1152CrossRef
Cheng SY, Leonard JL, Davis PJ (2010) Molecular aspects of thyroid hormone actions. Endocr Rev 31:139–170CrossRef
Chiodini I, Cairoli E, Palmieri S et al (2018) Non classical complications of primary hyperparathyroidism. Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab 32:805–820CrossRef
Choi KW, Kim Y, Maurizio Fava M et al (2019) Increased morbidity of major depressive disorder after thyroidectomy: a nationwide population-based study in South Korea. Thyroid 29:1713–1722CrossRef
Clarke BL, Brown EM, Collins MT et al (2016) Epidemiology and diagnosis of hypoparathyroidism. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 101:2284–2299CrossRef
Cleghorn RA (1953) Psychologic changes in Addison’s disease. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 13:1291–1293CrossRef
Cohen SI (1980) Cushing’s syndrome: a psychiatric study of 29 patients. Br J Psychiatry 136:120–124CrossRef
Cohen SI, Marks IM (1961) Prolonged organic psychosis with recovery in Addison’s disease. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 24:366–368CrossRef
Cohen BM, Sommer BR, Vuckovic A (2018) Antidepressant-resistant depression in patients with comorbid subclinical hypothyroidism or high-normal TSH levels. Am J Psychiatry 175:598–604CrossRef
Coles T, Chen K, Nelson L et al (2019) Psychometric evaluation of the hypoparathyroidism symptom diary. Patient Relat Outcome Meas 10:25–36CrossRef
Constant EL, Adam S, Seron X, et al (2005) Anxiety and depression, attention, and executive functions in hypothyroidism. J Int Neuropsychol Soc 11:535–544
Cooper DS, Samuels MH (2020) Hyperthyroidism and dementia. Thyroid 30:648–650CrossRef
Corona G, Wu FCW, Forti G et al (2012) Thyroid hormones and male sexual function. Int J Androl 35:668–679CrossRef
Cosci F, Fava GA, Sonino N (2015) Mood and anxiety disorders as early manifestations of medical illness: a systematic review. Psychother Psychosom 84:22–29CrossRef
Coskuner ER, Ozkan B (2022) Premature ejaculation and endocrine disorders: a literature review. World J Mens Health 40:38–51CrossRef
Costache A, Riza AL, Popescu M et al (2020) TSH and T4 levels in a cohort of depressive patients. Curr Health Sci J 46:117–122
Cramon P, Winther KH, Watt T et al (2016) Quality-of-life impairments persist six Months after treatment of Graves’ hyperthyroidism and toxic nodular goiter: a prospective cohort study. Thyroid 26:1010–1018CrossRef
Daniels J, Turner-Cobb JM (2017) Adjuvant psychological therapy in long-term endocrine conditions. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 86:772–777CrossRef
Davies W (2017) Understanding the pathophysiology of postpartum psychosis: challenges and new approaches. World J Psychiatry 7:77–88CrossRef
Davis JD, Tremont G (2007) Neuropsychiatric aspects of hypothyroidism and treatment reversibility. Minerva Endocrinol 32:49–65
de Benoist B, Andersson M, Egli I et al (2004) Iodine status worldwide – WHO global database on iodine deficiency. Department of Nutrition for Health and Development. World Health Organization, Geneva
de Jongh RT, Lips P, van Schoor NM et al (2011) Endogenous subclinical thyroid disorders, physical and cognitive function, depression, and mortality in older individuals. Eur J Endocrinol 165:545–554CrossRef
De Leo S, Lee SY, Braverman LE (2016) Hyperthyroidism. Lancet 388:906–918CrossRef
Dold M, Bartova L, Mendlewicz J et al (2018) Clinical correlates of augmentation/combination treatment strategies in major depressive disorder. Acta Psychiatr Scand 137:401–412CrossRef
Dongier M, Wittkower ED, Stephens-Newsham L, Hoffman MM (1955) Psychophysiological studies in thyroid function. Psychosom Med 18:310–323CrossRef
Donzuso G, Mostile G, Nicoletti A, Zappia M (2019) Basal ganglia calcifications (Fahr’s syndrome): related conditions and clinical features. Neurol Sci 40:2251–2263CrossRef
Dubovsky AN, Arvikar S, Stern TA, Axelrod L (2012) The neuropsychiatric complications of glucocorticoid use: steroid psychosis revisited. Psychosomatics 53:103–115CrossRef
Edge J, Panieri E (2011) Phaeochromocytoma – a classic (but easily forgotten) cause of anxiety. Afr J Psychiatry (Johannesbg) 14:154–156
Dwyer JB, Aftab A, Radhakrishnan R et al (2020) Hormonal treatments for major depressive disorder: state of the art. Am J Psychiatry 177:686–705CrossRef
Ebel H, Schlegel U, Klosterkötter J (1992) Chronic schizophreniform psychosis in primary hyperparathyroidism. Nervenarzt 63:180–183
Engel GL, Schmale AH (1967) Eine psychoanalytische Theorie der somatischen Störung. Psyche 23:241–261
Engum A, Bjøro T, Mykletun A, Dahl AA (2005) Thyroid autoimmunity, depression and anxiety; are there any connections? An epidemiological study of a large population. J Psychosom Res 59:263–268CrossRef
Espiritu RP, Kearns AE, Vickers KS et al (2011) Depression in primary hyperparathyroidism: prevalence and benefit of surgery. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 96:E1737-1745CrossRef
Fahrenfort JJ, Wilterdink AML, Van Der Veen EA (2000) Long-term residual complaints and psychosocial sequelae after remission of hyperthyroidism. Psychoneuroendocrinology 25:201–211CrossRef
Farrugia FA, Charalampopoulos A (2019) Pheochromocytoma. Endocr Regul 53:191–212CrossRef
Farrugia FA, Martikos G, Tzanetis P et al (2017) Pheochromocytoma, diagnosis and treatment: review of the literature. Endocr Regul 51:168–181CrossRef
Fava GA (1994) Affective disorders and endocrine disease. New insights from psychosomatic studies. Psychosomatics 35:341–353CrossRef
Fava M, Labbate LA, Abraham ME, Rosenbaum JF (1995) Hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism in major depression revisited. J Clin Psychiatry 56:186–192
Feldman AZ, Rupendra T, Shrestha RT, Hennessey JV (2013) Neuropsychiatric manifestations of thyroid disease. Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am 42:453–476CrossRef
Feng GH, Kang CY, Yuan J et al (2019) Neuroendocrine abnormalities associated with untreated first episode patients with major depressive disorder and bipolar disorder. Psychoneuroendocrinology 107:119–123CrossRef
Fischer S, Ehlert U (2018) Hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid (HPT) axis functioning in anxiety disorders. A systematic review. Depress Anxiety 35:98–110CrossRef
Fjaellegaard K, Kvetny J, Allerup PN et al (2015) Well-being and depression in individuals with subclinical hypothyroidism and thyroid autoimmunity – a general population study. Nord J Psychiatry 69:73–78CrossRef
Forget H, Lacroix A, Bourdeau I, Cohen H (2016) Long-term cognitive effects of glucocorticoid excess in Cushing’s syndrome. Psychoneuroendocrinology 65:26–33CrossRef
Folkestad L, Brandt F, Lillevang-Johansen M et al (2020) Graves’ Disease and toxic nodular goiter, aggravated by duration of hyperthyroidism, are associated with Alzheimer’s and Vascular dementia: a registry-based long-term follow-up of two large cohorts. Thyroid 30:672–680CrossRef
Fountoulakis KN, Kantartzis S, Siamouli M et al (2006) Peripheral thyroid dysfunction in depression. World J Biol Psychiatry 7:131–137CrossRef
Freissmuth M (2020) Schilddrüse. In: Freissmuth M, Offermanns S, Böhm S (Hrsg) Pharmakologie und Toxikologie Von den molekularen Grundlagen zur Pharmakotherapie, 3 überarbeitete. Springer-Verlag GmbH Deutschland, Berlin, S 649–659CrossRef
Friedman MJ, Wang JJE et al (2005) Thyroid hormone alterations among women with posttraumatic stress disorder due to childhood sexual abuse. Biol Psychiatry 57:1186–1192CrossRef
Frimodt-Møller KE, Møllegaard Jepsen JR, Feldt-Rasmussen U, Krogh J (2019) Hippocampal volume, cognitive functions, depression, anxiety, and quality of life in patients with Cushing syndrome. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 104:4563–4577CrossRef
Fugger G, Dold M, Bartova L et al (2018) Comorbid thyroid disease in patients with major depressive disorder – results from the European Group for the Study of Resistant Depression (GSRD). Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 28:752–760CrossRef
Fukao A, Takamatsu J, Murakami Y et al (2003) The relationship of psychological factors to the prognosis of hyperthyroidism in antithyroid drug-treated patients with Graves’ disease. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 58:550–555CrossRef
Garmendia Madariaga A, Santos Palacios S, Guillén-Grima F, Galofré JC (2014) The incidence and prevalence of thyroid dysfunction in Europe: a meta-analysis. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 99:923–931CrossRef
Garnier KA, Ismail KA, Moylan S, Harvey R (2016) Thyroid function testing in an inpatient mental health unit. Australas Psychiatry 24:256–260CrossRef
Gatewood JW, Organ CH Jr, Mead BT (1975) Mental changes associated with hyperparathyroidism. Am J Psychiatry 132:129–132CrossRef
Gerson SN, Miclat R (1985) Cushing disease presenting as atypical psychosis followed by sudden death. Can J Psychiatry 30:223–224CrossRef
Girdler SS, Thompson KS, Light KC et al (2004) Historical sexual abuse and current thyroid axis profiles in women with premenstrual dysphoric disorder. Psychosom Med 66:403–410
Goodman JR, Roberts JA (1976) The unexpected pheochromocytoma. South Med J 69:374–376CrossRef
Grömer TW, Siegmann EM, Müller HHO (2018) Autoimmune Thyroiditis and Depression-Reply. JAMA Psychiat 75:1205–1206CrossRef
Guimarães JMN, de Souza LC, Baima J, Sichieri R (2009) Depression symptoms and hypothyroidism in a population-based study of middle-aged Brazilian women. J Affect Disord 117:120–123CrossRef
Guintivano J, Manuck T, Meltzer-Brody S (2018) Predictors of postpartum depression: a comprehensive review of the last decade of evidence. Clin Obstet Gynecol 61:591–603CrossRef
Hadker N, Egan J, Sanders J et al (2014) Understanding the burden of illness associated with hypoparathyroidism reported among patients in the PARADOX study. Endocr Pract 20:671–679CrossRef
Hall RC, Hall RC (1999) Anxiety and endocrine disease. Semin Clin Neuropsychiatry 4:72–83
Han M, Choi S, Kim S et al (2020) Association of thyroid status with health-related quality of life in Korean older adults. Korean J Fam Med 41:38–44CrossRef
Handwerger K (2009) Differential patterns of HPA activity and reactivity in adult posttraumatic stress disorder and major depressive disorder. Harv Rev Psychiatry 17:184–205CrossRef
Hansen N, Timäus C (2021) Autoimmune encephalitis with psychiatric features in adults: historical evolution and prospective challenge. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 128:1–14
Harris B, Othman S, Davies JA et al (1992) Association between postpartum thyroid dysfunction and thyroid antibodies and depression. BMJ 305:152–156CrossRef
Haviland MG, Sonne JL, Anderson DL et al (2006) Thyroid hormone levels and psychological symptoms in sexually abused adolescent girls. Child Abuse Negl 30:589–598CrossRef
Heim CM, Entringer S, Buss C (2019) Translating basic research knowledge on the biological embedding of early-life stress into novel approaches for the developmental programming of lifelong health. Psychoneuroendocrinology 105:123–137CrossRef
Hendrick V, Altshuler L, Whybrow P (1998) Psychoneuroendocrinology of mood disorders. The hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis. Psychiatr Clin North Am 21:277–292CrossRef
Himmerich H, Steinberg H (2011) Hormonelle Krankheits- und Therapiekonzepte in der Psychiatrie. Fortschr Neurol Psychiat 79:384–394CrossRef
Hirsch D, Orr G, Kantarovich V et al (2000) Cushing’s syndrome presenting as a schizophrenia-like psychotic state. Isr J Psychiatry Relat Sci 37:46–50
Hollowell JG, Staehling NW, Flanders WD et al (2002) Serum TSH, T(4), and thyroid antibodies in the United States population (1988 to 1994): National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III). J Clin Endocrinol Metab 87:489–499CrossRef
Hori H, Kim Y (2019) Inflammation and post-traumatic stress disorder. Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 73:143–153CrossRef
Ishihara Y, Sugawa T, Kaneko H et al (2019) The delayed diagnosis of thyroid storm in patients with psychosis. Intern Med 58:2195–2199CrossRef
Ittermann T, Völzke H, Baumeister SE et al (2015) Diagnosed thyroid disorders are associated with depression and anxiety. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 50:1417–1425CrossRef
Jadresic DP (1990) Psychiatric aspects of hyperthyroidism. J Psychosom Res 34:603–615CrossRef
Jänig W, Baron R (2019) Hypothalamus. In: Brandes R, Lang F, Schmidt RF (Hrsg) Physiologie des Menschen mit Pathophysiologie, 32. Aufl. Springer-Verlag GmbH Deutschland, Berlin, S 909–915CrossRef
Joborn C, Hetta J, Johansson H et al (1988a) Psychiatric morbidity in primary hyperparathyroidism. World J Surg 12:476–481CrossRef
Joborn C, Hetta J, Lind L et al (1989) Self-rated psychiatric symptoms in patients operated on because of primary hyperparathyroidism and in patients with long-standing mild hypercalcemia. Surgery 105:72–78
Joborn C, Hetta J, Niklasson F et al (1991) Cerebrospinal fluid calcium, parathyroid hormone, and monoamine and purine metabolites and the blood-brain barrier function in primary hyperparathyroidism. Psychoneuroendocrinology 16:311–322CrossRef
Joborn C, Hetta J, Rastad J et al (1988b) Psychiatric symptoms and cerebrospinal fluid monoamine metabolites in primary hyperparathyroidism. Biol Psychiatry 23:149–158CrossRef
Johnson J (1975) Schizophrenia and Cushing’s syndrome cured by adrenalectomy. Psychol Med 5:165–168CrossRef
Joffe RT, Pearce EN, Hennessey JV et al (2013) Subclinical hypothyroidism, mood, and cognition in older adults: a review. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 28:111–118CrossRef
Johnstone PA, Rundell JR, Esposito M (1990) Mental status changes of Addison’s disease. Psychosomatics 31:103–107CrossRef
Joseph-Bravo P, Jaimes-Hoy L, Charli JL (2015) Regulation of TRH neurons and energy homeostasis-related signals under stress. J Endocrinol 224:R139-159CrossRef
Joseph-Bravo P, Jaimes-Hoy L, Charli JL (2016) Advances in TRH signaling. Rev Endocr Metab Disord 17:545–558CrossRef
Juárez-Cedillo T, Basurto-Acevedo L, Vega-García S et al (2017) Prevalence of thyroid dysfunction and its impact on cognition in older mexican adults: (SADEM study). J Endocrinol Invest 40:945–952CrossRef
Judd LL, Schettler P, Brown ES et al (2014) Adverse consequences of glucocorticoid medication: psychological, cognitive, and behavioral effects. Am J Psychiatry 171:1045–1051CrossRef
Jung SJ, Kang JH, Roberts AL, et al (2019) Posttraumatic stress disorder and incidence of thyroid dysfunction in women. Psychol Med 49:2551–2560
Kahal H, Aye M, Rigby AS et al (2016) The effect of parathyroidectomy on neuropsychological symptoms and biochemical parameters in patients with asymptomatic primary hyperparathyroidism. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 76:196–200CrossRef
Kahaly GJ, Petrak F, Hardt J, Pitz S, Egle UT (2005) Psychosocial morbidity of Graves’ orbitopathy. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 63:395–402CrossRef
Kapfhammer HP (2017) Psychosomatische Medizin – Einleitung und Übersicht. In: Möller HJ, Laux G, Kapfhammer HP (Hrsg) Psychiatrie, Psychosomatik und Psychotherapie, 5. Aufl., Bd. 4. Springer Verlag GmbH Deutschland, 2645–2667
Kates WR, Mariano MA, Antshel KM et al (2019) Trajectories of psychiatric diagnoses and medication usage in youth with 22q11.2 deletion syndrome: a 9-year longitudinal study. Psychol Med 49:1914–1922CrossRef
Khan K, Jose A, Sharma S (2021) Physiology, parathyroid hormone. NCBI Bookshelf. A service of the National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health. StatPearls Publishing, Treasure Island, FL
Katon WJ (2006) Clinical practice. Panic disorder. N Engl J Med 354:2360–2367CrossRef
Kautzky A, Baldinger-Melich P, Kranz GS et al (2017) A new prediction model for evaluating treatment-resistant depression. J Clin Psychiatry 78:215–222CrossRef
Kelly T (2015) An examination of myth: a favorable cardiovascular risk-benefit analysis of high-dose thyroid for affective disorders. J Affect Disord 177:49–58CrossRef
Kenna HA, Poon AW, de los Angeles CP, Koran LM (2011) Psychiatric complications of treatment with corticosteroids: review with case report. Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 65:549–560CrossRef
Kerr DS, Campbell LW, Applegate MD et al (1991) Chronic stress-induced acceleration of electrophysiologic and morphometric biomarkers of hippocampal aging. J Neurosci 11:1316–1324CrossRef
Kim WB, Woo G, Kim H et al (2017) Thyroid stimulating hormone reference range and prevalence of thyroid dysfunction in the Korean population: Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2013 to 2015. Endocrinol Metab 32:106–114CrossRef
Kim H, Kim Y, Shin MH et al (2021) Risk of suicide attempt after thyroidectomy: a nationwide population study in South Korea. Psychiatry Investig 18:39–47CrossRef
Klecha AJ, Barreiro Arcos ML, Frick L et al (2008) Immune-endocrine interactions in autoimmune thyroid diseases. NeuroImmunoModulation 15:68–75CrossRef
Korevaar TIM, Derakhshan A, Taylor PN, et al – Consortium on Thyroid and Pregnancy—Study Group on Preterm Birth (2019) Association of thyroid function test abnormalities and thyroid autoimmunity with preterm birth: a systematic review and meta-analysis. JAMA 322:632–641
Kozarić-Kovacić D, Karlović D, Kocijan-Hercigonja D (2002) Elevation of serum total triiodothironine and free triiodothironine in Croatian veterans with combat-related post-traumatic stress disorder. Mil Med 167:846–849CrossRef
Krassas GE, Poppe K, Glinoer D (2010) Thyroid function and human reproductive health. Endocr Rev 31:702–755CrossRef
Krysiak R, Drosdzol-Cop A, Skrzypulec-Plinta V, Okopien B (2016) Sexual function and depressive symptoms in young women with thyroid autoimmunity and subclinical hypothyroidism. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 84:925–931CrossRef
Krysiak R, Kowalcze K, Okopień B (2019a) a) Sexual function and depressive symptoms in young women with overt hyperthyroidism. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 234:43–48CrossRef
Krysiak R, Marek B, Okopień B (2019b) Sexual function and depressive symptoms in men with overt hyperthyroidism. Endokrynol Pol 70:64–71CrossRef
Kuhs H (1998) Demaskierung eines Phäochromozytoms durch Amitriptylin. Nervenarzt 69:76–77CrossRef
Kuijpens JL, Vader HL, Drexhage HA et al (2001) Thyroid peroxidase antibodies during gestation are a marker for subsequent depression postpartum. Eur J Endocrinol 145:579–584CrossRef
Kunert Ł, Gawrychowski J, Sobiś J et al (2020) Depressive and anxiety disorders in patients with primary hyperparathyroidism. Psychiatr Pol 54:1091–1107CrossRef
Kvetny J, Ellervik C, Bech P (2015) Is suppressed thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) associated with subclinical depression in the Danish General Suburban Population Study? Nord J Psychiatry 69:282–286CrossRef
Lang F (2019) Kalzium-, Magnesium- und Phosphathaushalt. In: Brandes R, Lang F, Schmidt RF (Hrsg) Physiologie des Menschen mit Pathophysiologie, 32. Aufl. Springer-Verlag GmbH Deutschland, Berlin, S 445–456CrossRef
Lawlor BA (1988) Hypocalcemia, hypoparathyroidism, and organic anxiety syndrome. J Clin Psychiatry 49:317–318
Levenson JL (2006) Psychiatric issues in endocrinology. Prim Psychiatry 13:27–30
Lidz T (1949) Emotional factors in the etiology of hyperthyroidism. Psychosom Med 11:2–8
Lidz T (1955) Emotional factors in the etiology of hyperthyroidism occurring in relation to pregnancy; summary of eleven cases. Psychosom Med 17:420-427
Lidz T (1955) Psychosom Med. 17(6):420–427
Liu JY, Saunders ND, Chen A et al (2016) Neuropsychological changes in primary hyperparathyroidism after parathyroidectomy. Am Surg 82:839–845CrossRef
Ljunghall S, Jakobsson S, Joborn C et al (1991) Longitudinal studies of mild primary hyperparathyroidism. J Bone Miner Res 6(suppl 2):S111-116
Lang F, Föller M (2019) Schilddrüsenhormone. In: Brandes R, Lang F, Schmidt RF (Hrsg) Physiologie des Menschen mit Pathophysiologie, 32. Aufl. Springer-Verlag GmbH Deutschland, Berlin, S 932–936CrossRef
Lang XE, Hou X, Shangguan F, Zhang XY (2020) Prevalence and clinical correlates of subclinical hypothyroidism in first-episode drug-naive patients with major depressive disorder in a large sample of Chinese. J Affect Disord 263:507–515CrossRef
Laurent C, Capron J, Quillerou B et al (2016) Steroid-responsive encephalopathy associated with autoimmune thyroiditis (SREAT): characteristics, treatment and outcome in 251 cases from the literature. Autoimmun Rev 15:1129–1133CrossRef
La Vignera S, Vita R, Condorelli RA et al (2017) Impact of thyroid disease on testicular function. Endocrine 58:397–407CrossRef
Lacroix A, Feelders RA, Stratakis CA, Nieman LK (2015) Cushing’s syndrome. Lancet 386:913–927CrossRef
Lee S, Oh SS, Park EC, Jang SI (2019) Sex differences in the association between thyroid-stimulating hormone levels and depressive symptoms among the general population with normal free T4 levels. J Affect Disord 249:151–158CrossRef
Lefebvre H, Noblet C, Moore N, Wolf LM (1995) Pseudo-phaeochromocytoma after multiple drug interactions involving the selective monoamine oxidase inhibitor selegiline. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 42:95–98CrossRef
Levenson JA, Ferrando SJ (Hrsg) (2017) Clinical manual of psychopharmacotherapy in the medically ill, 2. Aufl. American Psychiatric Publishing, Arlington VA
Lever EG, Stansfeld SA (1983) Addison’s disease, psychosis, and the syndrome of inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone. Br J Psychiatry 143:406–410CrossRef
Lin TY, Hanna J, Ishak WW (2020) Psychiatric symptoms in Cushing’s syndrome: a systematic review. Innov Clin Neurosci 17:30–35
Loh KC (1999) Cyclical Cushing’s syndrome – a trap for the unwary. Singapore Med J 40:321–324
Malu AO, Sanusi BR, Obineche EN (1988) Addison’s disease presenting with marked eosinophilia and psychosis. Trop Geogr Med 40:241–243
Mamilla D, Gonzales MK, Esler MD, Pacak K (2019) Pseudopheochromocytoma. Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am 48:751–764CrossRef
Manger WM (2009) The protean manifestations of pheochromocytoma. Horm Metab Res 41:658–663CrossRef
Mandelbrote BM, Wittkower ED (1955) Emotional factors in Graves’ disease. Psychosom Med 17:109–123CrossRef
Martin-Grace J, Dineen R, Sherlock M, Thompson CJ (2020) Adrenal insufficiency: physiology, clinical presentation and diagnostic challenges. Clin Chim Acta 505:78–91CrossRef
Maseroli E, Corona G, Rastrelli G et al (2015) Prevalence of endocrine and metabolic disorders in subjects with erectile dysfunction: a comparative study. J Sex Med 12:956–965CrossRef
Mason J, Southwick S, Yehuda R, et al (1994) Elevation of serum free triiodothyronine, total triiodothyronine, thyroxine-binding globulin, and total thyroxine levels in combat-related posttraumatic stress disorder. Arch Gen Psychiatry 51:629–641
Mattsson B, Perris C (1970) Average evoked responses (AER) and homovanillic acid (HVA) in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in a psychotic patient with Addison’s disease. Arch Psychiatr Nervenkr 219:351–355CrossRef
McAllion SJ, Paterson CR (1989) Psychiatric morbidity in primary hyperparathyroidism. Postgrad Med J 65:628–631CrossRef
McEwen BS (1998) Stress, adaptation, and disease. Allostasis and allostatic load. Ann N Y Acad Sci 840:33–44CrossRef
McEwen BS, Bowles NP, Gray JD et al (2015) Mechanisms of stress in the brain. Nat Neurosci 18:1353–1363CrossRef
McFarland HR (1963) Addison´s disease and related psychoses. Compr Psychiatry 4:90–95CrossRef
Michael RP, Gibbons JL (1965) Interrelationships between the endocrine system and neuropsychiatry. Int Rev Neurobiol 5:243–302CrossRef
Miller BS, Auchus RJ (2020) Evaluation and treatment of patients with hypercortisolism: a review. JAMA Surg 155:1152–1159CrossRef
Minaldi E, D’Andrea S, Castellini C et al (2020) Thyroid autoimmunity and risk of post-partum depression: a systematic review and meta-analysis of longitudinal studies. J Endocrinol Invest 43:271–277CrossRef
Mizokami T, Li AW, El-Kaissi S, Wall JR (2004) Stress and thyroid autoimmunity. Thyroid 14:1047–1055CrossRef
Molitch ME (2017) Diagnosis and treatment of pituitary adenomas: a review. JAMA 317:516–524CrossRef
Moog NK, Entringer S, Heim C et al (2017ba) Influence of maternal thyroid hormones during gestation on fetal brain development. Neuroscience 342:68–100CrossRef
Moog NK, Heim CM, Entringer S et al (2017ab) Childhood maltreatment is associated with increased risk of subclinical hypothyroidism in pregnancy. Psychoneuroendocrinology 84:190–196CrossRef
Naafs JC, Heinen CA, Zwaveling-Soonawala N, et al (2020) Age-specific reference intervals for plasma free thyroxine and thyrotropin in term neonates during the first two weeks of life. Thyroid 30:1106–1111
Nanou E, Catterall WA (2018) Calcium channels, synaptic plasticity, and neuropsychiatric disease. Neuron 98:466–481CrossRef
Nexo MA, Watt T, Pedersen J et al (2014) Increased risk of long-term sickness absence, lower rate of return to work, and higher risk of unemployment and disability pensioning for thyroid patients: a Danish register-based cohort study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 99:3184–3192CrossRef
Nierenberg AA, Fava M, Trivedi MH et al (2006) A comparison of lithium and T(3) augmentation following two failed medication treatments for depression: a STAR*D report. Am J Psychiatry 163:1519–1530CrossRef
Niles AN, Dour HJ, Stanton AL et al (2015) Anxiety and depressive symptoms and medical illness among adults with anxiety disorders. J Psychosom Res 78:109–115CrossRef
Nowotny B, Teuber J, an der Heiden W, et al (1990) Die Rolle des TSH für psychische Veränderungen und Befindlichkeitsveränderungen bei Schilddrüsenfunktionsstörungen. Klin Wochenschr 68:964–970CrossRef
Offermanns S (2020a) Glucocorticoide. In: Freissmuth M, Offermanns S, Böhm S (Hrsg) Pharmakologie und Toxikologie. Von den molekularen Grundlagen zur Pharmakotherapie, 3. überarbeitete Aufl. Springer-Verlag GmbH Deutschland, Berlin, 607–620
Offermanns S (2020b) Ca2+- und Knochenstoffwechsel. In: Freissmuth M, Offermanns S, Böhm S (Hrsg) Pharmakologie und Toxikologie. Von den molekularen Grundlagen zur Pharmakotherapie, 3. überarbeitete Auflage, Springer-Verlag GmbH Deutschland, Berlin, 661–671
Okamoto T, Gerstein HC, Obara T (1997) Psychiatric symptoms, bone density and non-specific symptoms in patients with mild hypercalcemia due to primary hyperparathyroidism: a systematic overview of the literature. Endocr J 44:367–374CrossRef
Olff M, Güzelcan Y, de Vries GJ, et al (2006) HPA- and HPT-axis alterations in chronic posttraumatic stress disorder. Psychoneuroendocrinology 31:1220–1230
Otheman Y, KhalloufiI H, Benhima I, Ouanass A (2011) Manifestations neuropsychiatriques révélant une pseudohypoparathyroïdie avec un syndrome de Fahr. Encéphale 37:54–58CrossRef
Pan Y, Xie Q, Zhang Z et al (2020) Association between overt hyperthyroidism and risk of sexual dysfunction in both sexes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Sex Med 17:2198–2207CrossRef
Panicker V, Evans J, Bjøro T et al (2009) A paradoxical difference in relationship between anxiety, depression and thyroid function in subjects on and not on T4: findings from the HUNT study. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 71:574–580CrossRef
Papa A, Bononi F, Sciubba S et al (2003) Primary hyperparathyroidism: acute paranoid psychosis. Am J Emerg Med 21:250–251CrossRef
Papakostas GI, Cooper-Kazaz R, Appelhof BC et al (2009) Simultaneous initiation (coinitiation) of pharmacotherapy with triiodothyronine and a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor for major depressive disorder: a quantitative synthesis of double-blind studies. Int Clin Psychopharmacol 24:19–25CrossRef
Papadopoulos DP, Mourouzis I, Votteas V, Papademetriou V (2010) Depression masked as paroxysmal hypertension episodes. Blood Press 19:16–19CrossRef
Pariante CM (2009) Risk factors for development of depression and psychosis. Glucocorticoid receptors and pituitary implications for treatment with antidepressant and glucocorticoids. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1179:144–152CrossRef
Park S, Hieber R (2016) Acute psychosis secondary to suspected hyperparathyroidism: a case report and literature review. Ment Health Clin 6:304–307CrossRef
Parks KA, Parks CG, Onwuameze OE, Shrestha S (2017) Psychiatric complications of primary hyperparathyroidism and mild hypercalcemia. Am J Psychiatry 174:620–622CrossRef
Parry CH (1825) Collections from the unpublished medical writings of the late Caleb Hillier Parry, Bd 1. Underwoods, London, S 478–480
Paschke R, Harsch I, Schlote B et al (1990) Sequential psychological testing during the course of autoimmune hyperthyroidism. Klin Wochenschr 68:942–950CrossRef
Pasqualetti G, Pagano G, Rengo G et al (2015) Subclinical hypothyroidism and cognitive impairment: systematic review and meta-analysis. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 100:4240–4248CrossRef
Patten SB, Williams JV, Esposito E, Beck CA (2006) Self-reported thyroid disease and mental disorder prevalence in the general population. Gen Hosp Psychiatry 28:503–508CrossRef
Patten SB, Williams JVA, Lavorato DH et al (2018) Patterns of association of chronic medical conditions and major depression. Epidemiol Psychiatr Sci 27:42–50CrossRef
Paunkovic N, Paunkovic J, Pavlovic O, Paunovic Z (1998) The significant increase in incidence of Graves’ disease in eastern Serbia during the civil war in the former Yugoslavia (1992 to 1995). Thyroid 8:37–41CrossRef
Peterson SJ, Cappola AR, Castro MR et al (2018) An online survey of hypothyroid patients demonstrates prominent dissatisfaction. Thyroid 28:707–721CrossRef
Piasecka M, Papakokkinou E, Valassi E et al (2020) Psychiatric and neurocognitive consequences of endogenous hypercortisolism. J Intern Med 288:168–182CrossRef
Pivonello R, De Martino MC, De Leo M et al (2017) Cushing’s disease: the burden of illness. Endocrine 56:10–18CrossRef
Plaza A, Garcia-Esteve L, Ascaso C, et al (2010) JChildhood sexual abuse and hypothalamus-pituitary-thyroid axis in postpartum major depression. Affect Disord 122:159–163
Pollak TA, Lennox BR, Müller S et al (2020) Autoimmune psychosis: an international consensus on an approach to the diagnosis and management of psychosis of suspected autoimmune origin. Lancet Psychiatry 7:93–108CrossRef
Ponto KA, Binder H, Diana T et al (2015) Prevalence, phenotype, and psychosocial well-being in euthyroid/hypothyroid thyroid-associated orbitopathy. Thyroid 25:942–948CrossRef
Ponto KA, Osten-Sacken SVD, Elflein H et al (2020) Versorgungsrelevante Daten einer interdisziplinären Sprechstunde für endokrine Orbitopathie. Ophthalmologe 117:1105–1111CrossRef
Pop VJ, deRooy HA, Vader HL et al (1993) Microsomal antibodies during gestation in relation to postpartum thyroid dysfunction and depression. Acta Endocrinol 129:26–30
Putnam KT, Wilcox M, Robertson-Blackmore E et al (2017) Clinical phenotypes of perinatal depression and time of symptom onset: analysis of data from an International Consortium. Lancet Psychiatry 4:477–485CrossRef
Puzanov M, Davis H, Holmes EG (2019) A rare presentation of catatonia due to primary adrenal insufficiency. Psychosomatics 60:630–633CrossRef
Reed K, Watkins M, Dobson H (1983) Mania in Cushing’s syndrome: case report. J Clin Psychiatry 44:460–462
Rieben C, Segna D, da Costa BR et al (2016) Subclinical thyroid dysfunction and the risk of cognitive decline: a meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 101:4945–4954CrossRef
Riemer TG, Villagomez Fuentes LE, Algharably EAE et al (2021) Do β-Blockers cause depression?: systematic review and meta-analysis of psychiatric adverse events during β-blocker therapy. Hypertension 77:1539–1548CrossRef
Rio LM (2014) The hormone factor in mental health – bridging the mindbody gap. Jessica Kingsley Publishers, London
Ritter JL, Alexander B (1997) Retrospective study of selegiline-antidepressant drug interactions and a review of the literature. Ann Clin Psychiatry 9:7–13CrossRef
Rodewig K (1993) Psychosomatische Aspekte der Hyperthyreose unter besonderer Berücksichtigung des Morbus Basedow. Ein Überblick. Psychother Psychosom Med Psychol 43:271–277
Rodondi N, den Elzen WPJ, Bauer DC et al (2010) Subclinical hypothyroidism and the risk of coronary heart disease and mortality. JAMA 304:1365–1374CrossRef
Rao DS, Phillips ER, Divine GW, Talpos GB (2004) Randomized controlled clinical trial of surgery versus no surgery in patients with mild asymptomatic primary hyperparathyroidism. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 89:5415–5422CrossRef
Riley DM, Watt DC (1985) Hypercalcemia in the etiology of puerperal psychosis. Biol Psychiatry 20:479–488CrossRef
Rosenthal M, Gil I, Habot B (1997) Primary hyperparathyroidism: neuropsychiatric manifestations and case report. Isr J Psychiatry Relat Sci 34:122–125
Ruesch J (1948) The infantile personality: the core problem of psychosomatic medicine. Psychosom Med 10:134–144CrossRef
Saad MF, Adams F, Mackay B et al (1984) Occult Cushing’s disease presenting with acute psychosis. Am J Med 76:759–766CrossRef
Samuels M (2008) Cognitive function in untreated hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism. Curr Opin Endocrinol Diabetes Obes 15:429–433CrossRef
Sapolsky RM, Krey LC, McEwen BS (1986) The neuroendocrinology of stress and aging: the glucocorticoid cascade hypothesis. Endocr Rev 7:284–301CrossRef
Sapolsky RM, Stein-Behrens BA, Armanini MP (1991) Long-term adrenalectomy causes loss of dentate gyrus and pyramidal neurons in the adult hippocampus. Exp Neurol 114:246–249CrossRef
Samuels MH (2014) Psychiatric and cognitive manifestations of hypothyroidism. Curr Opin Endocrinol Diabetes Obes 21:377–383CrossRef
Santos A, Resmini E, Pascual JC et al (2017ab) Psychiatric symptoms in patients with Cushing’s syndrome: prevalence, diagnosis and management. Drugs 77:829–842CrossRef
Santos A, Webb SM, Resmini E (2021) Psychological complications of Cushing’s syndrome. Curr Opin Endocrinol Diabetes Obes 28:325–329CrossRef
Sareen J, Cox BJ, Clara I, Asmundson GJ (2005) The relationship between anxiety disorders and physical disorders in the U.S. National Comorbidity Survey. Depress Anxiety 21:193–202CrossRef
Schindler H, Schanda H (1975) Akute psychotische Episode nach Adrenalektomie bei Cushing. Wien Klin Wochenschr 87:650–652
Schlagenhaufer F, Wagner-Jauregg J (1910) Beiträge zur Ätiologie und Pathologie des endemischen Kretinismus. Deuticke, Wien
Schultebraucks K, Wingenfeld K, Heimes J et al (2015) Cognitive function in patients with primary adrenal insufficiency (Addison’s disease). Psychoneuroendocrinology 55:1–7CrossRef
Schur M (1955) Some comments on the metapsychology of somatisation. Psychoanal Study Child 10:119–164CrossRef
Seifritz E, Hemmeter U, Pöldinger W et al (1994) Differential mood response to natural and synthetic corticosteroids after bilateral adrenalectomy: a case report. J Psychiatr Res 28:7–11CrossRef
Shapiro HI, Davis KA (2015) Hypercalcemia and primary hyperparathyroidism during lithium therapy. Am J Psychiatry 172:12–15CrossRef
Sheikh MA (2018) Child maltreatment, psychopathological symptoms, and onset of diabetes mellitus, hypothyroidism and COPD in adulthood. J Affect Disord 241:80–85CrossRef
Shen Y, Wu F, Zhou Y et al (2019) Association of thyroid dysfunction with suicide attempts in first-episode and drug naïve patients with major depressive disorder. J Affect Disord 259:180–185CrossRef
Shorey S, Chee CYI, Ng ED et al (2018) Prevalence and incidence of postpartum depression among healthy mothers: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Psychiatr Res 104:235–248CrossRef
Shorter E, Fink M (2010) Endocrine psychiatry: solving the riddle of melancholia. Oxford University Press, New York
Siegel S, Kirstein CF, Grzywotz A et al (2021) Neuropsychological functioning in patients with Cushing’s disease and Cushing’s syndrome. Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes 129:194–202CrossRef
Siegmann EM, Müller HHO, Helge HO, Caroline Luecke C, et al (2018) Association of depression and anxiety disorders with autoimmune thyroiditis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. JAMA Psychiat 75:577–584CrossRef
Simon NM, BlackerD KNB et al (2002) Hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism in anxiety disorders revisited: new data and literature review. J Affect Disord 69:209–217CrossRef
Soeters MR, van Zeijl CJJ, Boelen A et al (2011) Optimal management of Graves orbitopathy: a multidisciplinary approach. Neth J Med 69:302–308
Solomon BL, Schaaf M, Smallridge RC (1994) Psychologic symptoms before and after parathyroid surgery. Am J Med 96:101–106CrossRef
Song H, Fang F, Tomasson G et al (2018) Association of stress-related disorders with subsequent autoimmune disease. JAMA 319:2388–2400CrossRef
Sonino N, Peruzzi P (2009) A psychoneuroendocrinology service. Psychother Psychosom 78:346–351CrossRef
Sonino N, Navarrini C, Ruini C et al (2004) Persistent psychological distress in patients treated for endocrine disease. Psychother Psychosom 73:78–83CrossRef
Sonino N, Guidi J, Fava GA (2015) Psychological aspects of endocrine disease. J R Coll Physicians Edinb 45:55–59CrossRef
Spaggiari G, Setti M, Tagliavini S et al (2021) The hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal and -thyroid axes activation lasting one year after an earthquake swarm: results from a big data analysis. J Endocrinol Invest 44:1501–1513CrossRef
Stathatos N (2012) Thyroid physiology. Med Clin North Am 96:165–173CrossRef
Stöcker W (2019) T-Lymphozyten, autoreaktive. In: Gressner AM, Arndt T (Hrsg) Lexikon der Medizinischen Laboratoriumsdiagnostik. Springer Reference Medizin, Berlin, S 2319–2320
Simon JS, Evans D (1986) Pheochromocytoma, depression, and electroconvulsive therapy. Convuls Ther 2:296–298
Sonino N, Fava GA (2001) Psychiatric disorders associated with Cushing’s syndrome. Epidemiology, pathophysiology and treatment. CNS Drugs 15:361–373CrossRef
Sonino N, Fava GA (2002) CNS drugs in Cushing’s disease: pathophysiological and therapeutic implications for mood disorders. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 26:1011–1018CrossRef
Sonino N, Fava GA, Belluardo P et al (1993a) Course of depression in Cushing’s syndrome: response to treatment and comparison with Graves’ disease. Horm Res 39:202–206CrossRef
Sonino N, Fava GA, Boscaro M (1993b) A role for life events in the pathogenesis of Cushing’s disease. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 38:261–264CrossRef
Sonino N, Zielezny M, Fava GA et al (1996) Risk factors and long-term outcome in pituitary-dependent Cushing’s disease. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 81:2647–2652
Sonino N, Fava GA, Grandi S et al (1988) Stressful life events in the pathogenesis of Cushing’s syndrome. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 29:617–623CrossRef
Sonino N, Fava GA, Raffi AR et al (1998) Clinical correlates of major depression in Cushing’s disease. Psychopathology 31:302–306CrossRef
Sonino N, Fallo F, Fava GA (2010) Psychosomatic aspects of Cushing’s syndrome. Rev Endocr Metab Disord 11:95–104CrossRef
Stamm TJ, Lewitzka U, Sauer C, et al (2014) Supraphysiologic doses of levothyroxine as adjunctive therapy in bipolar depression: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. J Clin Psychiatry 75:162–168
Starkman MN (1988) Phenomenology and family history of affective disorder in Cushing’s disease. Am J Psychiatry 145:390–391CrossRef
Starkman MN (2013) Neuropsychiatric findings in Cushing syndrome and exogenous glucocorticoid administration. Endocrinol Metab Clin N Am 42:477–488CrossRef
Starkman MN, Schteingart DE, Schork MA (1981) Depressed mood and other psychiatric manifestations of Cushing’s syndrome: relationship to hormone levels. Psychosom Med 43:3–18CrossRef
Starkman MN, Zelnik TC, Nesse RM, Cameron OG (1985) Anxiety in patients with pheochromocytomas. Arch Intern Med 145:248–252CrossRef
Starkman MN, Gebarski SS, Berent S, Schteingart DE (1992) Hippocampal formation volume, memory dysfunction, and cortisol levels in patients with Cushing’s syndrome. Biol Psychiatry 32:756–765CrossRef
Starkman MN, Giordani B, Gebarski SS et al (1999) Decrease in cortisol reverses human hippocampal atrophy following treatment of Cushing’s disease. Biol Psychiatry 46:1595–1602CrossRef
Starkman MN, Giordani B, Gebarski SS, Schteingart DE (2003) Improvement in learning associated with increase in hippocampal formation volume. Biol Psychiatry 53:233–238CrossRef
Stein MT, Dickstein DP, Pine DS (2003) Anxiety and labile hypertension in a 16-year-old male: the value of biopsychosocial medicine. J Dev Behav Pediatr 24:301–305
Tang SX, Yi JJ, Calkins ME et al (2014) Psychiatric disorders in 22q11.2 deletion syndrome are prevalent but undertreated. Psychol Med 44:1267–1277CrossRef
Taylor PN, Albrecht D, Scholz A et al (2018) Global epidemiology of hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism. Nat Rev Endocrinol 14:301–316CrossRef
Terzolo M, Alì A, Pia A et al (1994) Cyclic Cushing’s syndrome due to ectopic ACTH secretion by an adrenal pheochromocytoma. J Endocrinol Invest 17:869–874CrossRef
Thase ME (2016) Managing medical comorbidities in patients with depression to improve prognosis. J Clin Psychiatry 77 Suppl 1:22–27
Thvilum M, Brandt F, Almind D et al (2013b) Excess mortality in patients diagnosed with hypothyroidism: a nationwide cohort study of singletons and twins. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 98:1069–1075CrossRef
Thvilum M, Brandt F, Almind D et al (2014) Increased psychiatric morbidity before and after the diagnosis of hypothyroidism: a nationwide register study. Thyroid 24:802–808CrossRef
Toloza FJK, Mao Y, Menon LP et al (2020) Association of thyroid function with posttraumatic stress disorder: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Endocr Pract 26:1173–1185CrossRef
Tonner DR, Schlechte JA (1993) Neurologic complications of thyroid and parathyroid disease. Med Clin North Am 77:251–263CrossRef
Tramunt B, Imbert P, Grunenwald S, et al (2019) Sight-threatening Graves’ orbitopathy: twenty years’ experience of a multidisciplinary thyroid-eye outpatient clinic. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 90:208–213
Tsai K, Leung AM (2021) Subclinical hyperthyroidism: a review of the clinical literature. Endocr Pract 27:254–260CrossRef
Tsatsoulis A (2006) The role of stress in the clinical expression of thyroid autoimmunity. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1088:382–395CrossRef
Underbjerg L, Sikjaer T, Mosekilde L, Rejnmark L (2014) Postsurgical hypoparathyroidism–risk of fractures, psychiatric diseases, cancer, cataract, and infections. J Bone Miner Res 29:2504–2510CrossRef
Vadiveloo T, Donnan PT, Cochrane L, Leese GP (2011) The Thyroid Epidemiology, Audit, and Research Study (TEARS): the natural history of endogenous subclinical hyperthyroidism. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 96:E1–E8CrossRef
van der Lely AJ, Foeken K, van der Mast RC, Lamberts SW (1991) Rapid reversal of acute psychosis in the Cushing syndrome with the cortisol-receptor antagonist mifepristone (RU 486). Ann Intern Med 114:143–144CrossRef
Varadaraj R, Cooper AJ (1986) Addison’s disease presenting with psychiatric symptoms. Am J Psychiatry 143:553–554CrossRef
Virili C, Fallahi P, Antonelli A et al (2018) Gut microbiota and Hashimoto’s thyroiditis. Rev Endocr Metab Disord 19:293–300CrossRef
Vita R, Lapa D, Trimarchi F, Benvenga S (2015) Stress triggers the onset and the recurrences of hyperthyroidism in patients with Graves’ disease. Endocrine 48:254–263CrossRef
Vogel A, Elberling TV, Hørding M et al (2007) Affective symptoms and cognitive functions in the acute phase of Graves’ thyrotoxicosis. Psychoneuroendocrinology 32:36–43CrossRef
Voth HM, Holman PS, Katz JB, Wallerstein RS (1970) Thyroid „hot spots“: their relationship to life stress. Psychosom Med 32:561–568CrossRef
Walker MD, Bilezikian JP (2021) Primary hyperparathyroidism. Endotext [Internet]. Comprehensiv Free Online Endocrinology Book, last update: April 19, 2021
Walker MD, Rubin M, Silverberg SJ (2013) Nontraditional manifestations of primary hyperparathyroidism. J Clin Densitom 16:40–47CrossRef
Walker MD, McMahon DJ, Inabnet WB et al (2009) Neuropsychological features in primary hyperparathyroidism: a prospective study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 94:1951–1958CrossRef
Watson LC, Marx CE (2002) New onset of neuropsychiatric symptoms in the elderly: possible primary hyperparathyroidism. Psychosomatics 43:413–417CrossRef
Weisman O, Guri Y, Gur RE et al (2017) Subthreshold psychosis in 22q11.2 deletion syndrome: multisite naturalistic study. Schizophr Bull 43:1079–1089CrossRef
Wagner-Jauregg J (1912) Myxödem und Kretinismus, Bd 1. Deuticke, Wien
Wallerstein RS, Holzman PS, Voth HM, Uhr N (1965) Thyroid „hot spots“: a psychophysiological study. Psychosom Med 27:508–523CrossRef
Walshaw PD, Gyulai L, Bauer M et al (2018) Adjunctive thyroid hormone treatment in rapid cycling bipolar disorder: a double-blind placebo controlled trial of levothyroxine (L-T4) and triiodothyronine (T3). Bipolar Disord 20:594–603CrossRef
Wang S (2006) Traumatic stress and thyroid function. Child Abuse Negl 30:585–588CrossRef
Wang Y, Wang H (2020) Effects of hypothyroidism and subclinical hypothyroidism on sexual function: a meta-analysis of studies using the Female Sexual Function Index. Sex Med 8:156–167CrossRef
Weiner H (1977) Graves` disease. Psychobiology and human disease. Elsevier-North Holland, New York, S 321–413
Weetman AP (2010) Immunity, thyroid function and pregnancy: molecular mechanisms. Nat Rev Endocrinol 6:311–318CrossRef
Weetman AP (2021) An update on the pathogenesis of Hashimoto’s thyroiditis. J Endocrinol Invest 44:883–890CrossRef
Wesseloo R, Kamperman AM, Bergink V, Pop VJM (2018) Thyroid peroxidase antibodies during early gestation and the subsequent risk of first-onset postpartum depression: a prospective cohort study. J Affect Disord 225:399–403CrossRef
Whybrow PC, Prange AJ, Treadway CR, Hill C (1969) Mental changes accompanying thyroid gland dysfunction. Arch Gen Psychiatr 20:48–63CrossRef
Wiersinga WM (2016) Clinical relevance of environmental factors in the pathogenesis of autoimmune thyroid disease. Endocrinol Metab 31:213–222CrossRef
Wiegand C, Soyka M (1990) Paranoid-halluzinatorische Psychose bei Morbus Addison. Nervenarzt 61:312–314
Williams GR (2008) Neurodevelopmental and neurophysiological actions of thyroid hormone. J Neuroendocrinol 20:784–794CrossRef
Winsa B, Adami HO, Bergström R et al (1991) Stressful life events and Graves’ disease. Lancet 338:1475–1479CrossRef
Wolkowitz OM, Burke H, Epel ES, Reus VI (2009) Glucocorticoids. Mood, memory, and mechanisms. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1179:19–40CrossRef
Wu EL, Chien IC, Lin CH et al (2013) Increased risk of hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism in patients with major depressive disorder: a population-based study. J Psychosom Res 74:233–237CrossRef
Yeshayahu Y, Tallett S, Pacak K et al (2011) When is a phaeo not a phaeo? Depression in an adolescent leading to a phaeochromocytoma-like biochemical profile. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 75:567–568CrossRef
Yu N, Donnan PT, Leese GP (2011) A record linkage study of outcomes in patients with mild primary hyperparathyroidism: the Parathyroid Epidemiology and Audit Research Study (PEARS). Clin Endocrinol 75:169–176CrossRef
Yudiarto FL, Muliadi L, Moeljanto D, Hartono B (2006) Neuropsychological findings in hyperthyroid patients. Acta Med Indones 38:6–10
Zanocco KA, Yeh MW (2017) Primary hyperparathyroidism: effects on bone health. Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am 46:87–104CrossRef
Zardawi IM (2013) Phaeochromocytoma masquerading as anxiety and depression. Am J Case Rep 14:161–163CrossRef
Zhao S, Chen Z, Wang X et al (2021) Increased prevalence of subclinical hypothyroidism in female hospitalized patients with depression. Endocrine 72:479–485CrossRef
Zhu Y, Wu X, Zhou R et al (2021) Hypothalamic-pituitary-end-organ axes: hormone function in female patients with major depressive disorder. Neurosci Bull 37:1176–1187CrossRef
Zielasek J, Bender G, Schlesinger S et al (2002) A woman who gained weight and became schizophrenic. Lancet 360:1392CrossRef
Metadaten
Titel
Endokrine Störungen
verfasst von
Hans-Peter Kapfhammer
Copyright-Jahr
2022
Verlag
Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Buch
Depression, Angst, traumatischer Stress und internistische Erkrankungen

Print ISBN: 978-3-662-65872-7

Electronic ISBN: 978-3-662-65873-4

Copyright-Jahr: 2022

DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-65873-4_9

Neu im Fachgebiet Psychiatrie

Demenzkranke durch Antipsychotika vielfach gefährdet

23.04.2024 Demenz Nachrichten

Wenn Demenzkranke aufgrund von Symptomen wie Agitation oder Aggressivität mit Antipsychotika behandelt werden, sind damit offenbar noch mehr Risiken verbunden als bislang angenommen.

Weniger postpartale Depressionen nach Esketamin-Einmalgabe

23.04.2024 Depression antepartal oder postpartal Nachrichten

Bislang gibt es kein Medikament zur Prävention von Wochenbettdepressionen. Das Injektionsanästhetikum Esketamin könnte womöglich diese Lücke füllen.

„Psychotherapie ist auch bei sehr alten Menschen hochwirksam!“

22.04.2024 DGIM 2024 Kongressbericht

Die Kombination aus Medikamenten und Psychotherapie gilt als effektivster Ansatz bei Depressionen. Das ist bei betagten Menschen nicht anders, trotz Besonderheiten.

Auf diese Krankheiten bei Geflüchteten sollten Sie vorbereitet sein

22.04.2024 DGIM 2024 Nachrichten

Um Menschen nach der Flucht aus einem Krisengebiet bestmöglich medizinisch betreuen zu können, ist es gut zu wissen, welche Erkrankungen im jeweiligen Herkunftsland häufig sind. Dabei hilft eine Internetseite der CDC (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention).

Bildnachweise