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Erschienen in: Der Gynäkologe 4/2016

31.03.2016 | Adipositas | Leitthema

Ernährung und Nahrungsergänzungsmittel zur Prävention

verfasst von: PD Dr. oec. troph. B.‑C. Zyriax

Erschienen in: Die Gynäkologie | Ausgabe 4/2016

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Zusammenfassung

Eine adäquate Ernährung und ein gesunder Lebensstil können das Risiko für Krebs und kardiovaskuläre Erkrankungen wirksam beeinflussen. Epidemiologischen Daten zufolge bestehen bei Frauen mit der geringsten Adhärenz im Hinblick auf Ernährungs- und Lebensstilempfehlungen eine 3‑fach erhöhte Krebsmortalität und ein 4‑fach erhöhtes Risiko für kardiovaskulären Tod. Erwiesenermaßen geht die Wirkung von Ernährung und Lebensstil weit über die Beeinflussung klassischer Risikofaktoren hinaus, beispielsweise über Effekte auf die Inflammation, epigenetische Prozesse und das Darmmikrobiom. Daher ist die Verbesserung von Ernährungs- und Lebensstilgewohnheiten ein wesentliches Ziel in der Prävention chronischer Erkrankungen. Ernährungsinterventionen sollten darauf abzielen, tierische Lebensmittel durch Obst, Gemüse, Hülsenfrüchte und Vollkornprodukte zu ersetzen und die Alkoholzufuhr einzuschränken. Darüber hinaus sollten ein stabiles Körpergewicht möglichst im Normbereich und ein normaler Taillenumfang angestrebt werden. Gesunde Frauen können den Mikronährstoffbedarf ganz wesentlich über eine adäquate Ernährung decken. Bei Älteren kann die Vitamin B12-Versorgung aufgrund einer atrophischen Gastritis und der Vitamin-D-Status durch Rückgang der körpereigenen Syntheseleistung unzureichend sein. Anders als Medikamente können Nahrungsergänzungsmittel ohne Wirksamkeitsnachweis durch klinische Studien auf den Markt gebracht werden. Derzeit ist die Evidenz für den Einsatz von Supplementen unzureichend, weshalb die pauschale Verwendung im Alltag nicht empfohlen wird. Der regelmäßige Gebrauch von Supplementen ohne ärztliche Rücksprache ist eine Gratwanderung zwischen Nutzen und Risiko aufgrund inadäquater Dosierungen, unbekannter Nebenwirkungen und Wechselwirkungen mit Medikamenten.
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Metadaten
Titel
Ernährung und Nahrungsergänzungsmittel zur Prävention
verfasst von
PD Dr. oec. troph. B.‑C. Zyriax
Publikationsdatum
31.03.2016
Verlag
Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Erschienen in
Die Gynäkologie / Ausgabe 4/2016
Print ISSN: 2731-7102
Elektronische ISSN: 2731-7110
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00129-016-3854-9

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