Skip to main content
Erschienen in: Current Neurology and Neuroscience Reports 3/2022

02.03.2022 | Movement Disorders (T. Simuni, Section Editor)

Essential Tremor—Do We Have Better Therapeutics? A Review of Recent Advances and Future Directions

verfasst von: Neil Shetty

Erschienen in: Current Neurology and Neuroscience Reports | Ausgabe 3/2022

Einloggen, um Zugang zu erhalten

Abstract

Purpose of Review

Essential tremor (ET) is a very common condition that significantly impacts quality of life. Current medical treatments are quite limited, and while surgical treatments like deep brain stimulation (DBS) can be very effective, they come with their own limitations as well as procedural risks. This article reviews updates on recent advances and future directions in the treatment of ET.

Recent Findings

A new generation of pharmacologic agents specifically designed for ET is in clinical trials. Advances in DBS technology continue to improve this therapy. MRI-guided focused ultrasound (MRgFUS) is now an approved noninvasive ablative treatment for ET that is effective and shows potential for continuing improvement. The first peripheral stimulation device for ET has also now been approved.

Summary

This article reviews updates on the treatment of ET, encompassing pharmacologic agents in clinical trials, DBS, MRgFUS, and noninvasive stimulation therapies. Recent treatment advances and future directions of development show a great deal of promise for ET therapeutics.
Literatur
1.
Zurück zum Zitat Louis ED, Ferreira JJ. How common is the most common adult movement disorder? Update on the worldwide prevalence of essential tremor. Mov Disord. 2010;25:534–41.PubMedCrossRef Louis ED, Ferreira JJ. How common is the most common adult movement disorder? Update on the worldwide prevalence of essential tremor. Mov Disord. 2010;25:534–41.PubMedCrossRef
2.
Zurück zum Zitat Louis ED, Ottman R. How many people in the USA have essential tremor? Deriving a population estimate based on epidemiological data. Tremor Hyperkinetic Mov. 2014;4:259.CrossRef Louis ED, Ottman R. How many people in the USA have essential tremor? Deriving a population estimate based on epidemiological data. Tremor Hyperkinetic Mov. 2014;4:259.CrossRef
3.
Zurück zum Zitat Louis ED, Gerbin M, Galecki M. Essential tremor 10, 20, 30, 40: clinical snapshots of the disease by decade of duration. Eur J Neurol Off J Eur Fed Neurol Soc. 2013;20:949–54. Louis ED, Gerbin M, Galecki M. Essential tremor 10, 20, 30, 40: clinical snapshots of the disease by decade of duration. Eur J Neurol Off J Eur Fed Neurol Soc. 2013;20:949–54.
4.
Zurück zum Zitat Bhatia KP, Bain P, Bajaj N, Elble RJ, Hallett M, Louis ED, Raethjen J, Stamelou M, Testa CM, Deuschl G. Consensus statement on the classification of tremors. From the Task Force on Tremor of the International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society. Mov Disord Off J Mov Disord Soc. 2018;33:75–87.CrossRef Bhatia KP, Bain P, Bajaj N, Elble RJ, Hallett M, Louis ED, Raethjen J, Stamelou M, Testa CM, Deuschl G. Consensus statement on the classification of tremors. From the Task Force on Tremor of the International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society. Mov Disord Off J Mov Disord Soc. 2018;33:75–87.CrossRef
5.
Zurück zum Zitat Rautakorpi I, Takala J, Marttila RJ, Sievers K, Rinne UK. Essential tremor in a Finnish population. Acta Neurol Scand. 1982;66:58–67.PubMedCrossRef Rautakorpi I, Takala J, Marttila RJ, Sievers K, Rinne UK. Essential tremor in a Finnish population. Acta Neurol Scand. 1982;66:58–67.PubMedCrossRef
6.
Zurück zum Zitat Lorenz D, Schwieger D, Moises H, Deuschl G. Quality of life and personality in essential tremor patients. Mov Disord Off J Mov Disord Soc. 2006;21:1114–8.CrossRef Lorenz D, Schwieger D, Moises H, Deuschl G. Quality of life and personality in essential tremor patients. Mov Disord Off J Mov Disord Soc. 2006;21:1114–8.CrossRef
7.
Zurück zum Zitat Louis ED, Barnes L, Albert SM, Cote L, Schneier FR, Pullman SL, Yu Q. Correlates of functional disability in essential tremor. Mov Disord. 2001;16:914–20.PubMedCrossRef Louis ED, Barnes L, Albert SM, Cote L, Schneier FR, Pullman SL, Yu Q. Correlates of functional disability in essential tremor. Mov Disord. 2001;16:914–20.PubMedCrossRef
8.
Zurück zum Zitat Busenbark KL, Nash J, Nash S, Hubble JP, Koller WC. Is essential tremor benign? Neurology. 1991;41:1982–3.PubMedCrossRef Busenbark KL, Nash J, Nash S, Hubble JP, Koller WC. Is essential tremor benign? Neurology. 1991;41:1982–3.PubMedCrossRef
9.
Zurück zum Zitat Zesiewicz TA, Elble RJ, Louis ED, Gronseth GS, Ondo WG, Dewey RB, Okun MS, Sullivan KL, Weiner WJ. Evidence-based guideline update: treatment of essential tremor. Neurology. 2011;77:1752–5.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Zesiewicz TA, Elble RJ, Louis ED, Gronseth GS, Ondo WG, Dewey RB, Okun MS, Sullivan KL, Weiner WJ. Evidence-based guideline update: treatment of essential tremor. Neurology. 2011;77:1752–5.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
10••.
Zurück zum Zitat Ferreira JJ, Mestre TA, Lyons KE, et al. MDS evidence-based review of treatments for essential tremor. Mov Disord. 2019;34:950–8. In this International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society commissioned review, the authors provide an evidence-based review of pharmacologic and surgical treatments for ET.PubMedCrossRef Ferreira JJ, Mestre TA, Lyons KE, et al. MDS evidence-based review of treatments for essential tremor. Mov Disord. 2019;34:950–8. In this International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society commissioned review, the authors provide an evidence-based review of pharmacologic and surgical treatments for ET.PubMedCrossRef
11.
Zurück zum Zitat Deuschl G, Raethjen J, Hellriegel H, Elble R. Treatment of patients with essential tremor. Lancet Neurol. 2011;10:148–61.PubMedCrossRef Deuschl G, Raethjen J, Hellriegel H, Elble R. Treatment of patients with essential tremor. Lancet Neurol. 2011;10:148–61.PubMedCrossRef
12.
Zurück zum Zitat Koller WC, Vetere-Overfield B. Acute and chronic effects of propranolol and primidone in essential tremor. Neurology. 1989;39:1587–8.PubMedCrossRef Koller WC, Vetere-Overfield B. Acute and chronic effects of propranolol and primidone in essential tremor. Neurology. 1989;39:1587–8.PubMedCrossRef
13.
Zurück zum Zitat Louis ED. Re-thinking the biology of essential tremor: from models to morphology. Parkinsonism Relat Disord. 2014;20:S88–93.PubMedCrossRef Louis ED. Re-thinking the biology of essential tremor: from models to morphology. Parkinsonism Relat Disord. 2014;20:S88–93.PubMedCrossRef
14.
Zurück zum Zitat Handforth A. Harmaline tremor: underlying mechanisms in a potential animal model of essential tremor. Tremor Hyperkinetic Mov. 2012;2:02-92-769–1. Handforth A. Harmaline tremor: underlying mechanisms in a potential animal model of essential tremor. Tremor Hyperkinetic Mov. 2012;2:02-92-769–1.
15.
Zurück zum Zitat De Zeeuw CI, Hoogenraad CC, Koekkoek SKE, Ruigrok TJH, Galjart N, Simpson JI. Microcircuitry and function of the inferior olive. Trends Neurosci. 1998;21:391–400.PubMedCrossRef De Zeeuw CI, Hoogenraad CC, Koekkoek SKE, Ruigrok TJH, Galjart N, Simpson JI. Microcircuitry and function of the inferior olive. Trends Neurosci. 1998;21:391–400.PubMedCrossRef
16.
Zurück zum Zitat Sasaki K, Bower JM, Llinás R. Multiple Purkinje cell recording in rodent cerebellar cortex. Eur J Neurosci. 1989;1:572–86.PubMedCrossRef Sasaki K, Bower JM, Llinás R. Multiple Purkinje cell recording in rodent cerebellar cortex. Eur J Neurosci. 1989;1:572–86.PubMedCrossRef
17.
Zurück zum Zitat Dykstra S, Engbers JDT, Bartoletti TM, Turner RW. Determinants of rebound burst responses in rat cerebellar nuclear neurons to physiological stimuli. J Physiol. 2016;594:985–1003.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Dykstra S, Engbers JDT, Bartoletti TM, Turner RW. Determinants of rebound burst responses in rat cerebellar nuclear neurons to physiological stimuli. J Physiol. 2016;594:985–1003.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
18.
Zurück zum Zitat Pan M-K, Li Y-S, Wong S-B, et al. Cerebellar oscillations driven by synaptic pruning deficits of cerebellar climbing fibers contribute to tremor pathophysiology. Sci Transl Med. 2020;12:eaay1769.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Pan M-K, Li Y-S, Wong S-B, et al. Cerebellar oscillations driven by synaptic pruning deficits of cerebellar climbing fibers contribute to tremor pathophysiology. Sci Transl Med. 2020;12:eaay1769.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
19.
Zurück zum Zitat Matsumoto-Makidono Y, Nakayama H, Yamasaki M, Miyazaki T, Kobayashi K, Watanabe M, Kano M, Sakimura K, Hashimoto K. Ionic basis for membrane potential resonance in neurons of the inferior olive. Cell Rep. 2016;16:994–1004.PubMedCrossRef Matsumoto-Makidono Y, Nakayama H, Yamasaki M, Miyazaki T, Kobayashi K, Watanabe M, Kano M, Sakimura K, Hashimoto K. Ionic basis for membrane potential resonance in neurons of the inferior olive. Cell Rep. 2016;16:994–1004.PubMedCrossRef
20.
Zurück zum Zitat Molineux ML, McRory JE, McKay BE, Hamid J, Mehaffey WH, Rehak R, Snutch TP, Zamponi GW, Turner RW. Specific T-type calcium channel isoforms are associated with distinct burst phenotypes in deep cerebellar nuclear neurons. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2006;103:5555–60.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Molineux ML, McRory JE, McKay BE, Hamid J, Mehaffey WH, Rehak R, Snutch TP, Zamponi GW, Turner RW. Specific T-type calcium channel isoforms are associated with distinct burst phenotypes in deep cerebellar nuclear neurons. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2006;103:5555–60.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
22.
Zurück zum Zitat Gironell A. The GABA hypothesis in essential tremor: lights and shadows. Tremor Hyperkinetic Mov. 2014;4:254.CrossRef Gironell A. The GABA hypothesis in essential tremor: lights and shadows. Tremor Hyperkinetic Mov. 2014;4:254.CrossRef
23.
Zurück zum Zitat Uusisaari M, Knöpfel T. GABAergic synaptic communication in the GABAergic and non-GABAergic cells in the deep cerebellar nuclei. Neuroscience. 2008;156:537–49.PubMedCrossRef Uusisaari M, Knöpfel T. GABAergic synaptic communication in the GABAergic and non-GABAergic cells in the deep cerebellar nuclei. Neuroscience. 2008;156:537–49.PubMedCrossRef
24.
Zurück zum Zitat De Zeeuw CI, Van Alphen AM, Hawkins RK, Ruigrok TJ. Climbing fibre collaterals contact neurons in the cerebellar nuclei that provide a GABAergic feedback to the inferior olive. Neuroscience. 1997;80:981–6.PubMedCrossRef De Zeeuw CI, Van Alphen AM, Hawkins RK, Ruigrok TJ. Climbing fibre collaterals contact neurons in the cerebellar nuclei that provide a GABAergic feedback to the inferior olive. Neuroscience. 1997;80:981–6.PubMedCrossRef
25.
Zurück zum Zitat Lang EJ, Sugihara I, Llinás R. GABAergic modulation of complex spike activity by the cerebellar nucleoolivary pathway in rat. J Neurophysiol. 1996;76:255–75.PubMedCrossRef Lang EJ, Sugihara I, Llinás R. GABAergic modulation of complex spike activity by the cerebellar nucleoolivary pathway in rat. J Neurophysiol. 1996;76:255–75.PubMedCrossRef
26.
Zurück zum Zitat Park Y-G, Park H-Y, Lee CJ, Choi S, Jo S, Choi H, Kim Y-H, Shin H-S, Llinas RR, Kim D. CaV3.1 is a tremor rhythm pacemaker in the inferior olive. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2010;107:10731–6.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Park Y-G, Park H-Y, Lee CJ, Choi S, Jo S, Choi H, Kim Y-H, Shin H-S, Llinas RR, Kim D. CaV3.1 is a tremor rhythm pacemaker in the inferior olive. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2010;107:10731–6.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
27.
Zurück zum Zitat Paris-Robidas S, Brochu E, Sintes M, et al. Defective dentate nucleus GABA receptors in essential tremor. Brain J Neurol. 2012;135:105–16.CrossRef Paris-Robidas S, Brochu E, Sintes M, et al. Defective dentate nucleus GABA receptors in essential tremor. Brain J Neurol. 2012;135:105–16.CrossRef
28.
Zurück zum Zitat Louis ED, Faust PL, Vonsattel J-PG, et al. Neuropathological changes in essential tremor: 33 cases compared with 21 controls. Brain J Neurol. 2007;130:3297–307.CrossRef Louis ED, Faust PL, Vonsattel J-PG, et al. Neuropathological changes in essential tremor: 33 cases compared with 21 controls. Brain J Neurol. 2007;130:3297–307.CrossRef
29.
Zurück zum Zitat Boecker H, Weindl A, Brooks DJ, Ceballos-Baumann AO, Liedtke C, Miederer M, Sprenger T, Wagner KJ, Miederer I. GABAergic dysfunction in essential tremor: an 11C-flumazenil PET study. J Nucl Med Off Publ Soc Nucl Med. 2010;51:1030–5. Boecker H, Weindl A, Brooks DJ, Ceballos-Baumann AO, Liedtke C, Miederer M, Sprenger T, Wagner KJ, Miederer I. GABAergic dysfunction in essential tremor: an 11C-flumazenil PET study. J Nucl Med Off Publ Soc Nucl Med. 2010;51:1030–5.
30.
Zurück zum Zitat Kralic JE, Criswell HE, Osterman JL, O’Buckley TK, Wilkie ME, Matthews DB, Hamre K, Breese GR, Homanics GE, Morrow AL. Genetic essential tremor in γ-aminobutyric acidA receptor α1 subunit knockout mice. J Clin Invest. 2005;115:774–9.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Kralic JE, Criswell HE, Osterman JL, O’Buckley TK, Wilkie ME, Matthews DB, Hamre K, Breese GR, Homanics GE, Morrow AL. Genetic essential tremor in γ-aminobutyric acidA receptor α1 subunit knockout mice. J Clin Invest. 2005;115:774–9.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
31.
Zurück zum Zitat Handforth A, Homanics GE, Covey DF, Krishnan K, Lee JY, Sakimura K, Martin FC, Quesada A. T-type calcium channel antagonists suppress tremor in two mouse models of essential tremor. Neuropharmacology. 2010;59:380–7.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Handforth A, Homanics GE, Covey DF, Krishnan K, Lee JY, Sakimura K, Martin FC, Quesada A. T-type calcium channel antagonists suppress tremor in two mouse models of essential tremor. Neuropharmacology. 2010;59:380–7.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
32.
Zurück zum Zitat Papapetropoulos S, Lee MS, Versavel S, et al. A phase 2 proof-of-concept, randomized, placebo-controlled trial of CX-8998 in essential tremor. Mov Disord. 2021;36:1944–9.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Papapetropoulos S, Lee MS, Versavel S, et al. A phase 2 proof-of-concept, randomized, placebo-controlled trial of CX-8998 in essential tremor. Mov Disord. 2021;36:1944–9.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
34.
Zurück zum Zitat Richard M, Kaufmann P, Kornberger R, Dingemanse J. First-in-man study of ACT-709478, a novel selective triple T-type calcium channel blocker. Epilepsia. 2019;60:968–78.PubMedCrossRef Richard M, Kaufmann P, Kornberger R, Dingemanse J. First-in-man study of ACT-709478, a novel selective triple T-type calcium channel blocker. Epilepsia. 2019;60:968–78.PubMedCrossRef
36.
Zurück zum Zitat Adelman JP, Maylie J, Sah P. Small-conductance Ca2+-activated K+ channels: form and function. Annu Rev Physiol. 2012;74:245–69.PubMedCrossRef Adelman JP, Maylie J, Sah P. Small-conductance Ca2+-activated K+ channels: form and function. Annu Rev Physiol. 2012;74:245–69.PubMedCrossRef
37.
Zurück zum Zitat Womack MD, Khodakhah K. Somatic and dendritic small-conductance calcium-activated potassium channels regulate the output of cerebellar Purkinje neurons. J Neurosci. 2003;23:2600–7.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Womack MD, Khodakhah K. Somatic and dendritic small-conductance calcium-activated potassium channels regulate the output of cerebellar Purkinje neurons. J Neurosci. 2003;23:2600–7.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
40.
Zurück zum Zitat Schuurman PR, Bosch DA, Bossuyt PMM, Bonsel GJ, van Someren EJW, de Bie RMA, Merkus MP, Speelman JD. A comparison of continuous thalamic stimulation and thalamotomy for suppression of severe tremor. N Engl J Med. 2000;342:461–8.PubMedCrossRef Schuurman PR, Bosch DA, Bossuyt PMM, Bonsel GJ, van Someren EJW, de Bie RMA, Merkus MP, Speelman JD. A comparison of continuous thalamic stimulation and thalamotomy for suppression of severe tremor. N Engl J Med. 2000;342:461–8.PubMedCrossRef
41.
Zurück zum Zitat Schuurman PR, Bosch DA, Merkus MP, Speelman JD. Long-term follow-up of thalamic stimulation versus thalamotomy for tremor suppression. Mov Disord. 2008;23:1146–53.PubMedCrossRef Schuurman PR, Bosch DA, Merkus MP, Speelman JD. Long-term follow-up of thalamic stimulation versus thalamotomy for tremor suppression. Mov Disord. 2008;23:1146–53.PubMedCrossRef
42•.
Zurück zum Zitat Lu G, Luo L, Liu M, et al. Outcomes and adverse effects of deep brain stimulation on the ventral intermediate nucleus in patients with essential tremor. Neural Plast. 2020;2020:2486065. In this recent comprehensive meta-analysis of VIM DBS in ET, the authors provided updated detailed outcomes and safety data.PubMedPubMedCentral Lu G, Luo L, Liu M, et al. Outcomes and adverse effects of deep brain stimulation on the ventral intermediate nucleus in patients with essential tremor. Neural Plast. 2020;2020:2486065. In this recent comprehensive meta-analysis of VIM DBS in ET, the authors provided updated detailed outcomes and safety data.PubMedPubMedCentral
43.
Zurück zum Zitat Wharen RE, Okun MS, Guthrie BL, et al. Thalamic DBS with a constant-current device in essential tremor: a controlled clinical trial. Parkinsonism Relat Disord. 2017;40:18–26.PubMedCrossRef Wharen RE, Okun MS, Guthrie BL, et al. Thalamic DBS with a constant-current device in essential tremor: a controlled clinical trial. Parkinsonism Relat Disord. 2017;40:18–26.PubMedCrossRef
44.
Zurück zum Zitat Flora ED, Perera CL, Cameron AL, Maddern GJ. Deep brain stimulation for essential tremor: a systematic review. Mov Disord. 2010;25:1550–9.PubMedCrossRef Flora ED, Perera CL, Cameron AL, Maddern GJ. Deep brain stimulation for essential tremor: a systematic review. Mov Disord. 2010;25:1550–9.PubMedCrossRef
45.
Zurück zum Zitat Sydow O, Thobois S, Alesch F, Speelman J. Multicentre European study of thalamic stimulation in essential tremor: a six year follow up. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2003;74:1387–91.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Sydow O, Thobois S, Alesch F, Speelman J. Multicentre European study of thalamic stimulation in essential tremor: a six year follow up. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2003;74:1387–91.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
46.
Zurück zum Zitat Putzke JD, Wharen RE, Obwegeser AA, Wszolek ZK, Lucas JA, Turk MF, Uitti RJ. Thalamic deep brain stimulation for essential tremor: recommendations for long-term outcome analysis. Can J Neurol Sci J Can Sci Neurol. 2004;31:333–42.CrossRef Putzke JD, Wharen RE, Obwegeser AA, Wszolek ZK, Lucas JA, Turk MF, Uitti RJ. Thalamic deep brain stimulation for essential tremor: recommendations for long-term outcome analysis. Can J Neurol Sci J Can Sci Neurol. 2004;31:333–42.CrossRef
47.
Zurück zum Zitat Ondo W, Almaguer M, Jankovic J, Simpson RK. Thalamic deep brain stimulation: comparison between unilateral and bilateral placement. Arch Neurol. 2001;58:218–22.PubMedCrossRef Ondo W, Almaguer M, Jankovic J, Simpson RK. Thalamic deep brain stimulation: comparison between unilateral and bilateral placement. Arch Neurol. 2001;58:218–22.PubMedCrossRef
48.
Zurück zum Zitat Baizabal-Carvallo JF, Kagnoff MN, Jimenez-Shahed J, Fekete R, Jankovic J. The safety and efficacy of thalamic deep brain stimulation in essential tremor: 10 years and beyond. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2014;85:567–72.PubMedCrossRef Baizabal-Carvallo JF, Kagnoff MN, Jimenez-Shahed J, Fekete R, Jankovic J. The safety and efficacy of thalamic deep brain stimulation in essential tremor: 10 years and beyond. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2014;85:567–72.PubMedCrossRef
49.
Zurück zum Zitat Koller WC, Lyons KE, Wilkinson SB, Troster AI, Pahwa R. Long-term safety and efficacy of unilateral deep brain stimulation of the thalamus in essential tremor. Mov Disord. 2001;16:464–8.PubMedCrossRef Koller WC, Lyons KE, Wilkinson SB, Troster AI, Pahwa R. Long-term safety and efficacy of unilateral deep brain stimulation of the thalamus in essential tremor. Mov Disord. 2001;16:464–8.PubMedCrossRef
50.
Zurück zum Zitat Cury RG, Fraix V, Castrioto A, Fernández MAP, Krack P, Chabardes S, Seigneuret E, Alho EJL, Benabid A-L, Moro E. Thalamic deep brain stimulation for tremor in Parkinson disease, essential tremor, and dystonia. Neurology. 2017;89:1416–23.PubMedCrossRef Cury RG, Fraix V, Castrioto A, Fernández MAP, Krack P, Chabardes S, Seigneuret E, Alho EJL, Benabid A-L, Moro E. Thalamic deep brain stimulation for tremor in Parkinson disease, essential tremor, and dystonia. Neurology. 2017;89:1416–23.PubMedCrossRef
51.
Zurück zum Zitat Blomstedt P, Hariz G-M, Hariz MI, Koskinen L-OD. Thalamic deep brain stimulation in the treatment of essential tremor: a long-term follow-up. Br J Neurosurg. 2007;21:504–9.PubMedCrossRef Blomstedt P, Hariz G-M, Hariz MI, Koskinen L-OD. Thalamic deep brain stimulation in the treatment of essential tremor: a long-term follow-up. Br J Neurosurg. 2007;21:504–9.PubMedCrossRef
52.
Zurück zum Zitat Rehncrona S, Johnels B, Widner H, Törnqvist A-L, Hariz M, Sydow O. Long-term efficacy of thalamic deep brain stimulation for tremor: double-blind assessments. Mov Disord. 2003;18:163–70.PubMedCrossRef Rehncrona S, Johnels B, Widner H, Törnqvist A-L, Hariz M, Sydow O. Long-term efficacy of thalamic deep brain stimulation for tremor: double-blind assessments. Mov Disord. 2003;18:163–70.PubMedCrossRef
53.
Zurück zum Zitat Favilla CG, Ullman D, Wagle Shukla A, Foote KD, Jacobson CE IV, Okun MS. Worsening essential tremor following deep brain stimulation: disease progression versus tolerance. Brain. 2012;135:1455–62.PubMedCrossRef Favilla CG, Ullman D, Wagle Shukla A, Foote KD, Jacobson CE IV, Okun MS. Worsening essential tremor following deep brain stimulation: disease progression versus tolerance. Brain. 2012;135:1455–62.PubMedCrossRef
54.
Zurück zum Zitat Pilitsis JG, Metman LV, Toleikis JR, Hughes LE, Sani SB, Bakay RAE. Factors involved in long-term efficacy of deep brain stimulation of the thalamus for essential tremor: Clinical article. J Neurosurg. 2008;109:640–6.PubMedCrossRef Pilitsis JG, Metman LV, Toleikis JR, Hughes LE, Sani SB, Bakay RAE. Factors involved in long-term efficacy of deep brain stimulation of the thalamus for essential tremor: Clinical article. J Neurosurg. 2008;109:640–6.PubMedCrossRef
55.
Zurück zum Zitat Hariz G-M, Blomstedt P, Koskinen L-OD. Long-term effect of deep brain stimulation for essential tremor on activities of daily living and health-related quality of life. Acta Neurol Scand. 2008;118:387–94.PubMedCrossRef Hariz G-M, Blomstedt P, Koskinen L-OD. Long-term effect of deep brain stimulation for essential tremor on activities of daily living and health-related quality of life. Acta Neurol Scand. 2008;118:387–94.PubMedCrossRef
56•.
Zurück zum Zitat Paschen S, Forstenpointner J, Becktepe J, Heinzel S, Hellriegel H, Witt K, Helmers A-K, Deuschl G. Long-term efficacy of deep brain stimulation for essential tremor: An observer-blinded study. Neurology. 2019;92:e1378–86. This long-term study of ET patients with VIM DBS most concretely demonstrated habituation as a real and distinct entity from ET disease progression.PubMedCrossRef Paschen S, Forstenpointner J, Becktepe J, Heinzel S, Hellriegel H, Witt K, Helmers A-K, Deuschl G. Long-term efficacy of deep brain stimulation for essential tremor: An observer-blinded study. Neurology. 2019;92:e1378–86. This long-term study of ET patients with VIM DBS most concretely demonstrated habituation as a real and distinct entity from ET disease progression.PubMedCrossRef
57.
Zurück zum Zitat Peters J, Tisch S. Habituation after deep brain stimulation in tremor syndromes: prevalence, risk factors and long-term outcomes. Front Neurol. 2021;12:1286.CrossRef Peters J, Tisch S. Habituation after deep brain stimulation in tremor syndromes: prevalence, risk factors and long-term outcomes. Front Neurol. 2021;12:1286.CrossRef
58.
Zurück zum Zitat Fasano A, Helmich RC. Tremor habituation to deep brain stimulation: Underlying mechanisms and solutions. Mov Disord. 2019;34:1761–73.PubMedCrossRef Fasano A, Helmich RC. Tremor habituation to deep brain stimulation: Underlying mechanisms and solutions. Mov Disord. 2019;34:1761–73.PubMedCrossRef
59••.
Zurück zum Zitat Rebelo P, Green AL, Aziz TZ, Kent A, Schafer D, Venkatesan L, Cheeran B. Thalamic directional deep brain stimulation for tremor: spend less, get more. Brain Stimulat. 2018;11:600–6. In the first study of chronic directional thalamic DBS, the authors demonstrated advantages of best directional vs omnidirectional parameters.CrossRef Rebelo P, Green AL, Aziz TZ, Kent A, Schafer D, Venkatesan L, Cheeran B. Thalamic directional deep brain stimulation for tremor: spend less, get more. Brain Stimulat. 2018;11:600–6. In the first study of chronic directional thalamic DBS, the authors demonstrated advantages of best directional vs omnidirectional parameters.CrossRef
60.
Zurück zum Zitat Rammo RA, Ozinga SJ, White A, Nagel SJ, Machado AG, Pallavaram S, Cheeran BJ, Walter BL. Directional stimulation in Parkinson’s disease and essential tremor: the Cleveland Clinic experience. Neuromodulation Technol Neural Interface. 2021. https://doi.org/10.1111/ner.13374. CrossRef Rammo RA, Ozinga SJ, White A, Nagel SJ, Machado AG, Pallavaram S, Cheeran BJ, Walter BL. Directional stimulation in Parkinson’s disease and essential tremor: the Cleveland Clinic experience. Neuromodulation Technol Neural Interface. 2021. https://​doi.​org/​10.​1111/​ner.​13374. CrossRef
61.
Zurück zum Zitat Tan H, Debarros J, He S, et al. Decoding voluntary movements and postural tremor based on thalamic LFPs as a basis for closed-loop stimulation for essential tremor. Brain Stimulat. 2019;12:858–67.CrossRef Tan H, Debarros J, He S, et al. Decoding voluntary movements and postural tremor based on thalamic LFPs as a basis for closed-loop stimulation for essential tremor. Brain Stimulat. 2019;12:858–67.CrossRef
62.
Zurück zum Zitat Jimenez-Shahed J. Device profile of the percept PC deep brain stimulation system for the treatment of Parkinson’s disease and related disorders. Expert Rev Med Devices. 2021;18:319–32.PubMedCrossRef Jimenez-Shahed J. Device profile of the percept PC deep brain stimulation system for the treatment of Parkinson’s disease and related disorders. Expert Rev Med Devices. 2021;18:319–32.PubMedCrossRef
63.
Zurück zum Zitat Herron JA, Thompson MC, Brown T, Chizeck HJ, Ojemann JG, Ko AL. Chronic electrocorticography for sensing movement intention and closed-loop deep brain stimulation with wearable sensors in an essential tremor patient. J Neurosurg. 2016;127:580–7.PubMedCrossRef Herron JA, Thompson MC, Brown T, Chizeck HJ, Ojemann JG, Ko AL. Chronic electrocorticography for sensing movement intention and closed-loop deep brain stimulation with wearable sensors in an essential tremor patient. J Neurosurg. 2016;127:580–7.PubMedCrossRef
64.
Zurück zum Zitat Yamamoto T, Katayama Y, Ushiba J, Yoshino H, Obuchi T, Kobayashi K, Oshima H, Fukaya C. On-demand control system for deep brain stimulation for treatment of intention tremor. Neuromodulation J Int Neuromodulation Soc. 2013;16:230–5 (discussion 235).CrossRef Yamamoto T, Katayama Y, Ushiba J, Yoshino H, Obuchi T, Kobayashi K, Oshima H, Fukaya C. On-demand control system for deep brain stimulation for treatment of intention tremor. Neuromodulation J Int Neuromodulation Soc. 2013;16:230–5 (discussion 235).CrossRef
65.
Zurück zum Zitat He S, Debarros J, Khawaldeh S, Pogosyan A, Mostofi A, Baig F, Pereira E, Brown P, Tan H. Closed-loop DBS triggered by real-time movement and tremor decoding based on thalamic LFPs for essential tremor. Annu Int Conf IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc Annu Int Conf. 2020;2020:3602–5. He S, Debarros J, Khawaldeh S, Pogosyan A, Mostofi A, Baig F, Pereira E, Brown P, Tan H. Closed-loop DBS triggered by real-time movement and tremor decoding based on thalamic LFPs for essential tremor. Annu Int Conf IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc Annu Int Conf. 2020;2020:3602–5.
66•.
Zurück zum Zitat He S, Baig F, Mostofi A, Pogosyan A, Debarros J, Green AL, Aziz TZ, Pereira E, Brown P, Tan H. Closed-loop deep brain stimulation for essential tremor based on thalamic local field potentials. Mov Disord. 2021;36:863–73. In this first study of clDBS triggered solely by thalamic LFPs, the authors demonstrated accurate tremor detection and effective tremor suppression in ET.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef He S, Baig F, Mostofi A, Pogosyan A, Debarros J, Green AL, Aziz TZ, Pereira E, Brown P, Tan H. Closed-loop deep brain stimulation for essential tremor based on thalamic local field potentials. Mov Disord. 2021;36:863–73. In this first study of clDBS triggered solely by thalamic LFPs, the authors demonstrated accurate tremor detection and effective tremor suppression in ET.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
67.
Zurück zum Zitat Su KG, Kim HM, Martinez V. Repeated group alternation as a programming strategy for essential tremor patients experiencing rapid habituation with deep brain stimulation treatment. Int J Neurosci. 2021;131:828–32.PubMedCrossRef Su KG, Kim HM, Martinez V. Repeated group alternation as a programming strategy for essential tremor patients experiencing rapid habituation with deep brain stimulation treatment. Int J Neurosci. 2021;131:828–32.PubMedCrossRef
68.
Zurück zum Zitat Petry-Schmelzer JN, Reker P, Pochmann J, Visser-Vandewalle V, Dembek TA, Barbe MT. Daily alternation of DBS settings does not prevent habituation of tremor suppression in essential tremor patients. Mov Disord Clin Pract. 2019;6:417–8.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Petry-Schmelzer JN, Reker P, Pochmann J, Visser-Vandewalle V, Dembek TA, Barbe MT. Daily alternation of DBS settings does not prevent habituation of tremor suppression in essential tremor patients. Mov Disord Clin Pract. 2019;6:417–8.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
69.
Zurück zum Zitat Seier M, Hiller A, Quinn J, Murchison C, Brodsky M, Anderson S. Alternating thalamic deep brain stimulation for essential tremor: a trial to reduce habituation. Mov Disord Clin Pract. 2018;5:620–6.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Seier M, Hiller A, Quinn J, Murchison C, Brodsky M, Anderson S. Alternating thalamic deep brain stimulation for essential tremor: a trial to reduce habituation. Mov Disord Clin Pract. 2018;5:620–6.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
70.
Zurück zum Zitat Solomon O, Palnitkar T, Patriat R, Braun H, Aman J, Park MC, Vitek J, Sapiro G, Harel N. Deep-learning based fully automatic segmentation of the globus pallidus interna and externa using ultra-high 7 Tesla MRI. Hum Brain Mapp. 2021;42:2862–79.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Solomon O, Palnitkar T, Patriat R, Braun H, Aman J, Park MC, Vitek J, Sapiro G, Harel N. Deep-learning based fully automatic segmentation of the globus pallidus interna and externa using ultra-high 7 Tesla MRI. Hum Brain Mapp. 2021;42:2862–79.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
71.
Zurück zum Zitat Al-Fatly B, Ewert S, Kübler D, Kroneberg D, Horn A, Kühn AA. Connectivity profile of thalamic deep brain stimulation to effectively treat essential tremor. Brain J Neurol. 2019;142:3086–98.CrossRef Al-Fatly B, Ewert S, Kübler D, Kroneberg D, Horn A, Kühn AA. Connectivity profile of thalamic deep brain stimulation to effectively treat essential tremor. Brain J Neurol. 2019;142:3086–98.CrossRef
72.
Zurück zum Zitat Fenoy AJ, Schiess MC. Comparison of tractography-assisted to atlas-based targeting for deep brain stimulation in essential tremor. Mov Disord Off J Mov Disord Soc. 2018;33:1895–901.CrossRef Fenoy AJ, Schiess MC. Comparison of tractography-assisted to atlas-based targeting for deep brain stimulation in essential tremor. Mov Disord Off J Mov Disord Soc. 2018;33:1895–901.CrossRef
73.
Zurück zum Zitat Horn A, Neumann W-J, Degen K, Schneider G-H, Kühn AA. Toward an electrophysiological “sweet spot” for deep brain stimulation in the subthalamic nucleus. Hum Brain Mapp. 2017;38:3377–90.PubMedPubMedCentral Horn A, Neumann W-J, Degen K, Schneider G-H, Kühn AA. Toward an electrophysiological “sweet spot” for deep brain stimulation in the subthalamic nucleus. Hum Brain Mapp. 2017;38:3377–90.PubMedPubMedCentral
74.
Zurück zum Zitat Horn A, Li N, Dembek TA, et al. Lead-DBS v2: towards a comprehensive pipeline for deep brain stimulation imaging. Neuroimage. 2019;184:293–316.PubMedCrossRef Horn A, Li N, Dembek TA, et al. Lead-DBS v2: towards a comprehensive pipeline for deep brain stimulation imaging. Neuroimage. 2019;184:293–316.PubMedCrossRef
75.
Zurück zum Zitat Barbe MT, Reker P, Hamacher S, et al. DBS of the PSA and the VIM in essential tremor: a randomized, double-blind, crossover trial. Neurology. 2018;91:e543–50.PubMedCrossRef Barbe MT, Reker P, Hamacher S, et al. DBS of the PSA and the VIM in essential tremor: a randomized, double-blind, crossover trial. Neurology. 2018;91:e543–50.PubMedCrossRef
76.
Zurück zum Zitat Dembek TA, Petry-Schmelzer JN, Reker P, et al. PSA and VIM DBS efficiency in essential tremor depends on distance to the dentatorubrothalamic tract. NeuroImage Clin. 2020;26:102235.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Dembek TA, Petry-Schmelzer JN, Reker P, et al. PSA and VIM DBS efficiency in essential tremor depends on distance to the dentatorubrothalamic tract. NeuroImage Clin. 2020;26:102235.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
77.
Zurück zum Zitat Fenoy AJ, Schiess MC. Deep brain stimulation of the dentato-rubro-thalamic tract: outcomes of direct targeting for tremor. Neuromodulation Technol Neural Interface. 2017;20:429–36.CrossRef Fenoy AJ, Schiess MC. Deep brain stimulation of the dentato-rubro-thalamic tract: outcomes of direct targeting for tremor. Neuromodulation Technol Neural Interface. 2017;20:429–36.CrossRef
78.
Zurück zum Zitat Zirh A, Reich SG, Dougherty PM, Lenz FA. Stereotactic thalamotomy in the treatment of essential tremor of the upper extremity: reassessment including a blinded measure of outcome. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 1999;66:772–5.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Zirh A, Reich SG, Dougherty PM, Lenz FA. Stereotactic thalamotomy in the treatment of essential tremor of the upper extremity: reassessment including a blinded measure of outcome. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 1999;66:772–5.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
79.
Zurück zum Zitat Tasker RR. Deep brain stimulation is preferable to thalamotomy for tremor suppression. Surg Neurol. 1998;49:145–53 (discussion 153-154).PubMedCrossRef Tasker RR. Deep brain stimulation is preferable to thalamotomy for tremor suppression. Surg Neurol. 1998;49:145–53 (discussion 153-154).PubMedCrossRef
80.
Zurück zum Zitat Pahwa R, Lyons KE, Wilkinson SB, Tröster AI, Overman J, Kieltyka J, Koller WC. Comparison of thalamotomy to deep brain stimulation of the thalamus in essential tremor. Mov Disord Off J Mov Disord Soc. 2001;16:140–3.CrossRef Pahwa R, Lyons KE, Wilkinson SB, Tröster AI, Overman J, Kieltyka J, Koller WC. Comparison of thalamotomy to deep brain stimulation of the thalamus in essential tremor. Mov Disord Off J Mov Disord Soc. 2001;16:140–3.CrossRef
81.
Zurück zum Zitat Young RF, Li F, Vermeulen S, Meier R. Gamma Knife thalamotomy for treatment of essential tremor: long-term results. J Neurosurg. 2010;112:1311–7.PubMedCrossRef Young RF, Li F, Vermeulen S, Meier R. Gamma Knife thalamotomy for treatment of essential tremor: long-term results. J Neurosurg. 2010;112:1311–7.PubMedCrossRef
82.
Zurück zum Zitat Lim S-Y, Hodaie M, Fallis M, Poon Y-Y, Mazzella F, Moro E. Gamma Knife thalamotomy for disabling tremor: a blinded evaluation. Arch Neurol. 2010;67:584–8.PubMedCrossRef Lim S-Y, Hodaie M, Fallis M, Poon Y-Y, Mazzella F, Moro E. Gamma Knife thalamotomy for disabling tremor: a blinded evaluation. Arch Neurol. 2010;67:584–8.PubMedCrossRef
83.
Zurück zum Zitat Witjas T, Carron R, Krack P, Eusebio A, Vaugoyeau M, Hariz M, Azulay JP, Régis J. A prospective single-blind study of Gamma Knife thalamotomy for tremor. Neurology. 2015;85:1562–8.PubMedCrossRef Witjas T, Carron R, Krack P, Eusebio A, Vaugoyeau M, Hariz M, Azulay JP, Régis J. A prospective single-blind study of Gamma Knife thalamotomy for tremor. Neurology. 2015;85:1562–8.PubMedCrossRef
84.
Zurück zum Zitat Ghanouni P, Pauly KB, Elias WJ, Henderson J, Sheehan J, Monteith S, Wintermark M. Transcranial MR-guided focused ultrasound: a review of the technology and neuro applications. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2015;205:150–9.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Ghanouni P, Pauly KB, Elias WJ, Henderson J, Sheehan J, Monteith S, Wintermark M. Transcranial MR-guided focused ultrasound: a review of the technology and neuro applications. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2015;205:150–9.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
85••.
Zurück zum Zitat Elias WJ, Lipsman N, Ondo WG, et al. A randomized trial of focused ultrasound thalamotomy for essential tremor. N Engl J Med. 2016;375:730–9. This pivotal randomized controlled trial demonstrated safety and efficacy of unilateral MRgFUS thalamotomy in ET and led to FDA approval.PubMedCrossRef Elias WJ, Lipsman N, Ondo WG, et al. A randomized trial of focused ultrasound thalamotomy for essential tremor. N Engl J Med. 2016;375:730–9. This pivotal randomized controlled trial demonstrated safety and efficacy of unilateral MRgFUS thalamotomy in ET and led to FDA approval.PubMedCrossRef
86.
Zurück zum Zitat Chang JW, Park CK, Lipsman N, et al. A prospective trial of magnetic resonance-guided focused ultrasound thalamotomy for essential tremor: Results at the 2-year follow-up. Ann Neurol. 2018;83:107–14.PubMedCrossRef Chang JW, Park CK, Lipsman N, et al. A prospective trial of magnetic resonance-guided focused ultrasound thalamotomy for essential tremor: Results at the 2-year follow-up. Ann Neurol. 2018;83:107–14.PubMedCrossRef
87.
Zurück zum Zitat Halpern CH, Santini V, Lipsman N, et al. Three-year follow-up of prospective trial of focused ultrasound thalamotomy for essential tremor. Neurology. 2019;93:e2284–93.PubMedCrossRef Halpern CH, Santini V, Lipsman N, et al. Three-year follow-up of prospective trial of focused ultrasound thalamotomy for essential tremor. Neurology. 2019;93:e2284–93.PubMedCrossRef
88.
Zurück zum Zitat Park Y-S, Jung NY, Na YC, Chang JW. Four-year follow-up results of magnetic resonance-guided focused ultrasound thalamotomy for essential tremor. Mov Disord. 2019;34:727–34.PubMedCrossRef Park Y-S, Jung NY, Na YC, Chang JW. Four-year follow-up results of magnetic resonance-guided focused ultrasound thalamotomy for essential tremor. Mov Disord. 2019;34:727–34.PubMedCrossRef
89.
Zurück zum Zitat Lipsman N, Schwartz ML, Huang Y, Lee L, Sankar T, Chapman M, Hynynen K, Lozano AM. MR-guided focused ultrasound thalamotomy for essential tremor: a proof-of-concept study. Lancet Neurol. 2013;12:462–8.PubMedCrossRef Lipsman N, Schwartz ML, Huang Y, Lee L, Sankar T, Chapman M, Hynynen K, Lozano AM. MR-guided focused ultrasound thalamotomy for essential tremor: a proof-of-concept study. Lancet Neurol. 2013;12:462–8.PubMedCrossRef
90.
Zurück zum Zitat Kim M, Jung NY, Park CK, Chang WS, Jung HH, Chang JW. Comparative evaluation of magnetic resonance-guided focused ultrasound surgery for essential tremor. Stereotact Funct Neurosurg. 2017;95:279–86.PubMedCrossRef Kim M, Jung NY, Park CK, Chang WS, Jung HH, Chang JW. Comparative evaluation of magnetic resonance-guided focused ultrasound surgery for essential tremor. Stereotact Funct Neurosurg. 2017;95:279–86.PubMedCrossRef
91.
Zurück zum Zitat Boutet A, Ranjan M, Zhong J, et al. Focused ultrasound thalamotomy location determines clinical benefits in patients with essential tremor. Brain J Neurol. 2018;141:3405–14.CrossRef Boutet A, Ranjan M, Zhong J, et al. Focused ultrasound thalamotomy location determines clinical benefits in patients with essential tremor. Brain J Neurol. 2018;141:3405–14.CrossRef
92.
Zurück zum Zitat Zaaroor M, Sinai A, Goldsher D, Eran A, Nassar M, Schlesinger I. Magnetic resonance-guided focused ultrasound thalamotomy for tremor: a report of 30 Parkinson’s disease and essential tremor cases. J Neurosurg. 2018;128:202–10.PubMedCrossRef Zaaroor M, Sinai A, Goldsher D, Eran A, Nassar M, Schlesinger I. Magnetic resonance-guided focused ultrasound thalamotomy for tremor: a report of 30 Parkinson’s disease and essential tremor cases. J Neurosurg. 2018;128:202–10.PubMedCrossRef
93.
Zurück zum Zitat Mohammed N, Patra D, Nanda A. A meta-analysis of outcomes and complications of magnetic resonance-guided focused ultrasound in the treatment of essential tremor. Neurosurg Focus. 2018;44:E4.PubMedCrossRef Mohammed N, Patra D, Nanda A. A meta-analysis of outcomes and complications of magnetic resonance-guided focused ultrasound in the treatment of essential tremor. Neurosurg Focus. 2018;44:E4.PubMedCrossRef
95.
Zurück zum Zitat Fishman PS, Elias WJ, Ghanouni P, et al. Neurological adverse event profile of magnetic resonance imaging–guided focused ultrasound thalamotomy for essential tremor. Mov Disord. 2018;33:843–7.PubMedCrossRef Fishman PS, Elias WJ, Ghanouni P, et al. Neurological adverse event profile of magnetic resonance imaging–guided focused ultrasound thalamotomy for essential tremor. Mov Disord. 2018;33:843–7.PubMedCrossRef
96.
Zurück zum Zitat Abe K, Horisawa S, Yamaguchi T, et al. Focused ultrasound thalamotomy for refractory essential tremor: a Japanese multicenter single-arm study. Neurosurgery. 2021;88:751–7.PubMedCrossRef Abe K, Horisawa S, Yamaguchi T, et al. Focused ultrasound thalamotomy for refractory essential tremor: a Japanese multicenter single-arm study. Neurosurgery. 2021;88:751–7.PubMedCrossRef
97.
Zurück zum Zitat Sinai A, Nassar M, Eran A, Constantinescu M, Zaaroor M, Sprecher E, Schlesinger I. Magnetic resonance-guided focused ultrasound thalamotomy for essential tremor: a 5-year single-center experience. J Neurosurg. 2019;133:417–24 Sinai A, Nassar M, Eran A, Constantinescu M, Zaaroor M, Sprecher E, Schlesinger I. Magnetic resonance-guided focused ultrasound thalamotomy for essential tremor: a 5-year single-center experience. J Neurosurg. 2019;133:417–24
98.
Zurück zum Zitat Rohani M, Fasano A. Focused ultrasound for essential tremor: review of the evidence and discussion of current hurdles. Tremor Hyperkinetic Mov. 2017;7:462.CrossRef Rohani M, Fasano A. Focused ultrasound for essential tremor: review of the evidence and discussion of current hurdles. Tremor Hyperkinetic Mov. 2017;7:462.CrossRef
99.
Zurück zum Zitat Huss DS, Dallapiazza RF, Shah BB, Harrison MB, Diamond J, Elias WJ. Functional assessment and quality of life in essential tremor with bilateral or unilateral DBS and focused ultrasound thalamotomy. Mov Disord. 2015;30:1937–43.PubMedCrossRef Huss DS, Dallapiazza RF, Shah BB, Harrison MB, Diamond J, Elias WJ. Functional assessment and quality of life in essential tremor with bilateral or unilateral DBS and focused ultrasound thalamotomy. Mov Disord. 2015;30:1937–43.PubMedCrossRef
100•.
Zurück zum Zitat Giordano M, Caccavella VM, Zaed I, Manzillo LF, Montano N, Olivi A, Polli FM. Comparison between deep brain stimulation and magnetic resonance-guided focused ultrasound in the treatment of essential tremor: a systematic review and pooled analysis of functional outcomes. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2020;91:1270–8. In this recent systematic review and pooled analysis of outcomes, the authors compare DBS and MRgFUS.PubMedCrossRef Giordano M, Caccavella VM, Zaed I, Manzillo LF, Montano N, Olivi A, Polli FM. Comparison between deep brain stimulation and magnetic resonance-guided focused ultrasound in the treatment of essential tremor: a systematic review and pooled analysis of functional outcomes. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2020;91:1270–8. In this recent systematic review and pooled analysis of outcomes, the authors compare DBS and MRgFUS.PubMedCrossRef
101.
Zurück zum Zitat Harary M, Segar DJ, Hayes MT, Cosgrove GR. Unilateral thalamic deep brain stimulation versus focused ultrasound thalamotomy for essential tremor. World Neurosurg. 2019;126:e144–52.PubMedCrossRef Harary M, Segar DJ, Hayes MT, Cosgrove GR. Unilateral thalamic deep brain stimulation versus focused ultrasound thalamotomy for essential tremor. World Neurosurg. 2019;126:e144–52.PubMedCrossRef
102••.
Zurück zum Zitat Pouratian N, Baltuch G, Elias WJ, Gross R, on behalf of the American Society for Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgeons. American Society for Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery position statement on magnetic resonance-guided focused ultrasound for the management of essential tremor. Neurosurgery. 2020;87:E126–9. Based on evidence and expert consensus, the authors provide guidance on the use of MRgFUS.PubMedCrossRef Pouratian N, Baltuch G, Elias WJ, Gross R, on behalf of the American Society for Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgeons. American Society for Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery position statement on magnetic resonance-guided focused ultrasound for the management of essential tremor. Neurosurgery. 2020;87:E126–9. Based on evidence and expert consensus, the authors provide guidance on the use of MRgFUS.PubMedCrossRef
103••.
Zurück zum Zitat Iorio-Morin C, Yamamoto K, Sarica C, et al. Bilateral focused ultrasound thalamotomy for essential tremor (BEST-FUS phase 2 trial). Mov Disord. 2021;36:2653–62. This single-blind study of staged second side MRgFUS thalamotomy demonstrated a safety profile similar to unilateral treatment, contrary to initial assumptions about the safety of bilateral treatment.PubMedCrossRef Iorio-Morin C, Yamamoto K, Sarica C, et al. Bilateral focused ultrasound thalamotomy for essential tremor (BEST-FUS phase 2 trial). Mov Disord. 2021;36:2653–62. This single-blind study of staged second side MRgFUS thalamotomy demonstrated a safety profile similar to unilateral treatment, contrary to initial assumptions about the safety of bilateral treatment.PubMedCrossRef
104.
Zurück zum Zitat Chazen JL, Sarva H, Stieg PE, Min RJ, Ballon DJ, Pryor KO, Riegelhaupt PM, Kaplitt MG. Clinical improvement associated with targeted interruption of the cerebellothalamic tract following MR-guided focused ultrasound for essential tremor. J Neurosurg. 2017;129:315–23.PubMedCrossRef Chazen JL, Sarva H, Stieg PE, Min RJ, Ballon DJ, Pryor KO, Riegelhaupt PM, Kaplitt MG. Clinical improvement associated with targeted interruption of the cerebellothalamic tract following MR-guided focused ultrasound for essential tremor. J Neurosurg. 2017;129:315–23.PubMedCrossRef
105.
Zurück zum Zitat Krishna V, Sammartino F, Agrawal P, Changizi BK, Bourekas E, Knopp MV, Rezai A. Prospective tractography-based targeting for improved safety of focused ultrasound thalamotomy. Neurosurgery. 2019;84:160–8.PubMedCrossRef Krishna V, Sammartino F, Agrawal P, Changizi BK, Bourekas E, Knopp MV, Rezai A. Prospective tractography-based targeting for improved safety of focused ultrasound thalamotomy. Neurosurgery. 2019;84:160–8.PubMedCrossRef
106.
Zurück zum Zitat Miller TR, Zhuo J, Eisenberg HM, Fishman PS, Melhem ER, Gullapalli R, Gandhi D. Targeting of the dentato-rubro-thalamic tract for MR-guided focused ultrasound treatment of essential tremor. Neuroradiol J. 2019;32:401–7.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Miller TR, Zhuo J, Eisenberg HM, Fishman PS, Melhem ER, Gullapalli R, Gandhi D. Targeting of the dentato-rubro-thalamic tract for MR-guided focused ultrasound treatment of essential tremor. Neuroradiol J. 2019;32:401–7.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
107.
Zurück zum Zitat Godeiro C, França C, Carra RB, et al. Use of non-invasive stimulation in movement disorders: a critical review. Arq Neuropsiquiatr. 2021;79:630–46.PubMedCrossRef Godeiro C, França C, Carra RB, et al. Use of non-invasive stimulation in movement disorders: a critical review. Arq Neuropsiquiatr. 2021;79:630–46.PubMedCrossRef
108.
Zurück zum Zitat Gironell A, Kulisevsky J, Lorenzo J, Barbanoj M, Pascual-Sedano B, Otermin P. Transcranial magnetic stimulation of the cerebellum in essential tremor: a controlled study. Arch Neurol. 2002;59:413–7.PubMedCrossRef Gironell A, Kulisevsky J, Lorenzo J, Barbanoj M, Pascual-Sedano B, Otermin P. Transcranial magnetic stimulation of the cerebellum in essential tremor: a controlled study. Arch Neurol. 2002;59:413–7.PubMedCrossRef
109.
Zurück zum Zitat Badran BW, Glusman CE, Austelle CW, et al. A double-blind, sham-controlled pilot trial of pre-supplementary motor area (Pre-SMA) 1 Hz rTMS to treat essential tremor. Brain Stimulat. 2016;9:945–7.CrossRef Badran BW, Glusman CE, Austelle CW, et al. A double-blind, sham-controlled pilot trial of pre-supplementary motor area (Pre-SMA) 1 Hz rTMS to treat essential tremor. Brain Stimulat. 2016;9:945–7.CrossRef
110.
Zurück zum Zitat Shin H-W, Hallett M, Sohn YH. Cerebellar repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation for patients with essential tremor. Parkinsonism Relat Disord. 2019;64:304–7.PubMedCrossRef Shin H-W, Hallett M, Sohn YH. Cerebellar repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation for patients with essential tremor. Parkinsonism Relat Disord. 2019;64:304–7.PubMedCrossRef
111.
Zurück zum Zitat Olfati N, Shoeibi A, Abdollahian E, et al. Cerebellar repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) for essential tremor: a double-blind, sham-controlled, crossover, add-on clinical trial. Brain Stimulat. 2020;13:190–6.CrossRef Olfati N, Shoeibi A, Abdollahian E, et al. Cerebellar repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) for essential tremor: a double-blind, sham-controlled, crossover, add-on clinical trial. Brain Stimulat. 2020;13:190–6.CrossRef
112.
Zurück zum Zitat Gironell A, Martínez-Horta S, Aguilar S, Torres V, Pagonabarraga J, Pascual-Sedano B, Ribosa-Nogué R. Transcranial direct current stimulation of the cerebellum in essential tremor: a controlled study. Brain Stimulat. 2014;7:491–2.CrossRef Gironell A, Martínez-Horta S, Aguilar S, Torres V, Pagonabarraga J, Pascual-Sedano B, Ribosa-Nogué R. Transcranial direct current stimulation of the cerebellum in essential tremor: a controlled study. Brain Stimulat. 2014;7:491–2.CrossRef
113.
Zurück zum Zitat Pascual-Valdunciel A, Hoo GW, Avrillon S, Barroso FO, Goldman JG, Hernandez-Pavon JC, Pons JL. Peripheral electrical stimulation to reduce pathological tremor: a review. J NeuroEngineering Rehabil. 2021;18:33.CrossRef Pascual-Valdunciel A, Hoo GW, Avrillon S, Barroso FO, Goldman JG, Hernandez-Pavon JC, Pons JL. Peripheral electrical stimulation to reduce pathological tremor: a review. J NeuroEngineering Rehabil. 2021;18:33.CrossRef
114.
Zurück zum Zitat Lin PT, Ross EK, Chidester P, Rosenbluth KH, Hamner SR, Wong SH, Sanger TD, Hallett M, Delp SL. Noninvasive neuromodulation in essential tremor demonstrates relief in a sham-controlled pilot trial. Mov Disord Off J Mov Disord Soc. 2018;33:1182–3.CrossRef Lin PT, Ross EK, Chidester P, Rosenbluth KH, Hamner SR, Wong SH, Sanger TD, Hallett M, Delp SL. Noninvasive neuromodulation in essential tremor demonstrates relief in a sham-controlled pilot trial. Mov Disord Off J Mov Disord Soc. 2018;33:1182–3.CrossRef
115.
Zurück zum Zitat Pahwa R, Dhall R, Ostrem J, et al. An acute randomized controlled trial of noninvasive peripheral nerve stimulation in essential tremor. Neuromodulation J Int Neuromodulation Soc. 2019;22:537–45.CrossRef Pahwa R, Dhall R, Ostrem J, et al. An acute randomized controlled trial of noninvasive peripheral nerve stimulation in essential tremor. Neuromodulation J Int Neuromodulation Soc. 2019;22:537–45.CrossRef
116•.
Zurück zum Zitat Isaacson SH, Peckham E, Tse W, et al. Prospective home-use study on non-invasive neuromodulation therapy for essential tremor. Tremor Hyperkinetic Mov. 2020;10:29. In this large open-label trial, the authors demonstrated feasibility, safety, and efficacy of home use of the FDA-approved peripheral stimulation device for ET.CrossRef Isaacson SH, Peckham E, Tse W, et al. Prospective home-use study on non-invasive neuromodulation therapy for essential tremor. Tremor Hyperkinetic Mov. 2020;10:29. In this large open-label trial, the authors demonstrated feasibility, safety, and efficacy of home use of the FDA-approved peripheral stimulation device for ET.CrossRef
117.
Zurück zum Zitat Yu JY, Rajagopal A, Syrkin-Nikolau J, Shin S, Rosenbluth KH, Khosla D, Ross EK, Delp SL. Transcutaneous afferent patterned stimulation therapy reduces hand tremor for one hour in essential tremor patients. Front Neurosci. 2020;14:530300.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Yu JY, Rajagopal A, Syrkin-Nikolau J, Shin S, Rosenbluth KH, Khosla D, Ross EK, Delp SL. Transcutaneous afferent patterned stimulation therapy reduces hand tremor for one hour in essential tremor patients. Front Neurosci. 2020;14:530300.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
Metadaten
Titel
Essential Tremor—Do We Have Better Therapeutics? A Review of Recent Advances and Future Directions
verfasst von
Neil Shetty
Publikationsdatum
02.03.2022
Verlag
Springer US
Erschienen in
Current Neurology and Neuroscience Reports / Ausgabe 3/2022
Print ISSN: 1528-4042
Elektronische ISSN: 1534-6293
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11910-022-01185-8

Weitere Artikel der Ausgabe 3/2022

Current Neurology and Neuroscience Reports 3/2022 Zur Ausgabe

Neuro-Ophthalmology (H. Moss, Section Editor)

Visual Snow: Updates on Pathology

Neurorehabilitation and Recovery (J. Krakauer and T. Kitago, Section Editors)

Gamified Neurorehabilitation Strategies for Post-stroke Motor Recovery: Challenges and Advantages

Leitlinien kompakt für die Neurologie

Mit medbee Pocketcards sicher entscheiden.

Seit 2022 gehört die medbee GmbH zum Springer Medizin Verlag

Niedriger diastolischer Blutdruck erhöht Risiko für schwere kardiovaskuläre Komplikationen

25.04.2024 Hypotonie Nachrichten

Wenn unter einer medikamentösen Hochdrucktherapie der diastolische Blutdruck in den Keller geht, steigt das Risiko für schwere kardiovaskuläre Ereignisse: Darauf deutet eine Sekundäranalyse der SPRINT-Studie hin.

Frühe Alzheimertherapie lohnt sich

25.04.2024 AAN-Jahrestagung 2024 Nachrichten

Ist die Tau-Last noch gering, scheint der Vorteil von Lecanemab besonders groß zu sein. Und beginnen Erkrankte verzögert mit der Behandlung, erreichen sie nicht mehr die kognitive Leistung wie bei einem früheren Start. Darauf deuten neue Analysen der Phase-3-Studie Clarity AD.

Viel Bewegung in der Parkinsonforschung

25.04.2024 Parkinson-Krankheit Nachrichten

Neue arznei- und zellbasierte Ansätze, Frühdiagnose mit Bewegungssensoren, Rückenmarkstimulation gegen Gehblockaden – in der Parkinsonforschung tut sich einiges. Auf dem Deutschen Parkinsonkongress ging es auch viel um technische Innovationen.

Demenzkranke durch Antipsychotika vielfach gefährdet

23.04.2024 Demenz Nachrichten

Wenn Demenzkranke aufgrund von Symptomen wie Agitation oder Aggressivität mit Antipsychotika behandelt werden, sind damit offenbar noch mehr Risiken verbunden als bislang angenommen.

Update Neurologie

Bestellen Sie unseren Fach-Newsletter und bleiben Sie gut informiert.