nach oben

Pediatric Radiology

Erschienen in:

01.01.2012 | Advances in Fetal and Neonatal Imaging

Fetal genitourinary imaging

verfasst von: Teresa Chapman

Erschienen in: Pediatric Radiology | Sonderheft 1/2012

Einloggen, um Zugang zu erhalten

Abstract

The fetal urinary tract is routinely evaluated sonographically beginning in the first trimester with documentation of fetal bladder visualization. Fetal MR might be indicated to further clarify abnormalities found sonographically. The primary imaging modality for evaluation of the fetal kidney is US, which plays an important role in the detection of collecting system dilatation and parenchymal diseases that influence counseling and postnatal care. A commonly seen birth defect affecting the fetal kidney is pyelectasis. The significance of this finding has been extensively evaluated by a number of fetal imaging centers and will be presented in this review. Further topics of interest within the fetal genitourinary system include fetal renal parenchymal disorders and fetal bladder abnormalities. Characteristic imaging features, as well as developmental pathology and differential considerations, are discussed here.

Herndon CDA, McKenna PH, Kolon TF et al (1999) A multicenter outcomes analysis of patients with neonatal reflux presenting with prenatal hydronephrosis. J Urol 162:1203–1208PubMedCrossRef

Persutte WH, Koyle M, Lenke RR et al (1997) Mild pyelectasis ascertained with prenatal ultrasonography is pediatrically significant. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 10:12–18PubMedCrossRef

Kent A, Cox D, Downey P et al (2000) A study of mild fetal pyelectasia: outcome and proposed strategy of management. Prenat Diagn 20:206–209PubMedCrossRef

Sairam S, Al-Habib A, Sasson S et al (2001) Natural history of fetal hydronephrosis diagnosed on mid-trimester ultrasound. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 17:191–196PubMedCrossRef

Ismaili K, Hall M, Donner C et al (2003) Results of systematic screening for minor degrees of fetal renal pelvis dilatation in an unselected population. Am J Obstet Gynecol 188:242–246PubMedCrossRef

Odibo AO, Raab E, Elovitz M et al (2004) Prenatal mild pyelectasis evaluating the thresholds of renal pelvic diameter associated with normal postnatal renal function. J Ultrasound Med 23:513–517PubMed

Lee RS, Cendron M, Kinnamon DD et al (2006) Antenatal hydronephrosis as a predictor of postnatal outcome: a meta-analysis. Pediatrics 118:586–593PubMedCrossRef

Koff SA (1987) Problematic ureteropelvic junction obstruction. J Urol 138:390–397PubMed

Lebowitz RL, Olbing H, Parkkulainen KV et al (1985) International system of radiographic grading of vesicoureteric reflux. International Reflux Study in Children. Pediatr Radiol 15:105–109PubMedCrossRef

10.

Maizels M, Reisman ME, Flom LS et al (1992) Grading nephroureteral dilatation detected in the first year of life: correlation with obstruction. J Urol 148:609–614, discussion 615–616PubMed

11.

Fernbach SK, Maizels M, Conway JJ (1993) Ultrasound grading of hydronephrosis: introduction to the system used by the Society for Fetal Urology. Pediatr Radiol 23:478–480PubMedCrossRef

12.

Blane CE, DiPietro MA, Zerin JM et al (1993) Renal sonography is not a reliable screening examination for vesicoureteral reflux. J Urol 150:752–755PubMed

13.

Tibballs JM, DeBruyn R (1996) Primary vesicoureteral reflux: how useful is postnatal ultrasound? Arch Dis Child 75:444–447PubMedCrossRef

14.

Aksu N, Yavascan O, Kangin M et al (2005) Postnatal management of infants with antenatally detected hydronephrosis. Pediatr Nephrol 20:1253–1259PubMedCrossRef

15.

Mallik M, Watson AR (2008) Antenatally detected urinary tract abnormalities: more detection but less action. Pediatr Nephrol 23:897–904PubMedCrossRef

16.

Benacerraf BR, Mandell J, Estroff J (1990) Fetal pyelectasis: a possible association with Down syndrome. Obstet Gynecol 76:58–60PubMed

17.

Nyberg DA, Resta RG, Luthy DA et al (2001) Isolated sonographic markers for detection of fetal Down syndrome in the second trimester of pregnancy. J Ultrasound Med 20:1053–1063PubMed

18.

Bromley B, Lieberman E, Shipp TD et al (2002) The genetic sonogram: a method of risk assessment for Down syndrome in the second trimester. J Ultrasound Med 21:1087–1096PubMed

19.

American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (2007) Screening for fetal chromosomal abnormalities. Washington (DC): American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG practice bulletin; no. 77)

20.

Flashner SC, King LR (1976) Ureteropelvic junction. In: Clinical pediatric urology. WB Saunders, Philadelphia, PA, p 693

21.

Association AU (2010) Screening of the neonate/infant with prenatal hydronephrosis. American Urological Association Education and Research Inc., Bulletin Topic, 5

22.

Ebel KD (1998) Uroradiology in the fetus and newborn: diagnosis and follow-up of congenital obstruction of the urinary tract. Pediatr Radiol 28:630–635PubMedCrossRef

23.

O’Reilly P, Aurell M, Britton K et al (1996) Consensus on diuresis renography for investigating the dilated upper urinary tract. Radionuclides in Nephrourology Group. Consensus Committee on Diuresis Renography. J Nucl Med 37:1872–1876PubMed

24.

Cullen-McEwen LA, Caruana G, Bertram JF (2005) The where, what and why of the developing renal stroma. Nephron Exp Nephrol 99:1–8CrossRef

25.

Rosenblum ND (2008) Developmental biology of the human kidney. Seminar Fetal Neonatal Med 13:125–132CrossRef

26.

Rodriguez MM (2004) Developmental renal pathology: its past, present, and future. Fetal Pediatr Pathol 23:211–229PubMedCrossRef

27.

Ingraham SE, Saha M, Carpenter AR et al (2010) Pathogenesis of renal injury in the megabladder mouse: a genetic model of congenital obstructive nephropathy. Pediatr Res 68:500–507PubMedCrossRef

28.

Wang X, Zhou Y, Tan R et al (2010) Mice lacking the matrix metalloproteinase-9 gene reduce renal interstitial fibrosis in obstructive nephropathy. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 299:973–982CrossRef

29.

Aslam M, Watson AR (2006) Unilateral multicystic dysplastic kidney: long term outcomes. Arch Dis Child 91:820–823PubMedCrossRef

30.

Bergmann C, Senderek J, Kupper F et al (2004) PKHD1 mutations in autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease (ARPKD). Hum Mutat 23:453–463PubMedCrossRef

31.

Bergmann C, Senderek J, Windelen E et al (2005) Clinical consequences of PKHD1 mutations in 164 patients with autosomal-recessive polycystic kidney disease (ARPKD). Kidney Int 67:829–848PubMedCrossRef

32.

Wilson PD (2004) Polycystic kidney disease. N Engl J Med 350:151–164PubMedCrossRef

33.

Reuss A, Wladimiroff JW, Stewart PA et al (1990) Prenatal diagnosis by ultrasound in pregnancies at risk for autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease. Ultrasound Med Biol 16:355–359PubMedCrossRef

34.

Liu YP, Cheng SJ, Shih SL et al (2006) Autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease: appearance on fetal MRI. Pediatr Radiol 36:169PubMedCrossRef

35.

Mashiach R, Davidovits M, Eisenstein B et al (2005) Fetal hyperechogenic kidney with normal amniotic fluid volume: a diagnostic dilemma. Prenat Diagn 25:553–558PubMedCrossRef

36.

Tsatsaris V, Gagnadoux MF, Aubry MC et al (2002) Prenatal diagnosis of bilateral isolated fetal hyperechogenic kidneys. Is it possible to predict long term outcome? Br J Obstet Gynaecol 109:1388–1393CrossRef

37.

Woolf A (2008) Perspectives on human perinatal renal disease. Seminar Fetal Neonat Med 13:196–201CrossRef

38.

Decramer S, Parant O, Beaufils S et al (2007) Anomalies of the TCF2 gene are the main cause of fetal bilateral hyperechogenic kidneys. J Am Soc Nephrol 18:923–933PubMedCrossRef

39.

Sebire N, Kaisenberg CV, Rubio C et al (1996) Fetal megacystis at 10–14 weeks of gestation. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 8:387–390PubMedCrossRef

40.

Bronshtein M, Kushnir O, Ben-Rafael Z et al (1990) Transvaginal sonographic measurement of fetal kidneys in the first trimester of pregnancy. J Clin Ultrasound 18:299–301PubMedCrossRef

41.

Rosati P, Guariglia L (1996) Transvaginal sonographic assessment of the fetal urinary tract in early pregnancy. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 7:95–100PubMedCrossRef

42.

Sepulveda W (2004) Megacystis in the first trimester. Prenatal Diagn 24:144–149CrossRef

43.

Yiee J, Wilcox D (2008) Abnormalities of the fetal bladder. Semin Fetal Neonat Med 13:164–170CrossRef

Titel: Fetal genitourinary imaging
verfasst von: Teresa Chapman
Publikationsdatum: 01.01.2012
Verlag: Springer-Verlag
Erschienen in: Pediatric Radiology / Ausgabe Sonderheft 1/2012
Print ISSN: 0301-0449
Elektronische ISSN: 1432-1998
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00247-011-2172-6

Update Radiologie

Bestellen Sie unseren Fach-Newsletter und bleiben Sie gut informiert.

Newsletter bestellen

Springer Medizin

Fetal genitourinary imaging

Abstract

Neu im Fachgebiet Radiologie

Screening-Mammografie offenbart erhöhtes Herz-Kreislauf-Risiko

S3-Leitlinie zu Pankreaskrebs aktualisiert

Fünf Dinge, die im Kindernotfall besser zu unterlassen sind

„Nur wer sich gut aufgehoben fühlt, kann auch für Patientensicherheit sorgen“

Update Radiologie

Springer Medizin

Abstract

Bitte loggen Sie sich ein, um Zugang zu diesem Inhalt zu erhalten

Weitere Artikel der Sonderheft 1/2012

Novel applications of quantitative MRI for the fetal brain

Executive summary: advances in fetal and neonatal imaging

Fetal and neonatal bone health: update on bone growth and manifestations in health and disease

Neuroimaging biomarkers of preterm brain injury: toward developing the preterm connectome

Postnatal imaging of neonates with prenatally diagnosed genitourinary abnormalities: a practical approach

Low-dose fetal CT for evaluation of severe congenital skeletal anomalies: preliminary experience

Neu im Fachgebiet Radiologie

Screening-Mammografie offenbart erhöhtes Herz-Kreislauf-Risiko

S3-Leitlinie zu Pankreaskrebs aktualisiert

Fünf Dinge, die im Kindernotfall besser zu unterlassen sind

„Nur wer sich gut aufgehoben fühlt, kann auch für Patientensicherheit sorgen“

Update Radiologie