Background
Methods
Ethical clearance, study site and population
Specimen collection and processing
Multiplex PCR assays
HEp-2 adherence assay
DNA hybridization
Statistical analysis
Results
Pathogen | Children aged <2 years | Children aged 2−5 years | Children aged 6−10 years | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Cases | Controls | Cases | Controls | Cases | Controls | Total no. of children | |
(n= 40) | (n= 110) | (n= 53) | (n= 163) | (n= 48) | (n= 146) | (n= 560) | |
Diarrheagenic E. coli
| |||||||
aEPEC | 7 (17.5) | 13 (11.9) | 5 (9.4) | 13 (7.9) | 4 (8.3) | 7 (4.8) | 49 (8.7) |
tEPEC | 1 (2.5) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 (4.2) | 0 | 3 (0.5) |
EAEC | 20 (50) | 25 (22.7) | 12 (22.6) | 33 (20.2) | 4 (8.3) | 23 (15.7) | 117 (20.9) |
DAEC | 5 (12.5) | 10 (9.1) | 15 (28.3) | 18 (11.0)a
| 6 (12.5) | 11 (7.5) | 65 (11.6) |
LT-ETEC | 2 (5.0) | 1 (0.9) | 3 (5.7) | 2 (1.2) | 1 (2.1) | 4 (2.7) | 13 (2.3) |
LT/ST-ETEC | 0 | 0 | 1 (1.9) | 0 | 1 (2.1) | 0 | 2 (0.4) |
EIEC | 0 | 0 | 2 (3.8) | 0 | 0 | 1 (0.7) | 3 (0.5) |
STEC | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 (0.6) | 0 | 0 | 1 (0.2) |
All | 35 (87.5) | 49 (44.5)b
| 38 (71.7) | 67 (41.1)c
| 18 (37.5) | 46 (31.5) | 253 (45.2) |
Shigella spp. | 1 (2.5) | 0 | 2 (1.4) | 1 (0.6) | 0 | 0 | 4 (0.7) |
Salmonella spp. | 0 | 1 (0.9) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 (0.7) | 1 (0.2) |
Giardia lamblia
| 6 (15) | 5 (4.5) | 3 (5.7) | 8 (4.9) | 1 (2.1) | 0 | 23 (4.1) |
Entamoeba histolytica
| 0 | 0 | 1 (1.9) | 3 (1.8) | 1 (2.1) | 0 | 5 (0.9) |
Diagnostic test | N. (%) of isolates | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
(n=560) | EEC | EPEC | EAEC | DAEC |
PCR assay | 234 (41.8) | 52 (9.3) | 117 (20.9) | 65 (11.6) |
DNA probe | 206 (36.8) | 50 (8.9) | 99 (17.7) | 57 (10.2) |
HEp-2 adhesion | 252 (45) | 3 (0.5) | 145 (25.9) | 104 (18.6) |
Pathotype | Diagnostic test | Cases | Controls | p value |
---|---|---|---|---|
(n= 141) | (n= 419 | |||
ECC | PCR | 79 (56) | 155 (36.9) | 0.0001 |
DNA probe | 64 (45.4) | 142 (33.9) | 0.0156 | |
HEp-2 adhesion | 78 (55.3) | 174 (41.5) | 0.0046 | |
EAEC | PCR | 36 (25.5) | 81 (19.3) | 0.1210 |
DNA probe | 27 (19.1) | 72 (17.2) | 0.6107 | |
HEp-2 adhesion | 40 (28.4) | 105 (25) | 0.4385 | |
DAEC | PCR | 26 (18.4) | 39 (9.3) | 0.0057 |
DNA probe | 21 (14.9) | 36 (8.6) | 0.0369 | |
HEp-2 adhesion | 35 (24.8) | 69 (16.5) | 0.0336 | |
EPEC | PCR (eae) | 16 (11.3) | 33 (8.3) | 0.2280 |
PCR (bfpA) | 1 (0.7) | 2 (0.5) | 1.0000 | |
eae probe | 15 (10.6) | 32 (7.6) | 0.2923 | |
EAF probe | 1 (10.6) | 2 (0.5) | 1.0000 | |
HEp-2 adhesion | 1 (0.7) | 2 (0.5) | 1.0000 |