Skip to main content
Erschienen in: CardioVasc 4/2012

22.09.2012

Herztransplantation 2012

Ein Update

verfasst von: PD Dr. med. Thomas Pühler, Stephan Ensminger, Michael Benzinger, Andre Renner, Jochen Börgermann, Kavous Hakim, Michael Schoenbrodt, Michiel Morshuis, Olaf Oldenburg, Uwe Schulz, Jan Gummert

Erschienen in: CardioVasc | Ausgabe 4/2012

Einloggen, um Zugang zu erhalten

Abstract

Die orthotope Herztransplantation (HTX) hat sich in den letzten Jahrzehnten zu einer festen Größe in der Behandlung der terminalen Herzinsuffizienz entwickelt. Das Überleben in der Akutphase nach HTX liegt bei ca. 90%. Die Langzeitprognose mit einem Überleben von über 50% nach 11 Jahren geht einher mit der immer effizienteren und patientenadaptierten Immunsuppression und der intensiven Betreuung der Patienten in Spezialambulanzen. Aufgrund der Organknappheit hat sich die Wartezeit für hochdringliche Patienten blutgruppenabhängig verlängert und beträgt zurzeit für häufige Blutgruppen (z. B. Blutgruppe A und 0) bis zu 6 Monate. Dieses führt dazu, dass neben den medikamentösen Therapien mit Betablockern, ACE-Hemmern und Diuretika, die häufig zu einer anfänglichen Stabilisierung der Patienten beitragen, die Kunstherzsysteme als Alternative zur HTX in zunehmender Anzahl implantiert werden. Diese sind jedoch nach wie vor aufgrund zahlreicher Limitationen und dem im Vergleich zur HTX schlechteren Langzeitüberleben noch keine gleichwertige Alternative. Experimentelle Therapien, wie die Übertragung von artfremden Herzen (Xenotransplantation) oder in Bioreaktoren gezüchtetes Herzmuskelgewebe (Tissue Engineering), haben noch nicht den Sprung in die klinische Anwendung geschafft.

Literatur
  1. Carrel A, Guthrie CC: The transplantation of veins and organs. Am Med 1905; 10:1101.
  2. Carrel A: The surgery of blood vessels. Johns Hopkins Hosp Bull 1907; 18:18.
  3. Langer RM. Vladimir P. Demikhov, a pioneer of organ transplantation. Transplant Proc. 2011; 43(4):1221–2.
  4. Barnard CN: A human cardiac transplant: an interim report of a successful operation performed at Groote Schuur Hospital, Capetown. S Afr Med J 1967; 41:1271.PubMed
  5. Christie JD, Edwards LB, Kucheryavaya AY, Benden C, Dobbels F, Kirk R, Rahmel AO, Stehlik J, Hertz MI. The Registry of the International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation: Twenty-eighth Adult Lung and Heart-Lung Transplant Report 2011. J Heart Lung Transplant. 2011; 30(10):1104–22.PubMedView Article
  6. Francis GS, Greenberg BH, Hsu DT, Jaski BE, Jessup M, LeWinter MM, Pagani FD, Piña IL, Semigran MJ, Walsh MN, Wiener DH, Yancy CW Jr; ACCF/AHA/ACP Task Force. ACCF/AHA/ACP/HFSA/ISHLT 2010 clinical competence statement on management of patients with advanced heart failure and cardiac transplant: a report of the ACCF/AHA/ACP Task Force on Clinical Competence and Training. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2010 Jul 27; 56(5):424–53PubMedView Article
  7. Murali S, Kormos RL, Uretsky BF, Schechter D, Reddy PS, Denys BG, Armitage JM, Hardesty RL, Griffith BP. Preoperative pulmonary hemodynamics and early mortality after orthotopic cardiac transplantation: the Pittsburgh experience. Am Heart J. 1993; 126(4):896–904.PubMedView Article
  8. von Scheidt W, Costard-Jaeckle A, Stempfle HU, Deng MC, Schwaab B, Haaff B, Naegele H, Mohacsi P, Trautnitz M; PROPHET Study Group. Prostaglandin E1 testing in heart failure-associated pulmonary hypertension enables transplantation: the PROPHET study. J Heart Lung Transplant. 2006; 25(9):1070–6.View Article
  9. Spaderna H, Weidner G, Koch KC, Kaczmarek I, Wagner FM, Smits JM; Waiting for a New Heart Study Group. Medical and psychosocial predictors of mechanical circulatory support device implantation and competing outcomes in the Waiting for a New Heart Study. J Heart Lung Transplant. 2012; 31(1):16–26.PubMedView Article
  10. Lower RR, Shumway N. Studies on orthotopic homotransplantation of the canine heart. Surg Forum 1960, 11: 18–19PubMed
  11. Dreyfus G, Jebara V, Mihaileanu S, et al: Total orthotopic heart transplantation: an alternative to the standard technique. Ann Thorac Surg 1991; 52:1181.PubMedView Article
  12. Laske A, Carrel T, Niederhäuser U, Pasic M, von Segesser LK, Jenni R, Turina MI. Modified operation technique for orthotopic heart transplantation. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg. 1995; 9(3):120–6.PubMedView Article
  13. Shah M, Anderson AS, Jayakar D, Jeevanandam V, Feldman T. Balloon-expandable stent placement for superior vena cava-right atrial stenosis after heart transplantation. J Heart Lung Transplant. 2000; 19(7):705–9.PubMedView Article
  14. Sze DY, Robbins RC, Semba CP, Razavi MK, Dake MD. Superior vena cava syndrome after heart transplantation: percutaneous treatment of a complication of bicaval anastomoses. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 1998; 116(2):253–61.PubMedView Article
  15. Gummert JF, Funkat AK, Beckmann A, Ernst M, Hekmat K, Beyersdorf F, Schiller W.Cardiac surgery in Germany during 2010: a report on behalf of the German Society for Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2011; 59(5):259–67.PubMedView Article
  16. Heim C, Abele-Ohl S, Eckl S, Ramsperger-Gleixner M, Mahmoudian S, Weyand M, Stamminger T, Ensminger SM. Murine cytomegalovirus infection leads to increased levels of transplant arteriosclerosis in a murine aortic allograft model. Transplantation. 2010 27; 90(4):373–9.View Article
  17. Ikonen TS, Gummert JF, Serkova N, Hayase M, Honda Y, Kobayase Y, Hausen B, Yock PG, Christians U, Morris RE. Efficacies of sirolimus (rapamycin) and cyclosporine in allograft vascular disease in non-human primates: trough levels of sirolimus correlate with inhibition of progression of arterial intimal thickening. Transpl Int. 2000; 13 Suppl 1:S314–20.PubMedView Article
  18. Ikonen TS, Gummert JF, Hayase M, Honda Y, Hausen B, Christians U, Berry GJ, Yock PG, Morris RE. Sirolimus (rapamycin) halts and reverses progression of allograft vascular disease in non-human primates. Transplantation. 2000 Sep 27;70(6):969–75.PubMedView Article
  19. Gummert JF, Barten MJ, van Gelder T, Billingham ME, Morris RE. Pharmacodynamics of mycophenolic acid in heart allograft recipients: correlation of lymphocyte proliferation and activation with pharmacokinetics and graft histology. Transplantation. 2000 15;70(7):1038–49.PubMedView Article
  20. Bae JH, Rihal CS, Edwards BS, Kushwaha SS, Mathew V, Prasad A, Holmes DR Jr, Lerman A. Association of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and serum lipids with plaque regression in cardiac allograft vasculopathy. Transplantation. 2006 27;82(8):1108–11.PubMedView Article
  21. Mehra MR, Crespo-Leiro MG, Dipchand A, Ensminger SM, Hiemann NE, Kobashigawa JA, Madsen J, Parameshwar J, Starling RC, Uber PA. International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation working formulation of a standardized nomenclature for cardiac allograft vasculopathy 2010. J Heart Lung Transplant. 2010;29:717–727.PubMedView Article
  22. Subramanian V, Ramachandran S, Klein C, Wellen JR, Shenoy S, Chapman WC, Mohanakumar T. ABO-incompatible organ transplantation. Int J Immunogenet. 2012 Feb 18
  23. Emin A, Rogers CA, Thekkudan J, Bonser RS, Banner NR; Steering Group, UK Cardiothoracic Transplant Audit Antithymocyte globulin induction therapy for adult heart transplantation: a UK national study. J Heart Lung Transplant. 2011; 30(7):770–7.PubMedView Article
  24. Taylor DO, Barr ML, Radovancevic B, Renlund DG, Mentzer RM Jr, Smart FW, Tolman DE, Frazier OH, Young JB, VanVeldhuisen P. A randomized, multicenter comparison of tacrolimus and cyclosporine immunosuppressive regimens in cardiac transplantation: decreased hyperlipidemia and hypertension with tacrolimus. J Heart Lung Transplant 1999; 18:336.PubMedView Article
  25. Meiser BM, Uberfuhr P, Fuchs A, Schmidt D, Pfeiffer M, Paulus D, Schulze C, Wildhirt S, Scheidt WV, Angermann C, Klauss V, Martin S, Reichenspurner H, Kreuzer E, Reichart B. Single center randomized trial comparing tacrolimus (FK 506) and cyclosporine in the prevention of acute myocardial rejection. J Heart Lung Transplant 1998; 17:782.PubMed
  26. Kobashigawa J, Miller L, Renlund D, Mentzer R, Alderman E, Bourge R, Costanzo M, Eisen H, Dureau G, Ratkovec R, Hummel M, Ipe D, Johnson J, Keogh A, Mamelok R, Mancini D, Smart F, Valantine H. A randomized active-controlled trial of mycophenolate mofetil in heart transplant recipients. Mycophenolate Mofetil Investigators. Transplantation. 1998 27;66(4):507–15.PubMedView Article
  27. Mancini D, Pinney S, Burkhoff D, LaManca J, Itescu S, Burke E, Edwards N, Oz M, Marks AR. Use of rapamycin slows progression of cardiac transplantation vasculopathy. Circulation 2003; 108: 48–53.PubMedView Article
  28. Topilsky Y, Hasin T, Raichlin E, Boilson BA, Schirger JA, Pereira NL, Edwards BS, Clavell AL, Rodeheffer RJ, Frantz RP, Maltais S, Park SJ, Daly RC, Lerman A, Kushwaha SS. Sirolimus as primary immunosuppression attenuates allograft vasculopathy with improved late survival and decreased cardiac events after cardiac transplantation. Circulation. 2012; 125(5):708–20.PubMedView Article
  29. Kushwaha SS, Khalpey Z, Frantz RP, Rodeheffer RJ, Clavell AL, Daly RC, McGregor CG, Edwards BS. Sirolimus in cardiac transplantation: use as a primary immunosuppressant in calcineurin inhibitor-induced nephrotoxicity. J Heart Lung Transplant. 2005;24:2129–2136.PubMedView Article
  30. Keogh A, Macdonald P, Kaan A, Aboyoun C, Spratt P, Mundy J. Efficacy and safety of pravastatin vs simvastatin after cardiac transplantation. J Heart Lung Transplant. 2000;19(6):529–37.PubMedView Article
  31. Eckl S, Heim C, Abele-Ohl S, Hoffmann J, Ramsperger-Gleixner M, Weyand M, Ensminger SM. Combination of clopidogrel and everolimus dramatically reduced the development of transplant arteriosclerosis in murine aortic allografts. Transpl Int. 2010; 23(9):959–66.PubMed
  32. Stewart S, Winters GL, Fishbein MC, Tazelaar HD, Kobashigawa J, Abrams J, Andersen CB, Angelini A, Berry GJ, Burke MM, Demetris AJ, Hammond E, Itescu S, Marboe CC, McManus B, Reed EF, Reinsmoen NL, Rodriguez ER, Rose AG, Rose M, Suciu-Focia N, Zeevi A, Billingham ME. Revision of the 1990 working formulation for the standardization of nomenclature in the diagnosis of heart rejection. J Heart Lung Transplant. 2005; 24(11):1710–20.PubMedView Article
  33. Doering LV, Hickey K, Pickham D, Chen B, Drew BJ. Remote noninvasive allograft rejection monitoring for heart transplant recipients: study protocol for the novel evaluation with home electrocardiogram and remote transmission (NEW HEART) study. BMC Cardiovasc Disord. 2012 2;12:14.View Article
  34. From AM, Maleszewski JJ, Rihal CS. Current status of endomyocardial biopsy. Mayo Clin Proc. 2011; 86(11):1095–102.PubMedView Article
  35. Garlicki M, Wierzbicki K, Przybyłowski P, Drop D, Biernat M, Rudziski P, Olszewska B, Dziatkowiak A. The incidence of malignancy in heart transplant recipients. Ann Transplant 1998;3(4):41–7.PubMed
  36. Linares L, Sanclemente G, Cervera C, Hoyo I, Cofán F, Ricart MJ, Pérez-Villa F, Navasa M, Marcos MA, Antón A, Pumarola T, Moreno A. Influence of cytomegalovirus disease in outcome of solid organ transplant patients. Transplant Proc. 2011 Jul-Aug;43(6):2145–8.PubMedView Article
  37. Baron C, Forconi C, Lebranchu Y. Revisiting the effects of CMV on long-term transplant outcome. Curr Opin Organ Transplant. 2010; 15(4):492–8.PubMedView Article
  38. Schepis T, Achenbach S, Weyand M, Raum P, Marwan M, Pflederer T, Daniel WG, Tandler R, Kondruweit M, Ropers D. Comparison of dual source computed tomography versus intravascular ultrasound for evaluation of coronary arteries at least one year after cardiac transplantation. Am J Cardiol. 2009 15; 104(10):1351–6.PubMedView Article
  39. Tona F, Osto E, Tarantini G, Gambino A, Cavallin F, Feltrin G, Montisci R, Caforio AL, Gerosa G, Iliceto S. Coronary flow reserve by transthoracic echocardiography predicts epicardial intimal thickening in cardiac allograft vasculopathy. Am J Transplant. 2010; 10(7):1668–76.PubMedView Article
  40. Kirklin JK, Naftel DC, Kormos RL, Stevenson LW, Pagani FD, Miller MA, Ulisney KL, Baldwin JT, Young JB. Third INTERMACS Annual Report: the evolution of destination therapy in the United States. J Heart Lung Transplant. 2011; 30(2):115–23.PubMedView Article
  41. Drews T, Dandel M, Krabatsch T, Potapov E, Stepanenko A, Hennig E, Lehmkuhl HB, Pasic M, Weng Y, Hetzer R. Long-term mechanical circulatory support in 198 patients: largest single-center experience worldwide. ASAIO J. 2011; 57(1):9–16PubMedView Article
Metadaten
Titel
Herztransplantation 2012
Ein Update
verfasst von
PD Dr. med. Thomas Pühler
Stephan Ensminger
Michael Benzinger
Andre Renner
Jochen Börgermann
Kavous Hakim
Michael Schoenbrodt
Michiel Morshuis
Olaf Oldenburg
Uwe Schulz
Jan Gummert
Publikationsdatum
22.09.2012
Verlag
Urban and Vogel
Erschienen in
CardioVasc / Ausgabe 4/2012
Print ISSN: 1617-4933
Elektronische ISSN: 1618-3851
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s15027-012-0216-y

Weitere Artikel der Ausgabe 4/2012

CardioVasc 4/2012 Zur Ausgabe

60. Jahrestagung der European Society of Cardiology (ESC), München, 25.–29. August 2012

Auch die Herzchirurgen melden sich zu Wort

Update Kardiologie

Bestellen Sie unseren Fach-Newsletter und bleiben Sie gut informiert.