HIV-associated mild neurocognitive disorder (MND)

Excerpt

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection may present with important neurological symptoms. These complications include HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HANDs), motor disorders, HIV-associated myelopathy and peripheral neuropathy [1]. In 2007, the Frascati scale was developed as a uniform method of diagnosing HANDs in adults, improving the ability of researchers to understand these disorders and their conclusions [2]. Antinori et al. refined the Frascati HAND criteria to include asymptomatic neurocognitive impairment (ANI) and mild neurocognitive disorder (MND), both of which require the presence of at least a mild neuropsychological impairment that involves two or more ability domains and is not readily related to comorbid conditions. In the case of MND, functional decline is established by at least two types of evidence related to daily functioning [3]. …