nach oben

Cognitive Therapy and Research

Erschienen in:

01.12.2012 | Original Article

Initial Data Characterizing the Progression from Obsessions and Compulsions to Full-Blown Obsessive Compulsive Disorder

verfasst von: Meredith E. Coles, Ashley S. Hart, Casey A. Schofield

Erschienen in: Cognitive Therapy and Research | Ausgabe 6/2012

Einloggen, um Zugang zu erhalten

Abstract

Most individuals who develop obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) experience years of obsessions and/or compulsions preceding onset of the full-blown disorder (Angst in Current insights in obsessive compulsive disorder, Wiley, Chirchester, New York, Brisbane, 1994; Coles et al. in Behav Cogn Psychother 11:1–11, 2011; Pinto et al. in J Clin Psychiatry 67(5):703–711, 2006). However, little is known about experiences during this period and about factors that are involved in the generation of interference or distress that signals the onset of diagnosable OCD. Therefore, the current study was designed to provide data on the characteristics of the symptom phase of OCD and potential markers of the transition from symptoms to the full-blown disorder. Individuals that eventually developed full-blown OCD retrospectively reported that generalized anxiety, perfectionism, impaired work or school performance, social isolation, preoccupation with details and intolerance of uncertainty, frequently emerged after their initial OC symptoms but before full-criteria for OCD were met. Increases in stress level, the desire for things to feel ‘just right’, and the amount of attention paid to one’s thoughts were perceived as having played an important role in the transition to OCD. Additional data and theory development regarding the progression from symptoms to OCD is warranted.

The period characterized by the presence of OC symptoms without significant interference or distress is referred to as the “symptom phase” throughout the paper.

Formal statistical tests were not conducted due to the exploratory nature of the study and the large number of comparisons that would need to be conducted.

Abramowitz, J. S., Khandker, M., Nelson, C. A., Deacon, B. J., & Rygwall, R. (2006). The role of cognitive factors in the pathogenesis of obsessive-compulsive symptoms: A prospective study. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 44(9), 1361–1374. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2005.09.011.

Albert, U., Maina, G., Bogetto, F., Chiarle, A., & Mataix-Cols, D. (2010). Clinical predictors of health-related quality of life in obsessive-compulsive disorder. Comprehensive Psychiatry, 51(2), 193–200. doi:10.1016/j.comppsych.2009.03.004.PubMedCrossRef

Angst, J. (1994). The epidemiology of obsessive compulsive disorder. In E. Hollander, J. Zohar, D. Marazatti, & B. Olivier (Eds.), Current insights in obsessive compulsive disorder. Chirchester, New York, Brisbane: Wiley.

Bannon, S., Gonsalvez, C. J., Croft, R. J., & Boyce, P. M. (2002). Response inhibition deficits in obsessive-compulsive disorder. Psychiatry Research, 110(2), 165–174. doi:10.1016/S0165-1781(02)00104-X.

Bechdolf, A., Schultze-Lutter, F., & Klosterkötter, J. (2002). Self-experienced vulnerability, prodromal symptoms and coping strategies preceding schizophrenic and depressive relapses. European Psychiatry, 17(7), 384–393. doi:10.1016/S0924-9338(02)00698-3.

Beck, A. T., Steer, R. A., Ball, R., & Ranieri, W. F. (1996). Comparison of beck depression inventories-IA and -II in psychiatric outpatients. Journal of Personality Assessment, 67(3), 588–597. doi:10.1207/s15327752jpa6703_13.PubMedCrossRef

Bobes, J., González, M. P., Bascarán, M. T., Arango, C., Sáiz, P. A., & Bousoño, M. (2001). Quality of life and disability in patients with obsessive–compulsive disorder. European Psychiatry, 16(4), 239–245. doi:10.1016/S0924-9338(01)00571-5.PubMedCrossRef

Cannon, T. D., Cadenhead, K., Cornblatt, B., Woods, S. W., Addington, J., Walker, E., et al. (2008). Prediction of psychosis in youth at high clinical risk: A multisite longitudinal study in north America. Archives of General Psychiatry, 65(1), 28–37. doi:10.1001/archgenpsychiatry.2007.3.PubMedCrossRef

Chamberlain, S. R., Blackwell, A. D., Fineberg, N. A., Robbins, T. W., & Sahakian, B. J. (2005). The neuropsychology of obsessive compulsive disorder: The importance of failures in cognitive and behavioural inhibition as candidate endophenotypic markers. Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews, 29(3), 399–419. doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2004.11.006.PubMedCrossRef

Chamberlain, S. R., & Menzies, L. (2009). Endophenotypes of obsessive compulsive disorder: Rationale, evidence and future potential. Expert Review of Neurotherapeutics, 9(8), 1133–1146. doi:10.1586/ern.09.36.PubMedCrossRef

Chamberlain, S. R., Menzies, L., Hampshire, A., Suckling, J., Fineberg, N. A., del Campo, N., et al. (2008). Orbitofrontal dysfunction in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder and their unaffected relatives. Science, 321(5887), 421–422. doi:10.1126/science.1154433.PubMedCrossRef

Coles, M. E., & Horng, B. (2006). A prospective test of cognitive vulnerability to obsessive-compulsive disorder. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 30(6), 723–734. doi:10.1007/s10608-006-9033-x.

Coles, M. E., Schubert, J. R., & Johnson, E. (2011). Retrospective reports of the onset of obsessive compulsive disorder: Extending knowledge of the protracted symptom phase. Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy, 11, 1–11.

Coles, M. E., Pietrefesa, A. S., Schofield, C. A., & Cook, L. M. (2008). Predicting changes in obsessive compulsive symptoms over a six-month follow-up: A prospective test of cognitive models of obsessive compulsive disorder. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 32(5), 657–675. doi:10.1007/s10608-007-9132-3.

Correll, C. U., Penzner, J. B., Frederickson, A. M., Richter, J. J., Auther, A. M., Smith, C. W., et al. (2007). Differentiation in the preonset phases of schizophrenia and mood disorders: Evidence in support of a bipolar mania prodrome. Schizophrenia Bulletin, 33(3), 703–714. doi:10.1093/schbul/sbm028.PubMedCrossRef

de Bruijn, C., Beun, S., de Graaf, R., ten Have, M., & Denys, D. (2010). Subthreshold symptoms and obsessive-compulsive disorder: Evaluating the diagnostic threshold. Psychological Medicine: A Journal of Research in Psychiatry and the Allied Sciences, 40(6), 989–997. doi:10.1017/S0033291709991012.

Degonda, M., Wyss, M., Angst, J. (1993). The Zurich study. XVIII. Obsessive-compulsive disorders and syndromes in the general population. European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience, 243, 16–22.

DiNardo, P., Brown, T. A., & Barlow, D. H. (1994). Anxiety disorders interview schedule lifetime version (ADIS-IV-L): Client interview schedules. New York, NY: Oxford University Press.

DuPont, R. L., Rice, D. P., Miller, L. S., Shiraki, S. S., Rowland, C. R., & Harwood, H. J. (1996). Economic costs of anxiety disorders. Anxiety, 2, 167–172.PubMedCrossRef

Eisen, J. L., Mancebo, M. A., Pinto, A., Coles, M. E., Pagano, M. E., Stout, R., et al. (2006). Impact of obsessive-compulsive disorder on quality of life. Comprehensive Psychiatry, 47(4), 270–275. doi:10.1016/j.comppsych.2005.11.006.PubMedCrossRef

Fava, G. A., Savron, G., Rafanelli, C., Grandi, S., & Canestrari, R. (1996). Prodromal symptoms in obsessive-compulsive disorder. Psychopathology, 29(2), 131–134.PubMedCrossRef

First, M. B., Spitzer, R. L., Gibbon, M., & Williams, J. B. (1995). Structured clinical interview of DSM-IV. New York: Biometrics Research, New York State Psychiatric Institute.

Foa, E. B., Kozak, M. J., Salkovskis, P. M., Coles, M. E., & Amir, N. (1998). The validation of a new obsessive-compulsive disorder scale: The obsessive-compulsive inventory. Psychological Assessment, 10(3), 206–214. doi:10.1037/1040-3590.10.3.206.CrossRef

Fullana, M. A., Mataix-Cols, D., Caspi, A., Harrington, H., Grisham, J. R., Moffitt, T. E., et al. (2009). Obsessions and compulsions in the community: Prevalence, interference, help-seeking, developmental stability, and co-occurring psychiatric conditions. The American Journal of Psychiatry, 166(3), 329–336. doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.2008.08071006.PubMedCrossRef

Holzer, J. C., Goodman, W. K., McDougle, C. J., & Baer, L. (1994). Obsessive-compulsive disorder with and without a chronic tic disorder: A comparison of symptoms in 70 patients. British Journal of Psychiatry, 164(0007-1250, 0007-1250), 469–473. doi:10.1192/bjp.164.4.469.

Howes, O. D., Lim, S., Theologos, G., Yung, A. R., Goodwin, G. M., & McGuire, P. (2011). A comprehensive review and model of putative prodromal features of bipolar affective disorder. Psychological Medicine: A Journal of Research in Psychiatry and the Allied Sciences, 41(8), 1567–1577. doi:10.1017/S0033291710001790.

Hou, S. Y., Yen, C. F., Huang, M. F., Wang, P. W., & Yeh, Y. C. (2010). Quality of life and its correlates in patients with obsessive compulsive disorder. The Kaohsiung Journal of Medical Sciences, 26(8), 397–407.PubMedCrossRef

Kamath, P., Reddy, Y. C. J., & Kandavel, T. (2007). Suicidal behavior in obsessive-compulsive disorder. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 68(11), 1741–1750. doi:10.4088/JCP.v68n1114.PubMedCrossRef

Khanna, S., Rajendra, P. N., & Channabasavanna, S. M. (1988). Life events and onset of obsessive compulsive disorder. International Journal of Social Psychiatry, 34(4), 305–309. doi:10.1177/002076408803400408.

Lensi, P., Cassano, G. B., Correddu, G., Ravagli, S., & Kunovac, J. J. (1996). Obsessive-compulsive disorder. Familial-developmental history, symptomatology, comorbidity and course with special reference to gender-related differences. British Journal of Psychiatry, 169(1), 101–107. doi:10.1192/bjp.169.1.101.PubMedCrossRef

Mancebo, M. C., Greenberg, B., Grant, J. E., Pinto, A., Eisen, J. L., Dyck, I., et al. (2008). Correlates of occupational disability in a clinical sample of obsessive-compulsive disorder. Comprehensive Psychiatry, 49(1), 43–50. doi:10.1016/j.comppsych.2007.05.016.PubMedCrossRef

Menzies, L., Achard, S., Chamberlain, S. R., Fineberg, N., Chen, C. H., delCampo, N., et al. (2007). Neurocognitive endophenotypes of obsessive-compulsive disorder. Brain, 130(Pt 12), 3223–3236.PubMedCrossRef

Menzies, L., Chamberlain, S. R., Laird, A. R., Thelen, S. M., Sahakian, B. J., & Bullmore, E. T. (2008). Integrating evidence from neuroimaging and neuropsychological studies of obsessive-compulsive disorder: The orbitofrontal-striatal model revised. Neuroscience and Behavioral Reviews, 32, 525–549. doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2007.09.005.

Moller, P., & Husby, R. (2000). The initial prodrome in schizophrenia: Searching for naturalistic core dimensions of experience and behavior. Schizophrenia Bulletin, 26(1), 217–232.

Morrison, A. P., French, P., Parker, S., Roberts, M., Stevens, H., Bentall, R. P., et al. (2007). Three-year follow-up of a randomized controlled trial of cognitive therapy for the prevention of psychosis in people at ultrahigh risk. Schizophrenia Bulletin, 33(3), 682–687. doi:10.1093/schbul/sbl042.PubMedCrossRef

Morrison, A. P., French, P., Walford, L., Lewis, S. W., Kilcommons, A., Green, J., et al. (2004). Cognitive therapy for the prevention of psychosis in people at ultra-high risk: Randomised controlled trial. British Journal of Psychiatry, 185(4), 291–297. doi:10.1192/bjp.185.4.291.PubMedCrossRef

Ozgurdal, S., van Haren, E., Hauser, M., Strohle, A., Bauer, M., Assion, H., et al. (2009) Early mood swings as symptoms of the bipolar prodrome: Preliminary results of a retrospective analysis. Psychopathology, 42, 337–342. doi:10.1159/000232977.

Pietrefesa, A. S., & Coles, M. E. (2009). Moving beyond an exclusive focus on harm avoidance in obsessive-compulsive disorder: Behavioral validation for the separability of harm avoidance and incompleteness. Behavior Therapy, 40(3), 251–259. doi:10.1016/j.beth.2008.06.003.

Pinto, A., Mancebo, M. C., Eisen, J. L., Pagano, M. E., & Rasmussen, S. A. (2006). The brown longitudinal obsessive compulsive study: Clinical features and symptoms of the sample at intake. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 67(5), 703–711.PubMedCrossRef

Pitman, R. K. (1987). A cybernetic model of obsessive-compulsive psychopathology. Comprehensive Psychiatry, 28(4), 334–343. doi:10.1016/0010-440X(87)90070-8.

Rachman, S. (2002). A cognitive theory of compulsive checking. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 40(6), 624–639. doi:10.1016/S0005-7967(01)00028-6.CrossRef

Rasmussen, S. A., & Eisen, J. L. (1990). Epidemiology of obsessive compulsive disorder. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 51(2, Suppl), 10–13.

Rasmussen, S. A., & Tsuang, M. T. (1986). Clinical characteristics and family history in DSM-III obsessive-compulsive disorder. American Journal of Psychiatry, 143, 317–322.

Salkovskis, P. M. (1985). Obsessional-compulsive problems: A cognitive-behavioural analysis. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 23(5), 571–583. doi:10.1016/0005-7967(85)90105-6.PubMedCrossRef

Salkovskis, P. M. (1989). Obsessions and compulsions. Florence, KY, USA: Taylor & Frances/Routledge.

Salkovskis, P., Shafran, R., Rachman, S., & Freeston, M. H. (1999). Multiple pathways to inflated responsibility beliefs in obsessional problems: Possible origins and implications for therapy and research. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 37(11), 1055–1072. doi:10.1016/S0005-7967(99)00063-7.

Salkovskis, P. M., Wroe, A. L., Gledhill, A., Morrison, N., Forrester, E., Richards, C., et al. (2000). Responsibility attitudes and interpretations are characteristic of obsessive compulsive disorder. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 38(4), 347–372. doi:10.1016/S0005-7967(99)00071-6.

Sobin, C., Prudic, J., Devanand, D. P., & Nobler, M. S. (1996). Who responds to electroconvulsive therapy? A comparison of effective and ineffective forms of treatment. British Journal of Psychiatry, 169(3), 322–328. doi:10.1192/bjp.169.3.322.PubMedCrossRef

Stein, M. B. (2009). Worrying about obsessions and compulsions. The American Journal of Psychiatry, 166(3), 271–273. doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.2008.08121856.PubMedCrossRef

Stein, M. B., Forde, D. R., Anderson, G., & Walker, J. R. (1997). Obsessive-compulsive disorder in the community: An epidemiologic survey with clinical reappraisal. The American Journal of Psychiatry, 154(8), 1120–1126.PubMed

Steketee, G., Frost, R. O., & Cohen, I. (1998). Beliefs in obsessive-compulsive disorder. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 12(6), 525–537. doi:10.1016/S0887-6185(98)00030-9.PubMedCrossRef

Summerfeldt, L. J. (2004). Understanding and treating incompleteness in obsessive-compulsive disorder. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 60(11), 1155–1168. doi:10.1002/jclp.20080.

Yung, A. R., & McGorry, P. D. (1996). The prodromal phase of first-episode psychosis: Past and current conceptualizations. Schizophrenia Bulletin, 22(2), 353–370. doi:10.1093/schbul/22.2.353.

Yung, A. R., Phillips, L. J., Yuen, H. P., & McGorry, P. D. (2004). Risk factors for psychosis in an ultra high-risk group: Psychopathology and clinical features. Schizophrenia Research, 67(2–3), 131–142. doi:10.1016/S0920-9964(03)00192-0.PubMedCrossRef

Titel: Initial Data Characterizing the Progression from Obsessions and Compulsions to Full-Blown Obsessive Compulsive Disorder
verfasst von: Meredith E. Coles
Ashley S. Hart
Casey A. Schofield
Publikationsdatum: 01.12.2012
Verlag: Springer US
Erschienen in: Cognitive Therapy and Research / Ausgabe 6/2012
Print ISSN: 0147-5916
Elektronische ISSN: 1573-2819
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10608-011-9404-9

Neu im Fachgebiet Psychiatrie

Demenzkranke durch Antipsychotika vielfach gefährdet

23.04.2024 Demenz Nachrichten

Wenn Demenzkranke aufgrund von Symptomen wie Agitation oder Aggressivität mit Antipsychotika behandelt werden, sind damit offenbar noch mehr Risiken verbunden als bislang angenommen.

Weniger postpartale Depressionen nach Esketamin-Einmalgabe

23.04.2024 Depression antepartal oder postpartal Nachrichten

Bislang gibt es kein Medikament zur Prävention von Wochenbettdepressionen. Das Injektionsanästhetikum Esketamin könnte womöglich diese Lücke füllen.

„Psychotherapie ist auch bei sehr alten Menschen hochwirksam!“

22.04.2024 DGIM 2024 Kongressbericht

Die Kombination aus Medikamenten und Psychotherapie gilt als effektivster Ansatz bei Depressionen. Das ist bei betagten Menschen nicht anders, trotz Besonderheiten.

Auf diese Krankheiten bei Geflüchteten sollten Sie vorbereitet sein

22.04.2024 DGIM 2024 Nachrichten

Um Menschen nach der Flucht aus einem Krisengebiet bestmöglich medizinisch betreuen zu können, ist es gut zu wissen, welche Erkrankungen im jeweiligen Herkunftsland häufig sind. Dabei hilft eine Internetseite der CDC (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention).

Update Psychiatrie

Bestellen Sie unseren Fach-Newsletter und bleiben Sie gut informiert.

Newsletter bestellen

Springer Medizin

Abstract

Bitte loggen Sie sich ein, um Zugang zu diesem Inhalt zu erhalten

Weitere Artikel der Ausgabe 6/2012

General, Specific and Unique Cognitive Factors Involved in Anxiety and Depressive Disorders

Perceived Stress, Anhedonia and Illusion of Control: Evidence for Two Mediational Models

Cognitive Vulnerability to Depression in Children: An Idiographic, Longitudinal Examination of Inferential Styles

How Disorder-Specific are Depressive Attributions? A Comparison of Individuals with Depression, Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder and Healthy Controls