Background
Methods
Patients
Inclusion criteria
Exclusion criteria
Anthropometric evaluation
Metabolic profile
Laboratory assessment
Ultrasonography features
Indirect calorimetry
Control group
Statistics
Results
Age (years) | 46 (34–53) | Gender Males/females (n) | 36/44 |
BMI | 42 (38–47) | WC (Males) cm | 126 (121–135) |
WC (Females) cm | 119 (110–128) | ||
WHR males | 0.98 (0.96–1.05) | Obesity | |
WHR females | 0.95 (0.93–0.97) | Grade I/II/III (n) | 8/26/46 |
HOMA | 2.78 (1.85–4.18) | HOMA-B % | 37.11 (22.4–49.8) |
QUICKI | 0.32 (0.31–0.35) | Insulin (μU/mL) | 11 (7.1–15.8) |
HDL (males) (mg/dL) | 42.7 ± 8.98 | HDL (females) (mg/dL) | 49 ± 13 |
Triglycerides (mg/dL) | 123.5 (83.5–188) | ALT (U/L) | 28 (21.5–39) |
Gamma-GT (U/L) | 25 (16.5–42.5) | hsCRP (mg/mL) | 0.56 (0.27–1.3) |
Ferritin (males) (ng/mL) | 167.5 (85–234.5) | Ferritin (females) (ng/mL) | 41.5 (20–69) |
Fibrinogen (g/L) | 306 ± 74.7 | Cholesterol mg/dL | 190 ± 36.1 |
Fat mass% | 52 ± 7.5 | FFM% | 56.2 (41–67) |
RMR/FFM/kg | 38.7 (33.9–43) | HS at US | |
Grade 1/2/3 (n) | 22/50/8 | ||
VAT at US (cm) | 7.5 (6–9.4) | SAT at US (cm) | 2.6 (2.1–3.1) |
IMTG score | 2.25 (2, 3) | MS (APT III) yes/not (n) | 51/29 |
MS (IDF) yes/not (n) | 51/29 | ||
IFN-alpha 2 pga | 121.9 (103.5–135.8) | IFN-gamma (pg/mL)a | 158 (56–390) |
Gender | IMTG scale (scores) | Total | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
I | II | III | IIII | ||
Females | 7 | 14 | 16 | 7 | 44 |
Males | 3 | 10 | 14 | 9 | 36 |
HS at US grade | Obesity degrees | Total | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 2 | 3 | ||
1 | 5 | 9 | 8 | 22 |
2 | 3 | 17 | 30 | 50 |
3 | 0 | 0 | 8 | 8 |
IMTG score | Obesity degrees | Total | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 2 | 3 | ||
I | 0 | 4 | 6 | 10 |
II | 3 | 10 | 11 | 24 |
III | 4 | 9 | 17 | 30 |
IIII | 1 | 3 | 12 | 16 |
Relationships
IMTG | Coeff. | Std. err. | t | P | 95% CI |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
q25 | |||||
IFN-alpha 2 | 0 | 0.0036305 | 0.00 | 1.000 | − 0.0072308 to 0.0072308 |
q50 | |||||
IFN-alpha 2 | − 0.0174917 | 0.004081 | − 2.58 | 0.08 | − 0.0302554 to 0.0047389 |
q75 | |||||
IFN-alpha 2 | − 0.0181554 | 0.0045649 | − 3.98 | 0.000 | − 0.0272471 to 0.0090637 |
Coeff. | Std. err. | t | P | [95% Conf. interval] | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
At Univariate analysis (Robust regression) | |||||
IMTG/IFN-alpha 2 | − 0.0151912 | 0.0043683 | − 3.48 | 0.001 | − 0.0238932 to .0064892 |
Fibrinogen/IFN-alpha 2 | − 0.1085108 | 0.0262153 | − 4.14 | 0.000 | − 0.1607232 to .0562985 |
IMTG/Fibrinogen | 0.001491 | 0.0014679 | 1.02 | 0.313 | − 0.0014314 to .0044134 |
At MULTIPLE regression | |||||
IMTG/Fibrinogen | − 0.0002527 | 0.0015718 | − 0.16 | 0.873 | − 0.0033839 to − 0.0028785 |
IMTG/IFN-alpha 2 | − 0.0151912 | 0.0038637 | − 3.93 | 0.000 | − 0.022888 to .0074944 |
Beta of IFN-alpha 2 | − 0.39; beta of Fibrinogen = − 0.019 |
Coeff. | Std. err. | z | P > |z| | [95% Conf. interval] | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
d.v.: IMTG scores | |||||
i.v.: HS grade | 0.6427975 | 0.215061 | 2.99 | 0.003 | 0.2212858 to 1.064309 |
d.v.: HS grade | |||||
i.v.: VAT | 0.8153024 | 0.1584942 | 5.14 | 0.000 | 0.5046595 to 1.125945 |
xtivreg IMTG HS at US (HS at US = VAT), re nosa (robust) | |
G2SLS random-effects IV regression | Number of obs = 80 |
Group variable: WC | Number of groups = 64 |
R-sq
|
Obs per group
|
Within = 0.1970 | Min = 1 |
Between = 0.03012 | Avg = 2 |
Overall = 0.1028 | Max = 6 |
Wald χ2 (1) = 11.09 | |||||
Corr (u_i, X) = 0 (assumed) | Prob > χ2 = 0.0009 | ||||
d. v.: IMTG | Coef. | Rob. Std. err. | z | P > |z| | [95% Conf. interval] |
i.v. | |||||
HS at US | 0.5199847 | 0.156167 | 3.33 | 0.001 | 0.2139031 to − 0.8260663 |
HS at US | 0 (omitted) | ||||
_cons | 1.719254 | 0.270595 | 6.35. | 0.000 | 1.188903 to 0.249616 |
Sigma_u | 0.48060539 | ||||
Sigma_e | 0.74235381 | ||||
rho | 0.2953461 (fraction of variance due to u_i) | ||||
{p 0 16 − 12}Instrumented: HS at US{p_end} | |||||
{p 0 16 − 12}Instruments: HS at US VAT{p_end} |
Variable | Factor 1 | Factor 2 | Factor 3 | Uniqueness |
---|---|---|---|---|
Rotated factor loadings (pattern matrix) and unique variances | ||||
BMI |
0.8803
| 0.2118 | − 0.0337 | 0.1791 |
Obesity grade |
0.7365
| 0.3327 | 0.0669 | 0.3424 |
WC |
0.8641
| − 0.1363 | 0.0146 | 0.2345 |
WHR | − 0.1507 | − 0.3176 | 0.5373 | 0.5878 |
Fat mass% | − 0.1197 | − 0.9089 | 0.0098 | 0.1594 |
IMTG | 0.2645 | − 0.1249 |
0.6626
| 0.4753 |
SAT | 0.4182 | 0.4665 | 0.0325 | 0.6064 |
VAT |
0.7446
| − 0.2465 | 0.2437 | 0.3255 |
IFN-alpha 2 | − 0.0214 | − 0.1072 | − 0.8050 | 0.3400 |
RMR/FFM/kg | − 0.1561 |
0.7631
| − 0.0293 | 0.3925 |
IFN-gamma | 0.1082 | 0.1913 | 0.3257 | 0.8457 |
Factor rotation matrix | Factor 1 | Factor2 | Factor3 | |
---|---|---|---|---|
The extracted components explain nearly 60 (59.19)% of variability | ||||
Factor 1 | 0.9414 | 0.2736 | 0.1971 | |
Factor 2 | 0.1674 | − 0.8865 | 0.4313 | |
Factor 3 | 0.2928 | − 0.3731 | − 0.8804 |
Mean | Std. dev. | MCSE | Median | [95% Cred. interval] | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Equal-tailed | |||||
d.v.: IMTG | |||||
i.v.: IFN-alpha 2 | − 0.0151632 | 0.004142 | 0.000122 | − 0.0151286 | − 0.0229845 to 0.0069051 |
Cons | 4.46095 | 0.5110447 | 0.016827 | 4.460191 | 3.442408 to 5.436929 |
Sigma2 | 0.8045077 | 0.1360474 | 0.003159 | 0.7905886 | 0.5719823 to 1.09947 |