Background
Methods
Patients
Group 1 Definite LNB
n = 49 | Group 2 Possible LNB pleocytosis
n = 14 | Group 3 Possible LNB Ab+
n = 14 | Group 4 Non-LNB patients
n = 88 | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Borrelia-specific AI or Borrelia-specific antibodies in CSF | + | – | + | – | |
CSF pleocytosis | + | + | – | – | |
Borrelia-specific IgG/IgM antibodies detected in serum, n (%) | 43 (88) | 11 (79) | 8 (57) | 0 (0) | |
CSF-albumin/S-albumin median (range) | 16 (3.4–69)*** | 5.8 (2.7–45)* | 5.7 (2.4–17) | 4.0 (1.5–9.5) | |
IgG-index median (range) | 0.7 (0.0–2.6)*** | 0.6 (0.4–0.8)*** | 0.5 (0.4–0.6) | 0.5 (0.0–0.6) | |
Men n (%) | 29 (59) | 9 (64) | 8 (57) | 39 (44) | |
Women n (%) | 20 (41) | 5 (36) | 6 (43) | 49 (56) | |
Median age years (range) | 32 (4–72) | 8.5 (3–39)** | 62 (32–82)* | 23 (1–83) | |
Median duration symptoms before LP weeks (range) | 2.0 (0.1–104) | 0.5 (0.1–3.0)* | 2.0 (0.1–156) | 4.0 (0.1–520) | |
Head/neck pain n (%) | 32 (65) | 6 (43) | 8 (57) | 27 (31) | |
Cranial nerve palsy n (%) | 22 (45) | 9 (64) | 0 (0) | 20 (23) | |
Radiculitis n (%) | 20 (41) | 2 (14) | 1 (7) | 0 (0) | |
Patients with duration of symptoms after treatment under 3 months n (%) | 40 (87)a
| 8 (57) | 6 (67)b
| – |
Pat. Nr. | Symptoms before LP | Head/neck | Fatigue | Fever | Vertigo | Radiculitis | Cranial nerve | Other symptoms |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Weeks | Pain | Palsy | ||||||
1 | 0.7 | x | ||||||
2 | 0.3 | x | ||||||
3 | 1.6 | x | x | |||||
4 | 0.4 | x | x | |||||
5 | 1.0 | x | ||||||
6 | 0.6 | x | ||||||
7 | 0.4 | x | ||||||
8 | 0.1 | x | x | x | ||||
9 | 0.4 | x | ||||||
10 | 0.3 | x | x | |||||
11 | 3.0 | x | x | |||||
12 | 0.7 | x | x | x | ||||
13 | 1.0 | x | x | x | x | |||
14 | 0.3 | x | x |
Pat. Nr. | Symptoms before LP | Head/neck | Fatigue | Fever | Vertigo | Radiculitis | Cranial nerve | Other symptoms |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Weeks | Pain | Palsy | ||||||
1 | 72 | x | x | |||||
2 | 3 | x | x | |||||
3 | 156 | Unilateral vision loss | ||||||
4 | 2 | x | x | |||||
5 | 104 | Dysarthria, dysphagia | ||||||
6 | 52 | Dysarthria, memory loss | ||||||
7 | 7 | x | ||||||
8 | 1 | x | x | |||||
9 | 2 | x | x | |||||
10 | 0.7 | Unilateral vision loss | ||||||
11 | 0.4 | x | x | Dysarthria, vision loss | ||||
12 | 0.1 | x | Decreased consciousness | |||||
13 | 2 | x | x | |||||
14 | 1 | x | Concentration difficulties |
Serum and CSF
Cytokine and chemokine analyses
Data handling and statistical analyses
Results
General description of the patients
B cell-associated cytokines and chemokines
Group 1 Definite LNB
n = 49 Median (interquartile) | Group 2 Possible LNB pleocytosis
n = 14 Median (interquartile) | Group 3 Possible LNB Ab+
n = 14 Median (interquartile) | Group 4 Non-LNB patients
n = 88 Median (interquartile) | |
---|---|---|---|---|
S-APRIL (ng/mL) | 3.1 (0.8–5.7) | 1.4 (0.3–1.8) | 2.0 (0.5–4.4) | 3.9 (0.0–5.8) |
S-BAFF (pg/mL) | 705 (471–857) | 586 (531–873) | 597 (496–763) | 730 (581–935) |
S-CXCL13 (pg/mL) | 67 (38–99) | 56 (39–84) | 41 (30–58) | 54 (34–81) |
S-IL-17A (pg/mL) | 4.0 (2.6–10) | 4.5 (2.9–9.2) | 5.6 (2.9–7.1) | 9.8 (2.6–24) |
S-CXCL1 (pg/mL) | 741 (549–861)*** | 695 (598–1055) | 599 (439–750)*** | 1113 (830–2425) |
S-CCL20 (pg(mL) | 6.1 (3.7–9.3)*** | 6.8 (5.3–13)*** | 5.2 (3.1–9.8) | 0.2 (0.2–8.2) |
CSF-APRIL (ng/mL) | 7.4 (4.7–17)*** | 7.0 (4.6–9.7)*** | 4.9 (3.9–6.1)*** | 0.0 (0.0–2.9) |
CSF-BAFF (pg/mL) | 113 (58–191)*** | 125 (81–203)*** | 0.0 (0.0–76) | 0.0 (0.0–25) |
CSF-CXCL13 (pg/mL) | 974 (738–2394)*** | 379 (57–770)*** | 3.4 (0.0–8.8)*** | 0.0 (0.0–0.0) |
CSF-IL-17A (pg/mL) | 0.6 (0.0–0.6)*** | 0.0 (0.0–0.2) | 0.0 (0.0–0.1) | 0.0 (0.0–0.0) |
CSF-CXCL1 (pg/mL) | 52 (16–117)*** | 16 (2.1–37) | 12 (4.4–21)* | 21 (16–26) |
CSF-CCL20 (pg/mL) | 2.5 (2.2–2.8)*** | 2.3 (1.9–2.6)*** | 2.2 (1.9–2.5)*** | 0.4 (0.4–0.4) |
Group 1 Definite LNB
n = 49 | Group 2 Possible LNB pleocytosis
n = 14 | Group 3 Possible LNB Ab+
n = 14 | Group 4 Non-LNB patients
n = 88 | |
---|---|---|---|---|
>142 pg/mL n (%) | 43 (88) | 10 (71) | 0 (0) | 1 (1) |
>250 pg/mL n (%) | 42 (86) | 9 (64) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) |