Skip to main content
Erschienen in: Lung 3/2005

01.06.2005

Chlorine: State of the Art

verfasst von: Richard B. Evans, MD, MPH

Erschienen in: Lung | Ausgabe 3/2005

Einloggen, um Zugang zu erhalten

Abstract

Chlorine is a widely used industrial chemical. Individuals can be exposed to chlorine through transportation accidents, industrial exposures or misuse of domestic cleaners. While most exposed individuals recover normal pulmonary function, chlorine can cause a variety of lung injuries including pulmonary edema, restrictive lung disease, and obstructive disease, including Reactive Airways Dysfunction Syndrome. Residual effects of chlorine exposure are a function of intensity of exposure, minute ventilation during exposure, and host characteristics such as cigarette smoking and atopy. This monograph will summarize uses of chlorine, the potential for accidents, the mechanism of chlorine toxicity in the lung, and review acute and chronic effects of chlorine exposure on the lung, as well as systemic effects of massive chlorine exposure.
Literatur
1.
Zurück zum Zitat Agabiti, N, Ancona, C, Forastiere, F, et al. 2001Short-term respiratory effects of acute exposure to chlorine due to a swimming pool accidentOccup Env Med58399404CrossRef Agabiti, N, Ancona, C, Forastiere, F,  et al. 2001Short-term respiratory effects of acute exposure to chlorine due to a swimming pool accidentOccup Env Med58399404CrossRef
2.
Zurück zum Zitat Amoore, JE, Hautala, E 1983Odor as an aid to chemical safety: odor thresholds compared with threshold limit values and volatilities for 214 industrial chemicals in air and water dilutionJ Appl Tox3272290 Amoore, JE, Hautala, E 1983Odor as an aid to chemical safety: odor thresholds compared with threshold limit values and volatilities for 214 industrial chemicals in air and water dilutionJ Appl Tox3272290
3.
Zurück zum Zitat Baader, C 1952Chlorine anhydride poisoning (the Walsum Disaster)Med Deporte Trab175252,5254,5256,525859 Baader, C 1952Chlorine anhydride poisoning (the Walsum Disaster)Med Deporte Trab175252,5254,5256,525859
4.
Zurück zum Zitat Barrow, CS, Alarie, Y, Warrick Jc. Stock, MF 1977Comparison of the sensory irritation response in mice to chlorine and hydrogen chlorideArch Environ Health326876PubMed Barrow, CS, Alarie, Y, Warrick Jc. Stock, MF 1977Comparison of the sensory irritation response in mice to chlorine and hydrogen chlorideArch Environ Health326876PubMed
6.
Zurück zum Zitat Bates, DV, Christie, RV 1964Respiratory function in disease—an introduction to the integrated study of the lungWB Saunders CoPhiladelphia398 Bates, DV, Christie, RV 1964Respiratory function in disease—an introduction to the integrated study of the lungWB Saunders CoPhiladelphia398
7.
Zurück zum Zitat Berghoff, RS 1919The more common gases—their effect on the respiratory tract. Observation on two thousand casesArch Intern Med2467884 Berghoff, RS 1919The more common gases—their effect on the respiratory tract. Observation on two thousand casesArch Intern Med2467884
8.
Zurück zum Zitat Bherer, L, Cushman, R, Courteau, JP, et al. 1994Survey of construction workers repeatedly exposed to chlorine over a three to six month period in a pulpmill: II. Followup of affected workers by questionnaire, spirometry, and assessment of bronchial responsiveness 18 to 24 months after exposure endedOccup Environ Med.512258PubMed Bherer, L, Cushman, R, Courteau, JP,  et al. 1994Survey of construction workers repeatedly exposed to chlorine over a three to six month period in a pulpmill: II. Followup of affected workers by questionnaire, spirometry, and assessment of bronchial responsiveness 18 to 24 months after exposure endedOccup Environ Med.512258PubMed
9.
Zurück zum Zitat Black JE, Glenny ET, McNee JW (1915) Observations on 685 cases of poisoning by noxious gases used by the enemy. Br. Med. J 165 Black JE, Glenny ET, McNee JW (1915) Observations on 685 cases of poisoning by noxious gases used by the enemy. Br. Med. J 165
10.
Zurück zum Zitat Borak, J, Diller, WF 2001Phosgene exposure: mechanisms of injury and treatment strategiesJ Occup Environ Med.431109PubMed Borak, J, Diller, WF 2001Phosgene exposure: mechanisms of injury and treatment strategiesJ Occup Environ Med.431109PubMed
11.
Zurück zum Zitat Bradford, JR, Elliott, TR 1915Cases of gas poisoning among the British troops in FlandersBr J Surg3234 Bradford, JR, Elliott, TR 1915Cases of gas poisoning among the British troops in FlandersBr J Surg3234
12.
Zurück zum Zitat Brooks, SM, Weiss, MA, Bernstein, IL 1985Reactive airways dysfunction syndrome (RADS)Persistent asthma syndrome after high level irritant exposures. Chest8837684 Brooks, SM, Weiss, MA, Bernstein, IL 1985Reactive airways dysfunction syndrome (RADS)Persistent asthma syndrome after high level irritant exposures. Chest8837684
13.
Zurück zum Zitat Capodaglio, E, Pezagno, G, Bobbio, GC, Cazzoli, F 1970Investigation of the respiratory function of workers employed in electrolytic production of chlorine and sodaMed Lav601922021970 Capodaglio, E, Pezagno, G, Bobbio, GC, Cazzoli, F 1970Investigation of the respiratory function of workers employed in electrolytic production of chlorine and sodaMed Lav601922021970
14.
Zurück zum Zitat Charan, NB, Lakshminarayan, S, Myers, GC, Smith, DD 1985Effects of accidental chlorine inhalation on pulmonary functionWest Med J143333336 Charan, NB, Lakshminarayan, S, Myers, GC, Smith, DD 1985Effects of accidental chlorine inhalation on pulmonary functionWest Med J143333336
15.
Zurück zum Zitat Chasis, H, Zapp, JA, Bannon, JH, et al. 1947Chlorine accident in BrooklynOccup Med4152176 Chasis, H, Zapp, JA, Bannon, JH,  et al. 1947Chlorine accident in BrooklynOccup Med4152176
16.
Zurück zum Zitat Chester, EH, Gillespie, DG, Krause, FD 1969The prevalence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in chlorine gas workersAm Rev Resp Dis99365371PubMed Chester, EH, Gillespie, DG, Krause, FD 1969The prevalence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in chlorine gas workersAm Rev Resp Dis99365371PubMed
17.
Zurück zum Zitat D’Alessandro, A, Kuschner, W, Wong, H, Boushey, HA, Blanc, PD 1996Exaggerated responses to chlorine inhalation among persons with non-specific airways hyperreactivityChest10933137PubMed D’Alessandro, A, Kuschner, W, Wong, H, Boushey, HA, Blanc, PD 1996Exaggerated responses to chlorine inhalation among persons with non-specific airways hyperreactivityChest10933137PubMed
18.
Zurück zum Zitat Deschamps, D, Soler, P, Rosenberg, N, Baud, F, Gervais, P 1994Persistent asthma after inhalation of a mixture of sodium hypochlorite and hydrochloric acidChest10518956PubMed Deschamps, D, Soler, P, Rosenberg, N, Baud, F, Gervais, P 1994Persistent asthma after inhalation of a mixture of sodium hypochlorite and hydrochloric acidChest10518956PubMed
19.
Zurück zum Zitat Donnelly, SC, FitzGerald, MX 1990Reactive airways dysfunction syndrome (RADS) due to chlorine gas exposureIr J Med Sci.1592756PubMed Donnelly, SC, FitzGerald, MX 1990Reactive airways dysfunction syndrome (RADS) due to chlorine gas exposureIr J Med Sci.1592756PubMed
20.
Zurück zum Zitat Eiserich, JP, Cross, CE, Jones, AD, Halliwell, B, Vliet, A 1996Formation of nitrating and chlorinating species by reaction of nitrite with hypochlorous acid. A novel mechanism for nitric oxide-mediated protein modificationJ Biol Chem.27119199208CrossRefPubMed Eiserich, JP, Cross, CE, Jones, AD, Halliwell, B, Vliet, A 1996Formation of nitrating and chlorinating species by reaction of nitrite with hypochlorous acid. A novel mechanism for nitric oxide-mediated protein modificationJ Biol Chem.27119199208CrossRefPubMed
21.
Zurück zum Zitat Enarson, DA, Johnson, A, Block, G, et al. 1984Respiratory health at a pulpmill in British ColumbiaArch Environ Health3932530PubMed Enarson, DA, Johnson, A, Block, G,  et al. 1984Respiratory health at a pulpmill in British ColumbiaArch Environ Health3932530PubMed
22.
Zurück zum Zitat Ferris, BG,Jr, Burgess, WA, Worcester, J 1967Prevalence of chronic respiratory disease in a pulp mill and a paper mill in the United StatesBr J Ind Med242637PubMed Ferris, BG,Jr, Burgess, WA, Worcester, J 1967Prevalence of chronic respiratory disease in a pulp mill and a paper mill in the United StatesBr J Ind Med242637PubMed
23.
Zurück zum Zitat Gautrin, D, LeroyerC, , Infante-Rivard, C, et al. 1999Longitudinal assessment of airway caliber and responsiveness in workers exposed to chlorineAm J Respir Grit Care Med.16012327 Gautrin, D, LeroyerC, , Infante-Rivard, C,  et al. 1999Longitudinal assessment of airway caliber and responsiveness in workers exposed to chlorineAm J Respir Grit Care Med.16012327
24.
Zurück zum Zitat Gilchrist, HI, Matz, PB 1933The residual effects of warfare gases--the use of chlorine gas, with report of casesMed Bull Vet Admin922970 Gilchrist, HI, Matz, PB 1933The residual effects of warfare gases--the use of chlorine gas, with report of casesMed Bull Vet Admin922970
25.
Zurück zum Zitat Gunn JA1920The action of chlorine, etc., on the bronchiJ. Med.13121 Gunn JA1920The action of chlorine, etc., on the bronchiJ. Med.13121
26.
Zurück zum Zitat Hasan, FM, Gehshan, A, Fuleihan, FJ 1983Resolution of pulmonary dysfunction following acute chlorine exposureArch Environ Health387680PubMed Hasan, FM, Gehshan, A, Fuleihan, FJ 1983Resolution of pulmonary dysfunction following acute chlorine exposureArch Environ Health387680PubMed
27.
Zurück zum Zitat Henneberger, PK, Ferris, BG,Jr, Sheehe, PR 1993Accidental gassing incidents and the pulmonary function of pulp mill workersAm Rev Respir Dis.148637PubMed Henneberger, PK, Ferris, BG,Jr, Sheehe, PR 1993Accidental gassing incidents and the pulmonary function of pulp mill workersAm Rev Respir Dis.148637PubMed
28.
Zurück zum Zitat Hoveid P1956The chlorine gas accident in Mjondalen 26 January 1940. A post-investigationNord Hyg Tidskr375966 Hoveid P1956The chlorine gas accident in Mjondalen 26 January 1940. A post-investigationNord Hyg Tidskr375966
29.
Zurück zum Zitat Humerfelt, S, Gulsvik, A, Skjaerven, R, et al. 1993Decline in FEV1 and airflow limitation related to occupational exposures in men of an urban communityEur Respir J.610951103PubMed Humerfelt, S, Gulsvik, A, Skjaerven, R,  et al. 1993Decline in FEV1 and airflow limitation related to occupational exposures in men of an urban communityEur Respir J.610951103PubMed
30.
Zurück zum Zitat Jones, AT 1952Noxious gases and fumesProc. Roc. Society Med.45609610 Jones, AT 1952Noxious gases and fumesProc. Roc. Society Med.45609610
31.
Zurück zum Zitat Jones, RN, Hughes, JM, Glindmeyer, H, Weill, H 1986Lung function after acute chlorine exposureARRD13411901195 Jones, RN, Hughes, JM, Glindmeyer, H, Weill, H 1986Lung function after acute chlorine exposureARRD13411901195
32.
Zurück zum Zitat Joy, RJT 1997Textbook of Military Medicine: Medical Aspects of Chemical and Biological Warfare: Chapter 3 Historical Aspects of Medical Defense Against Chemical Warfare. Office of the Surgeon General, Department of the ArmyUS Government Printing OfficeWashington, DC87109 Joy, RJT 1997Textbook of Military Medicine: Medical Aspects of Chemical and Biological Warfare: Chapter 3 Historical Aspects of Medical Defense Against Chemical Warfare. Office of the Surgeon General, Department of the ArmyUS Government Printing OfficeWashington, DC87109
33.
Zurück zum Zitat Joyner, RE, Durel, EG 1962Accidental liquid chlorine spill in a rural communityJ Occup Med415254PubMed Joyner, RE, Durel, EG 1962Accidental liquid chlorine spill in a rural communityJ Occup Med415254PubMed
34.
Zurück zum Zitat Kales, SN, Polyhronopoulos, GN, Castro, MJ, Goldman, RH, Christiani, DC 1997Mechanisms of and facility types involved in hazardous materials incidentsEnviron Health Perspect1059981001PubMed Kales, SN, Polyhronopoulos, GN, Castro, MJ, Goldman, RH, Christiani, DC 1997Mechanisms of and facility types involved in hazardous materials incidentsEnviron Health Perspect1059981001PubMed
35.
Zurück zum Zitat Kaufman, J, Burkons, D 1971Clinical, roentgenologic, and physiologic effects of acute chlorine exposureArch Environ Health232934PubMed Kaufman, J, Burkons, D 1971Clinical, roentgenologic, and physiologic effects of acute chlorine exposureArch Environ Health232934PubMed
36.
Zurück zum Zitat Kennedy, SM, Enarson, DA, Janssen, RG, Chan-Yeung, M 1991Lung health consequences of reported accidental chlorine gas exposures among pulpmill workersAm Rev Respir Dis.143749PubMed Kennedy, SM, Enarson, DA, Janssen, RG, Chan-Yeung, M 1991Lung health consequences of reported accidental chlorine gas exposures among pulpmill workersAm Rev Respir Dis.143749PubMed
37.
Zurück zum Zitat Kowitz, TA, Reba, RC, Parker, RT, Spicer, WS,Jr 1967Effects of chlorine gas upon respiratory functionArch Env Health14545558 Kowitz, TA, Reba, RC, Parker, RT, Spicer, WS,Jr 1967Effects of chlorine gas upon respiratory functionArch Env Health14545558
38.
Zurück zum Zitat Laciak, J, Sipa, K 1958The importance of testing the olfaction of workers in some branches of the chemical industryMed Pr98590 Laciak, J, Sipa, K 1958The importance of testing the olfaction of workers in some branches of the chemical industryMed Pr98590
39.
Zurück zum Zitat Lane, DA, Thomson, BA 1981Monitoring a chlorine spill from a train derailmentJ Air Pollut Control Assoc.31122127 Lane, DA, Thomson, BA 1981Monitoring a chlorine spill from a train derailmentJ Air Pollut Control Assoc.31122127
40.
Zurück zum Zitat Lawson, J 1981Chlorine exposure: a challenge to the physicianAm Fam Phys23135138 Lawson, J 1981Chlorine exposure: a challenge to the physicianAm Fam Phys23135138
41.
Zurück zum Zitat Leduc, D, Gris, P, Lheureux, P, et al. 1992Acute and long-term respiratory damage following inhalation of ammoniaThorax477557PubMed Leduc, D, Gris, P, Lheureux, P,  et al. 1992Acute and long-term respiratory damage following inhalation of ammoniaThorax477557PubMed
42.
Zurück zum Zitat Leroyer, C, Malo, JL, Infante-Rivard, C, Dufour, JG, Gautrin, D 1998Changes in airway function and bronchial responsiveness after acute occupational exposure to chlorine leading to treatment in a first aid unitOccup Envir Med55356359 Leroyer, C, Malo, JL, Infante-Rivard, C, Dufour, JG, Gautrin, D 1998Changes in airway function and bronchial responsiveness after acute occupational exposure to chlorine leading to treatment in a first aid unitOccup Envir Med55356359
43.
Zurück zum Zitat Leube, G, Kreiter, H 1971Acute chlorine gas-observations on 90 patients with acute intoxicationMed Klin6635457PubMed Leube, G, Kreiter, H 1971Acute chlorine gas-observations on 90 patients with acute intoxicationMed Klin6635457PubMed
44.
Zurück zum Zitat Malo, JL, Cartier, A, Boulet, LP, et al. 1994Bronchial hyperresponsiveness can improve while spirometry plateaus two to three years after repeated exposure to chlorine causing respiratory symptomsAm J Respir Grit Care Med15011425 Malo, JL, Cartier, A, Boulet, LP,  et al. 1994Bronchial hyperresponsiveness can improve while spirometry plateaus two to three years after repeated exposure to chlorine causing respiratory symptomsAm J Respir Grit Care Med15011425
45.
Zurück zum Zitat Martin, JG, Campbell, HR, lijima, H, et al. 2003Chlorine-induced injury to the airways in miceAm J Respir Grit Care Med.16856874CrossRef Martin, JG, Campbell, HR, lijima, H,  et al. 2003Chlorine-induced injury to the airways in miceAm J Respir Grit Care Med.16856874CrossRef
46.
Zurück zum Zitat McCord, CP 1926Industrial poisoning from low concentrations of chlorine gasJAMA86168788 McCord, CP 1926Industrial poisoning from low concentrations of chlorine gasJAMA86168788
47.
Zurück zum Zitat Meakins JC:1919after-effects of chlorine gas poisoningCan Med Assoc J996874 Meakins JC:1919after-effects of chlorine gas poisoningCan Med Assoc J996874
48.
Zurück zum Zitat Moore, BB, Sherman, M 1991Chronic reactive airway disease following acute chlorine gas exposure in an asymptomatic atopic patientChest1008556PubMed Moore, BB, Sherman, M 1991Chronic reactive airway disease following acute chlorine gas exposure in an asymptomatic atopic patientChest1008556PubMed
49.
Zurück zum Zitat Moulick, ND, Banavali, S, Abhyankar, AD, et al. 1992Acute accidental exposure to chlorine fumes—a study of 82 casesIndian J Chest Dis Allied Sci34859PubMed Moulick, ND, Banavali, S, Abhyankar, AD,  et al. 1992Acute accidental exposure to chlorine fumes—a study of 82 casesIndian J Chest Dis Allied Sci34859PubMed
50.
Zurück zum Zitat Nodelman, V, Ultman, JS 1999Longitudinal distribution of chlorine absorption in human airways: a comparison of nasal and oral quiet breathingJ Appl Physiol.86198493PubMed Nodelman, V, Ultman, JS 1999Longitudinal distribution of chlorine absorption in human airways: a comparison of nasal and oral quiet breathingJ Appl Physiol.86198493PubMed
51.
Zurück zum Zitat Nodelman, V, Ultman, JS 1999Longitudinal distribution of chlorine absorption in human airways: a comparison to ozone absorptionJ Appl Physiol87207380PubMed Nodelman, V, Ultman, JS 1999Longitudinal distribution of chlorine absorption in human airways: a comparison to ozone absorptionJ Appl Physiol87207380PubMed
52.
Zurück zum Zitat Olin, AC, Ljungkvist, G, Bake, B, Hagberg, S, Henriksson, L, Toren, K 1999Exhaled nitric oxide among pulpmill workers reporting gassing incidents involving ozone and chlorine dioxideEur Respir J14828831CrossRefPubMed Olin, AC, Ljungkvist, G, Bake, B, Hagberg, S, Henriksson, L, Toren, K 1999Exhaled nitric oxide among pulpmill workers reporting gassing incidents involving ozone and chlorine dioxideEur Respir J14828831CrossRefPubMed
53.
Zurück zum Zitat Patil, LR, Smith, RG, Vorwald, AJ, Mooney, TF,Jr 1970The health of diaphragm cell workers exposed to chlorineAm Ind Hyg Assoc J.3167886PubMed Patil, LR, Smith, RG, Vorwald, AJ, Mooney, TF,Jr 1970The health of diaphragm cell workers exposed to chlorineAm Ind Hyg Assoc J.3167886PubMed
54.
Zurück zum Zitat Phillip, R, Shepperd, C, Fawthrop, F, Poulsom, B 1985Domestic chlorine poisoningLancet2495CrossRef Phillip, R, Shepperd, C, Fawthrop, F, Poulsom, B 1985Domestic chlorine poisoningLancet2495CrossRef
55.
Zurück zum Zitat Ploysongsang, Y, Beach, BC, DiLisio, RE 1982Pulmonary function changes after acute inhalation of chlorine gasSo. Med. J.752326 Ploysongsang, Y, Beach, BC, DiLisio, RE 1982Pulmonary function changes after acute inhalation of chlorine gasSo. Med. J.752326
56.
Zurück zum Zitat Romcke, O, Evensen, OK 1940The chlorine poisoning in MjondalenNord Med7122426 Romcke, O, Evensen, OK 1940The chlorine poisoning in MjondalenNord Med7122426
57.
Zurück zum Zitat Rotman, HH, Fliegelman, MJ, Moore, T, et al. 1983Effects of low concentrations of chlorine on pulmonary function in humansJ Appl Physiol5411201124CrossRefPubMed Rotman, HH, Fliegelman, MJ, Moore, T,  et al. 1983Effects of low concentrations of chlorine on pulmonary function in humansJ Appl Physiol5411201124CrossRefPubMed
58.
59.
Zurück zum Zitat Schins, RP, Emmen, H, Hoogendijk, L, Borm, PJ 2000Nasal inflammatory and respiratory parameters in human volunteers during and after repeated exposure to chlorineEur Respir J.1662632CrossRefPubMed Schins, RP, Emmen, H, Hoogendijk, L, Borm, PJ 2000Nasal inflammatory and respiratory parameters in human volunteers during and after repeated exposure to chlorineEur Respir J.1662632CrossRefPubMed
60.
Zurück zum Zitat Schonhofer, B, Voshaar, T, Kohler, D 1996Long-term lung sequelae following accidental chlorine gas exposureRespiration631559PubMed Schonhofer, B, Voshaar, T, Kohler, D 1996Long-term lung sequelae following accidental chlorine gas exposureRespiration631559PubMed
61.
Zurück zum Zitat Schwartz, DA, Smith, DD, Lakshminarayan, S 1990The pulmonary sequelae associated with accidental inhalation of chlorine gasChest978205PubMed Schwartz, DA, Smith, DD, Lakshminarayan, S 1990The pulmonary sequelae associated with accidental inhalation of chlorine gasChest978205PubMed
62.
Zurück zum Zitat Sessa, T, Peccora, L, Vecchione, G, Mole, R 1970Cardiorespiratory function in bronchopneumopathies caused by irritant gasesPoumon Coeur2610971107PubMed Sessa, T, Peccora, L, Vecchione, G, Mole, R 1970Cardiorespiratory function in bronchopneumopathies caused by irritant gasesPoumon Coeur2610971107PubMed
63.
Zurück zum Zitat Toren, K, Blanc, P 1997The history of pulp and paper bleaching: respiratory health effectsLancet34813161318CrossRef Toren, K, Blanc, P 1997The history of pulp and paper bleaching: respiratory health effectsLancet34813161318CrossRef
64.
Zurück zum Zitat Weill, H 1969Late evaluation of pulmonary function after acute exposure to chlorine gasAm Rev Resp Dis99374379PubMed Weill, H 1969Late evaluation of pulmonary function after acute exposure to chlorine gasAm Rev Resp Dis99374379PubMed
65.
Zurück zum Zitat Winder C2001The toxicology of chlorineEnviron Res Sect A.85105114 Winder C2001The toxicology of chlorineEnviron Res Sect A.85105114
66.
Zurück zum Zitat Wolf, DC, Morgan, KT, Gross, EA, et al. 1995Two-year inhalation exposure of female and male B6C3F1 mice and F344 rats to chlorine gas induces lesions confined to the noseFundam Appl Toxicol24111131CrossRefPubMed Wolf, DC, Morgan, KT, Gross, EA,  et al. 1995Two-year inhalation exposure of female and male B6C3F1 mice and F344 rats to chlorine gas induces lesions confined to the noseFundam Appl Toxicol24111131CrossRefPubMed
Metadaten
Titel
Chlorine: State of the Art
verfasst von
Richard B. Evans, MD, MPH
Publikationsdatum
01.06.2005
Erschienen in
Lung / Ausgabe 3/2005
Print ISSN: 0341-2040
Elektronische ISSN: 1432-1750
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00408-004-2530-3

Weitere Artikel der Ausgabe 3/2005

Lung 3/2005 Zur Ausgabe

Leitlinien kompakt für die Innere Medizin

Mit medbee Pocketcards sicher entscheiden.

Seit 2022 gehört die medbee GmbH zum Springer Medizin Verlag

Erhebliches Risiko für Kehlkopfkrebs bei mäßiger Dysplasie

29.05.2024 Larynxkarzinom Nachrichten

Fast ein Viertel der Personen mit mäßig dysplastischen Stimmlippenläsionen entwickelt einen Kehlkopftumor. Solche Personen benötigen daher eine besonders enge ärztliche Überwachung.

Nach Herzinfarkt mit Typ-1-Diabetes schlechtere Karten als mit Typ 2?

29.05.2024 Herzinfarkt Nachrichten

Bei Menschen mit Typ-2-Diabetes sind die Chancen, einen Myokardinfarkt zu überleben, in den letzten 15 Jahren deutlich gestiegen – nicht jedoch bei Betroffenen mit Typ 1.

15% bedauern gewählte Blasenkrebs-Therapie

29.05.2024 Urothelkarzinom Nachrichten

Ob Patienten und Patientinnen mit neu diagnostiziertem Blasenkrebs ein Jahr später Bedauern über die Therapieentscheidung empfinden, wird einer Studie aus England zufolge von der Radikalität und dem Erfolg des Eingriffs beeinflusst.

Costims – das nächste heiße Ding in der Krebstherapie?

28.05.2024 Onkologische Immuntherapie Nachrichten

„Kalte“ Tumoren werden heiß – CD28-kostimulatorische Antikörper sollen dies ermöglichen. Am besten könnten diese in Kombination mit BiTEs und Checkpointhemmern wirken. Erste klinische Studien laufen bereits.

Update Innere Medizin

Bestellen Sie unseren Fach-Newsletter und bleiben Sie gut informiert.