Introduction
Methods
Study design, patient enrollment and demographics
Statistical analysis
Results
Patient demographics, number of revision surgeries, major complications
Infected nonunion [n/%] | ||
---|---|---|
Patients | Total number | 42 |
Gender | Female | 16/38 |
Male | 26/62 | |
Fracture localization | Humerus | 2/5 |
Radius/ulna | 3/7 | |
Femur | 11/26 | |
Tibia/fibula | 26/62 | |
ASA score | 1 | 2/5 |
2 | 26/62 | |
3 | 12/29 | |
BMI [kg/m2] | < 18.5 | – |
18.5–25.0 | 14/35 | |
25.0–30.0 | 9/23 | |
> 30.0 | 17/43 | |
Fracture | Closed | 22/54 |
Open | 19/46 | |
Postoperative outcome | Successful healing | 36/86 |
Major complications | 6/14 | |
Revision surgeries [n] | 1–4 | 18/43 |
> 5 | 24/57 |
Revision surgeries | Pearson χ2 test | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1–4 [n/%] | ≥ 5 [n/%] | [Value/df] | p value | ||
Total | 18/43 | 24/57 | |||
Gender | Female | 7/44 | 9/42 | 0.01/1 | 0.6 |
Male | 11/56 | 15/58 | |||
Fracture localization | 1 Humerus | 2/11 | – | 4.1/3 | 0.3 |
2 Radius/ulna | 1/6 | 2/8 | |||
3 Femur | 6/33 | 5/21 | |||
4 Tibia/fibula | 9/50.0 | 17/71 | |||
ASA | 1 | – | 2/9 | 2.5/2 | 0.4 |
2 | 13/77 | 13/57 | |||
3 | 4/23 | 8/35 | |||
BMI [kg/m2] | < 18.5 | – | – | 1.0/2 | 0.6 |
18.5–25.0 | 6/35 | 8/35 | |||
25.0–30.0 | 5/29 | 4/17 | |||
> 30.0 | 6/ 35 | 11/48 | |||
Fracture | Closed | 11/61 | 11/48 | 0.7/1 | 0.5 |
Open | 7/39 | 12/52 |
1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Complication | Relapse of infection after 2 years | Above knee amputation | Transtibial amputation | Reinfection after arthrodesis | Above knee amputation | Death, heart failure |
Age [years] | 85 | 57 | 34 | 58 | 40 | 69 |
Gender | Female | Male | Female | Female | Male | Female |
ASA | 2 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 3 |
BMI [kg/m2] | 38.3 | 41.7 | 46.9 | 46.5 | 26.3 | 22.2 |
AO fracture localization | 44-C1 | 42-C3 | 43-C3 | 44-C1 | 42-C2 | 41-A2 |
Fracture type | Closed | Open | Open | Closed | Closed | Open |
Revision surgery [n] | 6 | 5 | 18 | 7 | 2 | 5 |
Number of germs [n] | 1 | 4 | 5 | 2 | 1 | 2 |
Microbial detection | Course of treatment | Course of treatment | Course of treatment | Course of treatment | First revision | Course of Treatment |
Repeated germ detection | No | No | Yes | No | No | Yes |
Germ-changes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | No | Yes |
Microbiological findings
Revision surgeries | Pearson χ2 test | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1–4 [n/%] | ≥ 5 [n/%] | [Value/df] | p Value | ||
Total | 18/43 | 24/57 | |||
Germ changes | No | 17/94 | 4/17 | 25/1 | p < 0.001 |
Yes | 1/6 | 20/83 | |||
Microbial detection | Only first operation | 17/94 | 1/4 | 34/1 | p < 0.001 |
Course of treatment | 1/6 | 23/96 | |||
Type of infection at first revision surgery | Monomicrobial | 14/78 | 22/92 | 1.6/1 | 0.4 |
Polymicrobial | 4/22 | 2/8 | |||
Repeated germ detection in course of follow-up surgeries | No | 17/94 | 9/38 | 14/1 | p < 0.001 |
Yes | 1/6 | 15/62 | |||
Number of repeated germ detection in course of follow-up surgeries | 1 | – | – | 3.5/3 | 0.4 |
2 | – | 11/69 | |||
3 | 1/100.0 | 3/19 | |||
4 | – | – | |||
5 | – | 1/6 | |||
6 | – | 1/6 | |||
Number of detected germs in course of surgical treatment | 1 | 13/72 | 4/17 | 15/4 | 0.001 |
2 | 4/22 | 8/33 | |||
3 | 1/6 | 8/33 | |||
4 | – | 3/13 | |||
5 | – | 1/4 |