Effectiveness of anakinra in rheumatic disease in patients naive to biological drugs or previously on TNF blocking drugs: an observational study

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of IL-1 inhibition in rheumatic disease using real-life, observational methods. We analyzed data from 47 patients collected from the national ROB-FIN for rheumatic disease. Commonly used, validated measures of efficacy and adverse effects were documented and analyzed. The series contains 47/1,135 patients (mean age 47±11 years, range 25–73, females 83%) on anakinra of whom 39 patients suffered from rheumatoid arthritis (RA), two presented with psoriatic arthritis, and four with juvenile RA. At 3 months (26/40), 46% reached American College of Rheumatology (ACR) 20 and 27% ACR 50. In patients naive to biological drugs, the response rate at 3 months was 60% for ACR 20 and 20% for ACR 50. At follow-up of the total series, ACR responses at 6 and 12 months were 69/56% for ACR 20 and 23/22% for ACR 50. These data give room for IL-1 suppression when treating patient with rheumatic disease. Careful selection of patients, together with combining anakinra with disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs, perhaps adds effectiveness. For treating clinicians in Finland, these results are encouraging, as reimbursed treatment alternatives for patients refractory to all other therapies are still few.