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Erschienen in:
01.09.2012 | Case Based Review
Systematic review of the literature and a case report informing biopsy-proven giant cell arteritis (GCA) with normal C-reactive protein
Erschienen in: Clinical Rheumatology | Ausgabe 9/2012
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Giant cell arteritis (GCA) is a vasculitis of large- vessels. A markedly elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels are characteristics of GCA, although temporal artery biopsy remains the gold standard for the diagnosis. We describe a case of biopsy-proven GCA showing a heavy infiltration of CD68 macrophages and CD3 T cells and with normal ESR and CRP levels at diagnosis.
Key points
(1) GCA may occur with normal ESR in a percentage of about 4 to 15 % (although the American College of Rheumatology classification criteria for giant cell arteritis include an ESR of 50 mm/h or more), while it can occur with normal ESR and normal CRP in a percentage of about 0.8 %. So, the clinical suspicion must be confirmed with a positive biopsy.
(2) GCA patients with ESR >40 mm/h are characterized by higher incidence of headache and jaw claudication compared to patients with normal ESR. In our case, it occurred with normal ESR.
(3) Color duplex ultrasonography is a noninvasive, easy, and inexpensive method for supporting a diagnosis of TA, with a high sensitivity and specificity. It can predict which patient will need TAB.