Skip to main content
Erschienen in: Digestive Diseases and Sciences 9/2016

22.04.2016 | Review

Changes of HBV DNA After Chemoembolization for Hepatocellular Carcinoma and the Efficacy of Antiviral Treatment

verfasst von: Xiao-Jun Lin, Xiang-Ming Lao, Ming Shi, Sheng-Ping Li

Erschienen in: Digestive Diseases and Sciences | Ausgabe 9/2016

Einloggen, um Zugang zu erhalten

Abstract

Unlike systemic chemotherapy for hematological malignancies with hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) for HBV-related hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has only recently been reported to cause HBV reactivation and subsequent hepatitis. Most patients with HBV-related HCC have an underlying disease with liver fibrosis or cirrhosis, and TACE may potentially induce HBV reactivation and liver decompensation. Currently, there are no clinical guidelines for managing TACE-caused HBV reactivation. In this review, we summarize the changes of HBV status and liver function after TACE and the effect of antiviral treatment before, during, or after TACE.
Literatur
1.
Zurück zum Zitat Ferlay J, Shin HR, Bray F, et al. Estimates of worldwide burden of cancer in 2008: GLOBOCAN 2008. Int J Cancer. 2010;127:2893–2917.CrossRefPubMed Ferlay J, Shin HR, Bray F, et al. Estimates of worldwide burden of cancer in 2008: GLOBOCAN 2008. Int J Cancer. 2010;127:2893–2917.CrossRefPubMed
2.
Zurück zum Zitat Wei KR, Yu X, Zheng RS, et al. Incidence and mortality of liver cancer in China, 2010. Chin J Cancer. 2014;33:388–394.PubMedPubMedCentral Wei KR, Yu X, Zheng RS, et al. Incidence and mortality of liver cancer in China, 2010. Chin J Cancer. 2014;33:388–394.PubMedPubMedCentral
3.
Zurück zum Zitat Beasley RP, Hwang LY, Lin CC, et al. Hepatocellular carcinoma and hepatitis B virus. A prospective study of 22 707 men in Taiwan. Lancet. 1981;2:1129–1133.CrossRefPubMed Beasley RP, Hwang LY, Lin CC, et al. Hepatocellular carcinoma and hepatitis B virus. A prospective study of 22 707 men in Taiwan. Lancet. 1981;2:1129–1133.CrossRefPubMed
4.
Zurück zum Zitat Chen CF, Lee WC, Yang HI, et al. Changes in serum levels of HBV DNA and alanine aminotransferase determine risk for hepatocellular carcinoma. Gastroenterology. 2011;141:1240–1248. (1248 e1241–1248 e1242).CrossRefPubMed Chen CF, Lee WC, Yang HI, et al. Changes in serum levels of HBV DNA and alanine aminotransferase determine risk for hepatocellular carcinoma. Gastroenterology. 2011;141:1240–1248. (1248 e1241–1248 e1242).CrossRefPubMed
5.
Zurück zum Zitat Tsukuma H, Hiyama T, Tanaka S, et al. Risk factors for hepatocellular carcinoma among patients with chronic liver disease. N Engl J Med. 1993;328:1797–1801.CrossRefPubMed Tsukuma H, Hiyama T, Tanaka S, et al. Risk factors for hepatocellular carcinoma among patients with chronic liver disease. N Engl J Med. 1993;328:1797–1801.CrossRefPubMed
7.
Zurück zum Zitat Llovet JM, Real MI, Montana X, et al. Arterial embolisation or chemoembolisation versus symptomatic treatment in patients with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma: a randomised controlled trial. Lancet. 2002;359:1734–1739.CrossRefPubMed Llovet JM, Real MI, Montana X, et al. Arterial embolisation or chemoembolisation versus symptomatic treatment in patients with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma: a randomised controlled trial. Lancet. 2002;359:1734–1739.CrossRefPubMed
8.
Zurück zum Zitat Llovet JM, Bruix J. Systematic review of randomized trials for unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma: chemoembolization improves survival. Hepatology. 2003;37:429–442.CrossRefPubMed Llovet JM, Bruix J. Systematic review of randomized trials for unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma: chemoembolization improves survival. Hepatology. 2003;37:429–442.CrossRefPubMed
9.
Zurück zum Zitat Lee HS, Kim KM, Yoon JH, et al. Therapeutic efficacy of transcatheter arterial chemoembolization as compared with hepatic resection in hepatocellular carcinoma patients with compensated liver function in a hepatitis B virus-endemic area: a prospective cohort study. J Clin Oncol. 2002;20:4459–4465.CrossRefPubMed Lee HS, Kim KM, Yoon JH, et al. Therapeutic efficacy of transcatheter arterial chemoembolization as compared with hepatic resection in hepatocellular carcinoma patients with compensated liver function in a hepatitis B virus-endemic area: a prospective cohort study. J Clin Oncol. 2002;20:4459–4465.CrossRefPubMed
10.
Zurück zum Zitat Lo CM, Ngan H, Tso WK, et al. Randomized controlled trial of transarterial lipiodol chemoembolization for unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma. Hepatology. 2002;35:1164–1171.CrossRefPubMed Lo CM, Ngan H, Tso WK, et al. Randomized controlled trial of transarterial lipiodol chemoembolization for unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma. Hepatology. 2002;35:1164–1171.CrossRefPubMed
11.
Zurück zum Zitat Li M, Lu C, Cheng J, et al. Combination therapy with transarterial chemoembolization and interferon-alpha compared with transarterial chemoembolization alone for hepatitis B virus related unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma. J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2009;24:1437–1444.CrossRefPubMed Li M, Lu C, Cheng J, et al. Combination therapy with transarterial chemoembolization and interferon-alpha compared with transarterial chemoembolization alone for hepatitis B virus related unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma. J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2009;24:1437–1444.CrossRefPubMed
12.
Zurück zum Zitat Shi M, Lu LG, Fang WQ, et al. Roles played by chemolipiodolization and embolization in chemoembolization for hepatocellular carcinoma: single-blind, randomized trial. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2013;105:59–68.CrossRefPubMed Shi M, Lu LG, Fang WQ, et al. Roles played by chemolipiodolization and embolization in chemoembolization for hepatocellular carcinoma: single-blind, randomized trial. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2013;105:59–68.CrossRefPubMed
13.
Zurück zum Zitat Kruskal JB, Hlatky L, Hahnfeldt P, et al. In vivo and in vitro analysis of the effectiveness of doxorubicin combined with temporary arterial occlusion in liver tumors. J Vasc Interv Radiol. 1993;4:741–747.CrossRefPubMed Kruskal JB, Hlatky L, Hahnfeldt P, et al. In vivo and in vitro analysis of the effectiveness of doxorubicin combined with temporary arterial occlusion in liver tumors. J Vasc Interv Radiol. 1993;4:741–747.CrossRefPubMed
14.
Zurück zum Zitat Yuen MF. Need to improve awareness and management of hepatitis B reactivation in patients receiving immunosuppressive therapy. Hepatol Int. 2016;10:102–105.CrossRefPubMed Yuen MF. Need to improve awareness and management of hepatitis B reactivation in patients receiving immunosuppressive therapy. Hepatol Int. 2016;10:102–105.CrossRefPubMed
15.
Zurück zum Zitat Lau GK, Leung YH, Fong DY, et al. High hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA viral load as the most important risk factor for HBV reactivation in patients positive for HBV surface antigen undergoing autologous hematopoietic cell transplantation. Blood. 2002;99:2324–2330.CrossRefPubMed Lau GK, Leung YH, Fong DY, et al. High hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA viral load as the most important risk factor for HBV reactivation in patients positive for HBV surface antigen undergoing autologous hematopoietic cell transplantation. Blood. 2002;99:2324–2330.CrossRefPubMed
16.
Zurück zum Zitat Yeo W, Chan PK, Chan HL, et al. Hepatitis B virus reactivation during cytotoxic chemotherapy-enhanced viral replication precedes overt hepatitis. J Med Virol. 2001;65:473–477.CrossRefPubMed Yeo W, Chan PK, Chan HL, et al. Hepatitis B virus reactivation during cytotoxic chemotherapy-enhanced viral replication precedes overt hepatitis. J Med Virol. 2001;65:473–477.CrossRefPubMed
17.
Zurück zum Zitat Mindikoglu AL, Regev A, Schiff ER. Hepatitis B virus reactivation after cytotoxic chemotherapy: the disease and its prevention. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2006;4:1076–1081.CrossRefPubMed Mindikoglu AL, Regev A, Schiff ER. Hepatitis B virus reactivation after cytotoxic chemotherapy: the disease and its prevention. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2006;4:1076–1081.CrossRefPubMed
18.
Zurück zum Zitat Lok AS, Liang RH, Chiu EK, et al. Reactivation of hepatitis B virus replication in patients receiving cytotoxic therapy. Report of a prospective study. Gastroenterology. 1991;100:182–188.CrossRefPubMed Lok AS, Liang RH, Chiu EK, et al. Reactivation of hepatitis B virus replication in patients receiving cytotoxic therapy. Report of a prospective study. Gastroenterology. 1991;100:182–188.CrossRefPubMed
19.
Zurück zum Zitat Bruix J, Llovet JM. Hepatitis B virus and hepatocellular carcinoma. J Hepatol. 2003;39:S59–S63.CrossRefPubMed Bruix J, Llovet JM. Hepatitis B virus and hepatocellular carcinoma. J Hepatol. 2003;39:S59–S63.CrossRefPubMed
20.
Zurück zum Zitat Jang JW. Hepatitis B virus reactivation in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma undergoing anti-cancer therapy. World J Gastroenterol. 2014;20:7675–7685.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Jang JW. Hepatitis B virus reactivation in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma undergoing anti-cancer therapy. World J Gastroenterol. 2014;20:7675–7685.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
21.
Zurück zum Zitat Bruix J, Reig M, Sherman M. Evidence-based diagnosis, staging, and treatment of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. Gastroenterology. 2016;150:835–853.CrossRefPubMed Bruix J, Reig M, Sherman M. Evidence-based diagnosis, staging, and treatment of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. Gastroenterology. 2016;150:835–853.CrossRefPubMed
22.
Zurück zum Zitat Yeo W, Mok TS, Zee B, et al. A randomized phase III study of doxorubicin versus cisplatin/interferon alpha-2b/doxorubicin/fluorouracil (PIAF) combination chemotherapy for unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2005;97:1532–1538.CrossRefPubMed Yeo W, Mok TS, Zee B, et al. A randomized phase III study of doxorubicin versus cisplatin/interferon alpha-2b/doxorubicin/fluorouracil (PIAF) combination chemotherapy for unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2005;97:1532–1538.CrossRefPubMed
23.
Zurück zum Zitat Yeo W, Lam KC, Zee B, et al. Hepatitis B reactivation in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma undergoing systemic chemotherapy. Ann Oncol. 2004;15:1661–1666.CrossRefPubMed Yeo W, Lam KC, Zee B, et al. Hepatitis B reactivation in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma undergoing systemic chemotherapy. Ann Oncol. 2004;15:1661–1666.CrossRefPubMed
24.
Zurück zum Zitat Lalazar G, Rund D, Shouval D. Screening, prevention and treatment of viral hepatitis B reactivation in patients with haematological malignancies. Br J Haematol. 2007;136:699–712.CrossRefPubMed Lalazar G, Rund D, Shouval D. Screening, prevention and treatment of viral hepatitis B reactivation in patients with haematological malignancies. Br J Haematol. 2007;136:699–712.CrossRefPubMed
25.
Zurück zum Zitat Vogl TJ, Naguib NN, Nour-Eldin NE, et al. Review on transarterial chemoembolization in hepatocellular carcinoma: palliative, combined, neoadjuvant, bridging, and symptomatic indications. Eur J Radiol. 2009;72:505–516.CrossRefPubMed Vogl TJ, Naguib NN, Nour-Eldin NE, et al. Review on transarterial chemoembolization in hepatocellular carcinoma: palliative, combined, neoadjuvant, bridging, and symptomatic indications. Eur J Radiol. 2009;72:505–516.CrossRefPubMed
26.
Zurück zum Zitat Omata M, Lesmana LA, Tateishi R, et al. Asian Pacific Association for the Study of the Liver consensus recommendations on hepatocellular carcinoma. Hepatol Int.. 2010;4:439–474.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Omata M, Lesmana LA, Tateishi R, et al. Asian Pacific Association for the Study of the Liver consensus recommendations on hepatocellular carcinoma. Hepatol Int.. 2010;4:439–474.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
27.
Zurück zum Zitat Giunchedi P, Maestri M, Gavini E, et al. Transarterial chemoembolization of hepatocellular carcinoma. Agents and drugs: an overview. Part 1. Expert Opin Drug Deliv. 2013;10:679–690.CrossRefPubMed Giunchedi P, Maestri M, Gavini E, et al. Transarterial chemoembolization of hepatocellular carcinoma. Agents and drugs: an overview. Part 1. Expert Opin Drug Deliv. 2013;10:679–690.CrossRefPubMed
28.
29.
Zurück zum Zitat Tur-Kaspa R, Burk RD, Shaul Y, et al. Hepatitis B virus DNA contains a glucocorticoid-responsive element. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 1986;83:1627–1631.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Tur-Kaspa R, Burk RD, Shaul Y, et al. Hepatitis B virus DNA contains a glucocorticoid-responsive element. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 1986;83:1627–1631.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
30.
Zurück zum Zitat Cheng AL, Hsiung CA, Su IJ, et al. Steroid-free chemotherapy decreases risk of hepatitis B virus (HBV) reactivation in HBV-carriers with lymphoma. Hepatology. 2003;37:1320–1328.CrossRefPubMed Cheng AL, Hsiung CA, Su IJ, et al. Steroid-free chemotherapy decreases risk of hepatitis B virus (HBV) reactivation in HBV-carriers with lymphoma. Hepatology. 2003;37:1320–1328.CrossRefPubMed
31.
Zurück zum Zitat Cheung KS, Seto WK, Lai CL, et al. Prevention and management of hepatitis B virus reactivation in cancer patients. Hepatol Int. 2016;10:407–414.CrossRefPubMed Cheung KS, Seto WK, Lai CL, et al. Prevention and management of hepatitis B virus reactivation in cancer patients. Hepatol Int. 2016;10:407–414.CrossRefPubMed
32.
Zurück zum Zitat Evens AM, Jovanovic BD, Su YC, et al. Rituximab-associated hepatitis B virus (HBV) reactivation in lymphoproliferative diseases: meta-analysis and examination of FDA safety reports. Ann Oncol. 2011;22:1170–1180.CrossRefPubMed Evens AM, Jovanovic BD, Su YC, et al. Rituximab-associated hepatitis B virus (HBV) reactivation in lymphoproliferative diseases: meta-analysis and examination of FDA safety reports. Ann Oncol. 2011;22:1170–1180.CrossRefPubMed
33.
Zurück zum Zitat Yeo W, Johnson PJ. Diagnosis, prevention and management of hepatitis B virus reactivation during anticancer therapy. Hepatology. 2006;43:209–220.CrossRefPubMed Yeo W, Johnson PJ. Diagnosis, prevention and management of hepatitis B virus reactivation during anticancer therapy. Hepatology. 2006;43:209–220.CrossRefPubMed
34.
Zurück zum Zitat Idee JM, Guiu B. Use of Lipiodol as a drug-delivery system for transcatheter arterial chemoembolization of hepatocellular carcinoma: a review. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol. 2013;88:530–549.CrossRefPubMed Idee JM, Guiu B. Use of Lipiodol as a drug-delivery system for transcatheter arterial chemoembolization of hepatocellular carcinoma: a review. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol. 2013;88:530–549.CrossRefPubMed
35.
Zurück zum Zitat Raoul JL, Heresbach D, Bretagne JF, et al. Chemoembolization of hepatocellular carcinomas. A study of the biodistribution and pharmacokinetics of doxorubicin. Cancer. 1992;70:585–590.CrossRefPubMed Raoul JL, Heresbach D, Bretagne JF, et al. Chemoembolization of hepatocellular carcinomas. A study of the biodistribution and pharmacokinetics of doxorubicin. Cancer. 1992;70:585–590.CrossRefPubMed
36.
Zurück zum Zitat Ikoma A, Kawai N, Sato M, et al. Comparison of blood dynamics of anticancer drugs (cisplatin, mitomycin C, epirubicin) in treatment groups of hepatic arterial infusion, hepatic arterial infusion with lipiodol and transcatheter arterial chemoembolization with lipiodol plus gelatin sponge particles in a swine model. Hepatol Res. 2012;42:1227–1235.CrossRefPubMed Ikoma A, Kawai N, Sato M, et al. Comparison of blood dynamics of anticancer drugs (cisplatin, mitomycin C, epirubicin) in treatment groups of hepatic arterial infusion, hepatic arterial infusion with lipiodol and transcatheter arterial chemoembolization with lipiodol plus gelatin sponge particles in a swine model. Hepatol Res. 2012;42:1227–1235.CrossRefPubMed
37.
Zurück zum Zitat Varela M, Real MI, Burrel M, et al. Chemoembolization of hepatocellular carcinoma with drug eluting beads: efficacy and doxorubicin pharmacokinetics. J Hepatol. 2007;46:474–481.CrossRefPubMed Varela M, Real MI, Burrel M, et al. Chemoembolization of hepatocellular carcinoma with drug eluting beads: efficacy and doxorubicin pharmacokinetics. J Hepatol. 2007;46:474–481.CrossRefPubMed
38.
Zurück zum Zitat Hsieh MY, Lin ZY, Chen SH, et al. Risk factors for the leakage of chemotherapeutic agents into systemic circulation after transcatheter arterial chemoembolization of hepatocellular carcinoma. Kaohsiung J Med Sci. 2011;27:431–436.CrossRefPubMed Hsieh MY, Lin ZY, Chen SH, et al. Risk factors for the leakage of chemotherapeutic agents into systemic circulation after transcatheter arterial chemoembolization of hepatocellular carcinoma. Kaohsiung J Med Sci. 2011;27:431–436.CrossRefPubMed
39.
Zurück zum Zitat European Association for The Study of the L. EASL clinical practice guidelines: management of chronic hepatitis B virus infection. J Hepatol. 2012;57:167–185.CrossRef European Association for The Study of the L. EASL clinical practice guidelines: management of chronic hepatitis B virus infection. J Hepatol. 2012;57:167–185.CrossRef
40.
Zurück zum Zitat Wands JR, Chura CM, Roll FJ, et al. Serial studies of hepatitis-associated antigen and antibody in patients receiving antitumor chemotherapy for myeloproliferative and lymphoproliferative disorders. Gastroenterology. 1975;68:105–112.PubMed Wands JR, Chura CM, Roll FJ, et al. Serial studies of hepatitis-associated antigen and antibody in patients receiving antitumor chemotherapy for myeloproliferative and lymphoproliferative disorders. Gastroenterology. 1975;68:105–112.PubMed
41.
Zurück zum Zitat Vizzini GB, Luca A, Marino IR. Hepatitis B virus reactivation after a single session of transarterial chemoembolization in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. Ann Intern Med. 2003;138:691–692.CrossRefPubMed Vizzini GB, Luca A, Marino IR. Hepatitis B virus reactivation after a single session of transarterial chemoembolization in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. Ann Intern Med. 2003;138:691–692.CrossRefPubMed
42.
Zurück zum Zitat Hung HH, Su CW, Wu JC, et al. Reactivation of hepatitis B virus after transarterial chemo-embolization for hepatocellular carcinoma in one patient with negative hepatitis B surface antigen. J Hepatol. 2010;52:463–465.CrossRefPubMed Hung HH, Su CW, Wu JC, et al. Reactivation of hepatitis B virus after transarterial chemo-embolization for hepatocellular carcinoma in one patient with negative hepatitis B surface antigen. J Hepatol. 2010;52:463–465.CrossRefPubMed
43.
Zurück zum Zitat Tamori A, Nishiguchi S, Tanaka M, et al. Lamivudine therapy for hepatitis B virus reactivation in a patient receiving intra-arterial chemotherapy for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma. Hepatol Res. 2003;26:77–80.CrossRefPubMed Tamori A, Nishiguchi S, Tanaka M, et al. Lamivudine therapy for hepatitis B virus reactivation in a patient receiving intra-arterial chemotherapy for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma. Hepatol Res. 2003;26:77–80.CrossRefPubMed
44.
Zurück zum Zitat Jang JW, Kwon JH, You CR, et al. Risk of HBV reactivation according to viral status and treatment intensity in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. Antivir Ther. 2011;16:969–977.CrossRefPubMed Jang JW, Kwon JH, You CR, et al. Risk of HBV reactivation according to viral status and treatment intensity in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. Antivir Ther. 2011;16:969–977.CrossRefPubMed
45.
Zurück zum Zitat Hsu CH, Hsu HC, Chen HL, et al. Doxorubicin activates hepatitis B virus (HBV) replication in HBV-harboring hepatoblastoma cells. A possible novel mechanism of HBV reactivation in HBV carriers receiving systemic chemotherapy. Anticancer Res. 2004;24:3035–3040.PubMed Hsu CH, Hsu HC, Chen HL, et al. Doxorubicin activates hepatitis B virus (HBV) replication in HBV-harboring hepatoblastoma cells. A possible novel mechanism of HBV reactivation in HBV carriers receiving systemic chemotherapy. Anticancer Res. 2004;24:3035–3040.PubMed
46.
Zurück zum Zitat Xu L, Tu Z, Xu G, et al. Epirubicin directly promotes hepatitis B virus (HBV) replication in stable HBV-expressing cell lines: a novel mechanism of HBV reactivation following anticancer chemotherapy. Mol Med Rep. 2014;9:1345–1350.PubMed Xu L, Tu Z, Xu G, et al. Epirubicin directly promotes hepatitis B virus (HBV) replication in stable HBV-expressing cell lines: a novel mechanism of HBV reactivation following anticancer chemotherapy. Mol Med Rep. 2014;9:1345–1350.PubMed
47.
Zurück zum Zitat Chen YF, Chong CL, Wu YC, et al. Doxorubicin activates hepatitis B virus replication by elevation of p21 (Waf1/Cip1) and C/EBPalpha expression. PLoS One. 2015;10:e0131743.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Chen YF, Chong CL, Wu YC, et al. Doxorubicin activates hepatitis B virus replication by elevation of p21 (Waf1/Cip1) and C/EBPalpha expression. PLoS One. 2015;10:e0131743.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
48.
Zurück zum Zitat Jang JW, Choi JY, Bae SH, et al. Transarterial chemo-lipiodolization can reactivate hepatitis B virus replication in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. J Hepatol. 2004;41:427–435.CrossRefPubMed Jang JW, Choi JY, Bae SH, et al. Transarterial chemo-lipiodolization can reactivate hepatitis B virus replication in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. J Hepatol. 2004;41:427–435.CrossRefPubMed
49.
Zurück zum Zitat Jang JW, Choi JY, Bae SH, et al. A randomized controlled study of preemptive lamivudine in patients receiving transarterial chemo-lipiodolization. Hepatology. 2006;43:233–240.CrossRefPubMed Jang JW, Choi JY, Bae SH, et al. A randomized controlled study of preemptive lamivudine in patients receiving transarterial chemo-lipiodolization. Hepatology. 2006;43:233–240.CrossRefPubMed
50.
Zurück zum Zitat Shao W, Zhang F, Cong N, et al. The hepatitis B virus reactivation after transarterial chemoembolization in Chinese hepatocellular carcinoma patients with low serum hepatitis B virus DNA level. Ther Clin Risk Manag. 2015;11:1367–1370.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Shao W, Zhang F, Cong N, et al. The hepatitis B virus reactivation after transarterial chemoembolization in Chinese hepatocellular carcinoma patients with low serum hepatitis B virus DNA level. Ther Clin Risk Manag. 2015;11:1367–1370.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
51.
Zurück zum Zitat Lao XM, Luo G, Ye LT, et al. Effects of antiviral therapy on hepatitis B virus reactivation and liver function after resection or chemoembolization for hepatocellular carcinoma. Liver Int. 2013;33:595–604.CrossRefPubMed Lao XM, Luo G, Ye LT, et al. Effects of antiviral therapy on hepatitis B virus reactivation and liver function after resection or chemoembolization for hepatocellular carcinoma. Liver Int. 2013;33:595–604.CrossRefPubMed
52.
Zurück zum Zitat Lao XM, Wang D, Shi M, et al. Changes in hepatitis B virus DNA levels and liver function after transcatheter arterial chemoembolization of hepatocellular carcinoma. Hepatol Res. 2011;41:553–563.CrossRefPubMed Lao XM, Wang D, Shi M, et al. Changes in hepatitis B virus DNA levels and liver function after transcatheter arterial chemoembolization of hepatocellular carcinoma. Hepatol Res. 2011;41:553–563.CrossRefPubMed
53.
Zurück zum Zitat Lin CI, Lin ZY, Hsieh MY, et al. Potential risk factors for the reactivation of the replication of hepatitis B and C viruses after transcatheter arterial chemoembolization of hepatocellular carcinoma. Kaohsiung J Med Sci. 2011;27:554–559.CrossRefPubMed Lin CI, Lin ZY, Hsieh MY, et al. Potential risk factors for the reactivation of the replication of hepatitis B and C viruses after transcatheter arterial chemoembolization of hepatocellular carcinoma. Kaohsiung J Med Sci. 2011;27:554–559.CrossRefPubMed
54.
Zurück zum Zitat Marzano A, Angelucci E, Andreone P, et al. Prophylaxis and treatment of hepatitis B in immunocompromised patients. Dig Liver Dis. 2007;39:397–408.CrossRefPubMed Marzano A, Angelucci E, Andreone P, et al. Prophylaxis and treatment of hepatitis B in immunocompromised patients. Dig Liver Dis. 2007;39:397–408.CrossRefPubMed
55.
Zurück zum Zitat Cornberg M, Protzer U, Petersen J, et al. Prophylaxis, diagnosis and therapy of hepatitis B virus infection—the German guideline. Z Gastroenterol. 2011;49:871–930.CrossRefPubMed Cornberg M, Protzer U, Petersen J, et al. Prophylaxis, diagnosis and therapy of hepatitis B virus infection—the German guideline. Z Gastroenterol. 2011;49:871–930.CrossRefPubMed
56.
Zurück zum Zitat Peng JW, Lin GN, Xiao JJ, et al. Hepatitis B virus reactivation in hepatocellular carcinoma patients undergoing transcatheter arterial chemoembolization therapy. Asia Pac J Clin Oncol. 2012;8:356–361.CrossRefPubMed Peng JW, Lin GN, Xiao JJ, et al. Hepatitis B virus reactivation in hepatocellular carcinoma patients undergoing transcatheter arterial chemoembolization therapy. Asia Pac J Clin Oncol. 2012;8:356–361.CrossRefPubMed
57.
Zurück zum Zitat Jang JW, Kim YW, Lee SW, et al. Reactivation of hepatitis B virus in HBsAg-negative patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. PLoS One. 2015;10:e0122041.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Jang JW, Kim YW, Lee SW, et al. Reactivation of hepatitis B virus in HBsAg-negative patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. PLoS One. 2015;10:e0122041.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
58.
Zurück zum Zitat Ling WH, Soe PP, Pang AS, et al. Hepatitis B virus reactivation risk varies with different chemotherapy regimens commonly used in solid tumours. Br J Cancer. 2013;108:1931–1935.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Ling WH, Soe PP, Pang AS, et al. Hepatitis B virus reactivation risk varies with different chemotherapy regimens commonly used in solid tumours. Br J Cancer. 2013;108:1931–1935.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
59.
Zurück zum Zitat Park JW, Park KW, Cho SH, et al. Risk of hepatitis B exacerbation is low after transcatheter arterial chemoembolization therapy for patients with HBV-related hepatocellular carcinoma: report of a prospective study. Am J Gastroenterol. 2005;100:2194–2200.CrossRefPubMed Park JW, Park KW, Cho SH, et al. Risk of hepatitis B exacerbation is low after transcatheter arterial chemoembolization therapy for patients with HBV-related hepatocellular carcinoma: report of a prospective study. Am J Gastroenterol. 2005;100:2194–2200.CrossRefPubMed
60.
Zurück zum Zitat Nagamatsu H, Kumashiro R, Itano S, et al. Investigation of associating factors in exacerbation of liver damage after chemotherapy in patients with HBV-related HCC. Hepatol Res. 2003;26:293–301.CrossRefPubMed Nagamatsu H, Kumashiro R, Itano S, et al. Investigation of associating factors in exacerbation of liver damage after chemotherapy in patients with HBV-related HCC. Hepatol Res. 2003;26:293–301.CrossRefPubMed
61.
Zurück zum Zitat Xu J, Wang YH, Xia JL, et al. Effect of transcatheter arterial chemoembolization on HBV DNA level in primary liver cancer patients. Chin J Cancer. 2009;28:520–523. Xu J, Wang YH, Xia JL, et al. Effect of transcatheter arterial chemoembolization on HBV DNA level in primary liver cancer patients. Chin J Cancer. 2009;28:520–523.
62.
Zurück zum Zitat Xu X, Huang P, Tian H, et al. Role of lamivudine with transarterial chemoembolization in the survival of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2014;29:1273–1278.CrossRefPubMed Xu X, Huang P, Tian H, et al. Role of lamivudine with transarterial chemoembolization in the survival of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2014;29:1273–1278.CrossRefPubMed
63.
Zurück zum Zitat Wu IC, Chow NH, Cheng PN, et al. Characterization of viral kinetics in patients with hepatitis B e antigen-positive chronic hepatitis B. J Med Virol. 2007;79:663–669.CrossRefPubMed Wu IC, Chow NH, Cheng PN, et al. Characterization of viral kinetics in patients with hepatitis B e antigen-positive chronic hepatitis B. J Med Virol. 2007;79:663–669.CrossRefPubMed
64.
Zurück zum Zitat Huo TI, Wu JC, Lee PC, et al. Incidence and risk factors for acute renal failure in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma undergoing transarterial chemoembolization: a prospective study. Liver Int. 2004;24:210–215.CrossRefPubMed Huo TI, Wu JC, Lee PC, et al. Incidence and risk factors for acute renal failure in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma undergoing transarterial chemoembolization: a prospective study. Liver Int. 2004;24:210–215.CrossRefPubMed
65.
Zurück zum Zitat Huo TI, Lee SD, Wu JC. Hepatitis after arterial embolization for hepatocellular carcinoma: viral reactivation or ischemia? Hepatology. 2006;43:1400–1401.CrossRefPubMed Huo TI, Lee SD, Wu JC. Hepatitis after arterial embolization for hepatocellular carcinoma: viral reactivation or ischemia? Hepatology. 2006;43:1400–1401.CrossRefPubMed
66.
Zurück zum Zitat Chen CJ, Yang HI, Su J, et al. Risk of hepatocellular carcinoma across a biological gradient of serum hepatitis B virus DNA level. JAMA. 2006;295:65–73.CrossRefPubMed Chen CJ, Yang HI, Su J, et al. Risk of hepatocellular carcinoma across a biological gradient of serum hepatitis B virus DNA level. JAMA. 2006;295:65–73.CrossRefPubMed
67.
Zurück zum Zitat Shao YY, Chen PJ, Lin ZZ, et al. Impact of baseline hepatitis B viral DNA levels on survival of patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma. Anticancer Res. 2011;31:4007–4011.PubMed Shao YY, Chen PJ, Lin ZZ, et al. Impact of baseline hepatitis B viral DNA levels on survival of patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma. Anticancer Res. 2011;31:4007–4011.PubMed
68.
Zurück zum Zitat Jang JW, Choi JY, Bae SH, et al. The impact of hepatitis B viral load on recurrence after complete necrosis in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma who receive transarterial chemolipiodolization: implications for viral suppression to reduce the risk of cancer recurrence. Cancer. 2007;110:1760–1767.CrossRefPubMed Jang JW, Choi JY, Bae SH, et al. The impact of hepatitis B viral load on recurrence after complete necrosis in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma who receive transarterial chemolipiodolization: implications for viral suppression to reduce the risk of cancer recurrence. Cancer. 2007;110:1760–1767.CrossRefPubMed
69.
Zurück zum Zitat Yang T, Lu JH, Zhai J, et al. High viral load is associated with poor overall and recurrence-free survival of hepatitis B virus-related hepatocellular carcinoma after curative resection: a prospective cohort study. Eur J Surg Oncol. 2012;38:683–691.CrossRefPubMed Yang T, Lu JH, Zhai J, et al. High viral load is associated with poor overall and recurrence-free survival of hepatitis B virus-related hepatocellular carcinoma after curative resection: a prospective cohort study. Eur J Surg Oncol. 2012;38:683–691.CrossRefPubMed
70.
Zurück zum Zitat Wong GL. How does hepatitis B virus infection react to hepatocellular carcinoma treatment? J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2012;27:1–2.CrossRefPubMed Wong GL. How does hepatitis B virus infection react to hepatocellular carcinoma treatment? J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2012;27:1–2.CrossRefPubMed
71.
72.
Zurück zum Zitat Huang G, Lau WY, Wang ZG, et al. Antiviral therapy improves postoperative survival in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma: a randomized controlled trial. Ann Surg. 2015;261:56–66.CrossRefPubMed Huang G, Lau WY, Wang ZG, et al. Antiviral therapy improves postoperative survival in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma: a randomized controlled trial. Ann Surg. 2015;261:56–66.CrossRefPubMed
73.
Zurück zum Zitat Yin J, Li N, Han Y, et al. Effect of antiviral treatment with nucleotide/nucleoside analogs on postoperative prognosis of hepatitis B virus-related hepatocellular carcinoma: a two-stage longitudinal clinical study. J Clin Oncol. 2013;31:3647–3655.CrossRefPubMed Yin J, Li N, Han Y, et al. Effect of antiviral treatment with nucleotide/nucleoside analogs on postoperative prognosis of hepatitis B virus-related hepatocellular carcinoma: a two-stage longitudinal clinical study. J Clin Oncol. 2013;31:3647–3655.CrossRefPubMed
74.
Zurück zum Zitat Wu CY, Chen YJ, Ho HJ, et al. Association between nucleoside analogues and risk of hepatitis B virus-related hepatocellular carcinoma recurrence following liver resection. JAMA. 2012;308:1906–1914.CrossRefPubMed Wu CY, Chen YJ, Ho HJ, et al. Association between nucleoside analogues and risk of hepatitis B virus-related hepatocellular carcinoma recurrence following liver resection. JAMA. 2012;308:1906–1914.CrossRefPubMed
75.
Zurück zum Zitat Wong JS, Wong GL, Tsoi KK, et al. Meta-analysis: the efficacy of anti-viral therapy in prevention of recurrence after curative treatment of chronic hepatitis B-related hepatocellular carcinoma. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2011;33:1104–1112.CrossRefPubMed Wong JS, Wong GL, Tsoi KK, et al. Meta-analysis: the efficacy of anti-viral therapy in prevention of recurrence after curative treatment of chronic hepatitis B-related hepatocellular carcinoma. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2011;33:1104–1112.CrossRefPubMed
76.
Zurück zum Zitat Chong CC, Wong GL, Lai PB. Impact of antiviral therapy on post-hepatectomy outcome for hepatitis B-related hepatocellular carcinoma. World J Gastroenterol. 2014;20:6006–6012.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Chong CC, Wong GL, Lai PB. Impact of antiviral therapy on post-hepatectomy outcome for hepatitis B-related hepatocellular carcinoma. World J Gastroenterol. 2014;20:6006–6012.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
77.
Zurück zum Zitat Chen JL, Lin XJ, Zhou Q, et al. Association of HBV DNA replication with antiviral treatment outcomes in the patients with early-stage HBV-related hepatocellular carcinoma undergoing curative resection. Chin J Cancer. 2016;35:28.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Chen JL, Lin XJ, Zhou Q, et al. Association of HBV DNA replication with antiviral treatment outcomes in the patients with early-stage HBV-related hepatocellular carcinoma undergoing curative resection. Chin J Cancer. 2016;35:28.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
78.
Zurück zum Zitat Kim JH, Park JW, Koh DW, et al. Efficacy of lamivudine on hepatitis B viral status and liver function in patients with hepatitis B virus-related hepatocellular carcinoma. Liver Int. 2009;29:203–207.CrossRefPubMed Kim JH, Park JW, Koh DW, et al. Efficacy of lamivudine on hepatitis B viral status and liver function in patients with hepatitis B virus-related hepatocellular carcinoma. Liver Int. 2009;29:203–207.CrossRefPubMed
79.
Zurück zum Zitat Jin YJ, Shim JH, Lee HC, et al. Suppressive effects of entecavir on hepatitis B virus and hepatocellular carcinoma. J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2011;26:1380–1388.CrossRefPubMed Jin YJ, Shim JH, Lee HC, et al. Suppressive effects of entecavir on hepatitis B virus and hepatocellular carcinoma. J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2011;26:1380–1388.CrossRefPubMed
80.
Zurück zum Zitat Nagamatsu H, Itano S, Nagaoka S, et al. Prophylactic lamivudine administration prevents exacerbation of liver damage in HBe antigen positive patients with hepatocellular carcinoma undergoing transhepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy. Am J Gastroenterol. 2004;99:2369–2375.CrossRefPubMed Nagamatsu H, Itano S, Nagaoka S, et al. Prophylactic lamivudine administration prevents exacerbation of liver damage in HBe antigen positive patients with hepatocellular carcinoma undergoing transhepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy. Am J Gastroenterol. 2004;99:2369–2375.CrossRefPubMed
81.
Zurück zum Zitat Li X, Zhong X, Chen ZH, et al. Efficacy of prophylactic entecavir for hepatitis B virus-related hepatocellular carcinoma receiving transcatheter arterial chemoembolization. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev. 2015;16:8665–8670.CrossRefPubMed Li X, Zhong X, Chen ZH, et al. Efficacy of prophylactic entecavir for hepatitis B virus-related hepatocellular carcinoma receiving transcatheter arterial chemoembolization. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev. 2015;16:8665–8670.CrossRefPubMed
82.
Zurück zum Zitat Qu LS, Jin F, Huang XW, et al. High hepatitis B viral load predicts recurrence of small hepatocellular carcinoma after curative resection. J Gastrointest Surg. 2010;14:1111–1120.CrossRefPubMed Qu LS, Jin F, Huang XW, et al. High hepatitis B viral load predicts recurrence of small hepatocellular carcinoma after curative resection. J Gastrointest Surg. 2010;14:1111–1120.CrossRefPubMed
83.
Zurück zum Zitat Qu LS, Liu JX, Kuai XL, et al. Significance of viral status on recurrence of hepatitis B-related hepatocellular carcinoma after curative therapy: a meta-analysis. Hepatol Res. 2014;44:750–760.CrossRefPubMed Qu LS, Liu JX, Kuai XL, et al. Significance of viral status on recurrence of hepatitis B-related hepatocellular carcinoma after curative therapy: a meta-analysis. Hepatol Res. 2014;44:750–760.CrossRefPubMed
84.
Zurück zum Zitat Hung IF, Poon RT, Lai CL, et al. Recurrence of hepatitis B-related hepatocellular carcinoma is associated with high viral load at the time of resection. Am J Gastroenterol. 2008;103:1663–1673.CrossRefPubMed Hung IF, Poon RT, Lai CL, et al. Recurrence of hepatitis B-related hepatocellular carcinoma is associated with high viral load at the time of resection. Am J Gastroenterol. 2008;103:1663–1673.CrossRefPubMed
85.
Zurück zum Zitat Chong CC, Wong GL, Wong VW, et al. Antiviral therapy improves post-hepatectomy survival in patients with hepatitis B virus-related hepatocellular carcinoma: a prospective-retrospective study. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2015;41:199–208.CrossRefPubMed Chong CC, Wong GL, Wong VW, et al. Antiviral therapy improves post-hepatectomy survival in patients with hepatitis B virus-related hepatocellular carcinoma: a prospective-retrospective study. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2015;41:199–208.CrossRefPubMed
86.
Zurück zum Zitat Zhou Y, Zhang Z, Zhao Y, et al. Antiviral therapy decreases recurrence of hepatitis B virus-related hepatocellular carcinoma after curative resection: a meta-analysis. World J Surg. 2014;38:2395–2402.CrossRefPubMed Zhou Y, Zhang Z, Zhao Y, et al. Antiviral therapy decreases recurrence of hepatitis B virus-related hepatocellular carcinoma after curative resection: a meta-analysis. World J Surg. 2014;38:2395–2402.CrossRefPubMed
87.
Zurück zum Zitat Yu SJ, Lee JH, Jang ES, et al. Hepatocellular carcinoma: high hepatitis B viral load and mortality in patients treated with transarterial chemoembolization. Radiology. 2013;267:638–647.CrossRefPubMed Yu SJ, Lee JH, Jang ES, et al. Hepatocellular carcinoma: high hepatitis B viral load and mortality in patients treated with transarterial chemoembolization. Radiology. 2013;267:638–647.CrossRefPubMed
89.
Zurück zum Zitat Zhong JH. Nucleos(t)ide analogue therapy for HBV-related HCC after hepatic resection: clinical benefits and unanswered questions. Tumour Biol. 2014;35:12779–12784.CrossRefPubMed Zhong JH. Nucleos(t)ide analogue therapy for HBV-related HCC after hepatic resection: clinical benefits and unanswered questions. Tumour Biol. 2014;35:12779–12784.CrossRefPubMed
90.
Zurück zum Zitat Zhou ZG, Zheng XR, Zhou Q, et al. Impact of oral anti-hepatitis B therapy on the survival of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma initially treated with chemoembolization. Chin J Cancer. 2015;34:205–216.PubMed Zhou ZG, Zheng XR, Zhou Q, et al. Impact of oral anti-hepatitis B therapy on the survival of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma initially treated with chemoembolization. Chin J Cancer. 2015;34:205–216.PubMed
91.
Zurück zum Zitat Chan AC, Chok KS, Yuen WK, et al. Impact of antiviral therapy on the survival of patients after major hepatectomy for hepatitis B virus-related hepatocellular carcinoma. Arch Surg. 2011;146:675–681.CrossRefPubMed Chan AC, Chok KS, Yuen WK, et al. Impact of antiviral therapy on the survival of patients after major hepatectomy for hepatitis B virus-related hepatocellular carcinoma. Arch Surg. 2011;146:675–681.CrossRefPubMed
92.
Zurück zum Zitat Toyoda H, Kumada T, Tada T, et al. Transarterial chemoembolization for hepatitis B virus-associated hepatocellular carcinoma: improved survival after concomitant treatment with nucleoside analogues. J Vasc Interv Radiol. 2012;23:e311. Toyoda H, Kumada T, Tada T, et al. Transarterial chemoembolization for hepatitis B virus-associated hepatocellular carcinoma: improved survival after concomitant treatment with nucleoside analogues. J Vasc Interv Radiol. 2012;23:e311.
93.
Zurück zum Zitat Sarin SK, Kumar M, Lau GK, et al. Asian-Pacific clinical practice guidelines on the management of hepatitis B: a 2015 update. Hepatol Int. 2016;10:1–98.CrossRefPubMed Sarin SK, Kumar M, Lau GK, et al. Asian-Pacific clinical practice guidelines on the management of hepatitis B: a 2015 update. Hepatol Int. 2016;10:1–98.CrossRefPubMed
94.
Zurück zum Zitat Liaw YF, Kao JH, Piratvisuth T, et al. Asian-Pacific consensus statement on the management of chronic hepatitis B: a 2012 update. Hepatol Int. 2012;6:531–561.CrossRefPubMed Liaw YF, Kao JH, Piratvisuth T, et al. Asian-Pacific consensus statement on the management of chronic hepatitis B: a 2012 update. Hepatol Int. 2012;6:531–561.CrossRefPubMed
95.
Zurück zum Zitat Shin HS, Kim SU, Park JY, et al. Antiviral efficacy of lamivudine versus entecavir in patients with hepatitis B virus-related advanced hepatocellular carcinoma. J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2012;27:1528–1534.CrossRefPubMed Shin HS, Kim SU, Park JY, et al. Antiviral efficacy of lamivudine versus entecavir in patients with hepatitis B virus-related advanced hepatocellular carcinoma. J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2012;27:1528–1534.CrossRefPubMed
96.
Zurück zum Zitat Kim YW, Kwon JH, Chung E, et al. Short term virologic efficacies of telbivudine versus entecavir against hepatitis B-related hepatocellular carcinoma. Gastroenterol Res Pract. 2015;2015:181065.PubMedPubMedCentral Kim YW, Kwon JH, Chung E, et al. Short term virologic efficacies of telbivudine versus entecavir against hepatitis B-related hepatocellular carcinoma. Gastroenterol Res Pract. 2015;2015:181065.PubMedPubMedCentral
Metadaten
Titel
Changes of HBV DNA After Chemoembolization for Hepatocellular Carcinoma and the Efficacy of Antiviral Treatment
verfasst von
Xiao-Jun Lin
Xiang-Ming Lao
Ming Shi
Sheng-Ping Li
Publikationsdatum
22.04.2016
Verlag
Springer US
Erschienen in
Digestive Diseases and Sciences / Ausgabe 9/2016
Print ISSN: 0163-2116
Elektronische ISSN: 1573-2568
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10620-016-4167-5

Weitere Artikel der Ausgabe 9/2016

Digestive Diseases and Sciences 9/2016 Zur Ausgabe

Leitlinien kompakt für die Innere Medizin

Mit medbee Pocketcards sicher entscheiden.

Seit 2022 gehört die medbee GmbH zum Springer Medizin Verlag

Erhebliches Risiko für Kehlkopfkrebs bei mäßiger Dysplasie

29.05.2024 Larynxkarzinom Nachrichten

Fast ein Viertel der Personen mit mäßig dysplastischen Stimmlippenläsionen entwickelt einen Kehlkopftumor. Solche Personen benötigen daher eine besonders enge ärztliche Überwachung.

Nach Herzinfarkt mit Typ-1-Diabetes schlechtere Karten als mit Typ 2?

29.05.2024 Herzinfarkt Nachrichten

Bei Menschen mit Typ-2-Diabetes sind die Chancen, einen Myokardinfarkt zu überleben, in den letzten 15 Jahren deutlich gestiegen – nicht jedoch bei Betroffenen mit Typ 1.

15% bedauern gewählte Blasenkrebs-Therapie

29.05.2024 Urothelkarzinom Nachrichten

Ob Patienten und Patientinnen mit neu diagnostiziertem Blasenkrebs ein Jahr später Bedauern über die Therapieentscheidung empfinden, wird einer Studie aus England zufolge von der Radikalität und dem Erfolg des Eingriffs beeinflusst.

Costims – das nächste heiße Ding in der Krebstherapie?

28.05.2024 Onkologische Immuntherapie Nachrichten

„Kalte“ Tumoren werden heiß – CD28-kostimulatorische Antikörper sollen dies ermöglichen. Am besten könnten diese in Kombination mit BiTEs und Checkpointhemmern wirken. Erste klinische Studien laufen bereits.

Update Innere Medizin

Bestellen Sie unseren Fach-Newsletter und bleiben Sie gut informiert.