Introduction
The Clinical Need
The Current Evidence
Study | MI prevalence | Troponin assay | Copeptin assay | NPVa
| Comments |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Reichlin et al. [1] | ED population (single-center study). AMI 16.6 % (81/487). NSTEMI 10.5 % (51/487) | TnT (Roche Diagnostics, Germany) cutoff 0.01 μg/l | Copeptin KRYPTOR (Thermo Fisher B·R·A·H·M·S) cutoff 14 pmol/l | AMI 99.7 % | No NPV calculated for NSTEMI alone. At presentation, 25 % of patients were troponin-negative |
Keller et al. [8] | CPU population (3 study sites). AMI 21.6 % (299/1,386). NSTEMI 14.9 % (206/1,368) | TnI-Ultra (Siemens Healthcare) 40 ng/l (99th percentile) (all sites) | Copeptin KRYPTOR (Thermo Fisher B·R·A·H·M·S) | AMI: | 37.3 % of patients presented within 3 h after symptom onset; 58.2 % presented within 6 h after symptom onset |
9.8 pmol/l (95th percentile) | 99.0 % (96.6–99.9 %) | ||||
13 pmol/l (97.5th percentile) | 98.3 % (95.6–99.5 %) | ||||
18.9 pmol/l (99th percentile) | 98.4 % (96.1–99.6 %) | ||||
TnT (Roche Diagnostics) cutoff 30 ng/l (2 sites) | 9.8 pmol/l | 95.8 % (93.9–97.2 %) | NSTEMI patients only: TnT plus copeptin (9.8 pmol/l) NPV 96.5 % | ||
13 pmol/l | 94.8 % (93–96.3 %) | ||||
18.9 pmol/l | 94.1 % (92.2–95.7 %) |
The Copeptin Cutoff
Study | MI prevalence | Troponin assay | Copeptin assay | NPVa
| Comments |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Giannitsis et al. [9•] | CPU population (single-center study). AMI 27.0 % (136/503).NSTEMI 17.3 % (87/503) | hsTnT (Roche Diagnostics) <14 ng/l | Copeptin KRYPTOR (Thermo Fisher B·R·A·H·M·S) <14 pmol/l | hsTnT alone 95.8 % (92.6-97.9 %). hsTnT plus copeptin 98.6 % (95.8-99.7 %). NSTEMI only, hsTnT plus copeptin 99.03 % (96.6-99.9 %) | 45.5 % of patients enrolled within 3 h after onset of symptoms; 19.5 % enrolled within 3–6 h after onset of symptoms |
Potocki et al. [10•] | ED population (substudy of a multicenter study). AMI 15.7 % (184/1,170). Patients with preexisting CAD, AMI 18.0 % (78/433) | TnT (Roche Diagnostics, 4th generation) cutoff 0.01 μg/l. hsTnT (Roche Diagnostics) cutoff 14 ng/l | Copeptin KRYPTOR (Thermo Fisher B·R·A·H·M·S) 9 pmol/l | Patients with preexisting CAD, TnT alone 95 % (92.1-97.0 %), TnT plus copeptin 99.5 % (97.1-99.9 %), hsTnT alone 97.7 % (94.8-99.3 %), hsTnT plus copeptin 99.3 (96.3-99.9 %) | APACE substudy evaluating patients with preexisting CAD |
Ray et al. [11•] | Pooled, selected ED population with history of CAD. AMI 8.0 % (36/451), NSTEMI 6.7 % (30/451) | 2 EDs cTnI (Siemens Healthcare), 1 ED cTnI (Abbott Laboratories). Cutoffs below threshold of 10 % CV | Copeptin KRYPTOR (Thermo Fisher B·R·A·H·M·S) | Subanalysis from 3 prospective trials (Basel, Paris, and Toulouse) evaluating patients with a history of CAD | |
>9.3 pmol/l | 98 % (95-99 %) | ||||
>9.8 pmol/l | 98 % (95-99 %) | ||||
>14.1 pmol/l | 97 % (94-98 %) | ||||
>18.9 pmol/l | 97 % (94-98 %) (all for NSTEMI) | ||||
Charpentier et al. [12•] | ED population (single center). NSTEMI 14.8 % (95/641) | cTnI ADVIA Centaur (Siemens Diagnostics) >0.1 μg/l | Copeptin KRYPTOR (Thermo Fisher B·R·A·H·M·S) | cTnI alone 92.8 % (90.8-94.8 %). | Subanalysis of a single-center prospective study. STEMI excluded |
Combination: | |||||
<12 pmol/l | 97.6 % (96.4-98.7 %) | ||||
<14 pmol/l | 97.1 % (95.7-98.4 %) | ||||
Charpentier [13•] | ED population (single center), NSTEMI 14.8 % (87/587). Fewer patients than in [12•] owing to insufficient blood samples | Sensitive TnI-Ultra ADVIA Centaur (Siemens Healthcare) cutoff 0.05 μg/l | Copeptin KRYPTOR (Thermo Fisher B·R·A·H·M·S) <12 pmol/l | Sensitive TnI-Ultra alone 94.9 % (92.6-96.6 %), sensitive TnI plus copeptin 99.1 % (97.4-99.8 %). 46.8 % of patients with low TIMI score, NPV 100 % (97.7-100 %) for biomarker combination | Subanalysis of a single-center prospective serum-bank study (same study as Charpentier et al. [12•]). STEMI excluded |
Llorens et al. [14•] | ED population (multicenter, 28 sites) with probable ACS. NSTEMI 10.5 % (107/1,018) | Respective troponin of daily practice (23 EDs TnT) (0.03 ng/ml), 2 EDs hsTnT (0.013 ng/ml), 3 EDs TnI (0.04 ng/ml) | Copeptin KRYPTOR (Thermo Fisher B·R·A·H·M·S) | Copeptin only in troponin-negative patients: | Multipurpose study. COPED substudy: STEMI patients, patients who tested positive for troponin at admission, and patients with noncoronary chest pain excluded |
5 pmol/l 10 pmol/l 14 pmol/l 18 pmol/l | 95 % 94.8 % 94.2 % 93.7 % | ||||
Collinson et al. [15•] | ED population (multicenter study, 6 sites). NSTEMI 8.0 % (68/850) | Different TnT and TnI assays | Assay not reported. Cutoff 7.4 mg/l (not comparable with KRYPTOR results) | cTnI alone 98 % (0.97-0.99), cTnI plus copeptin 0.99 (0.97-1.0), cTnT alone 98 % (0.97-0.99), cTnT plus copeptin 98 % (0.97-0.99) | Subanalysis of the RATPAC study comparing troponin POCT with conventional management. High-risk patients and STEMI patients excluded |
AMI Prevalence and Pretest Probability
Study | MI prevalence | Troponin assay | Copeptin assay | NPVa
| Comments |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Afzali et al. [16•] | CPU population (single center). AMI 46.5 %(107/230), NSTEMI 36.1 % (83/230) | TnI-Ultra (Siemens Healthcare) cutoff <0.04 ng/ml (99th percentile) | Copeptin KRYPTOR (Thermo Fisher B·R·A·H·M·S) <14 pmol/l | 97.3 % | 13 % of patients with a GRACE score greater than 140. Onset of symptoms after more than 12 h in 37.8 % of patients |
Sukul et al. [17•] | Single-center study, setting not reported. AMI 25.7 % (104/405), NSTEMI 22.4 % (91/405) | Local cTnI (Centaur, Siemens Healthcare)cutoff 100 ng/l. Sensitive cTnI (TnI-Ultra, Siemens Healthcare) cutoff 40 ng/l (99th percentile) | Copeptin KRYPTOR (Thermo Fisher B·R·A·H·M·S) 14 pmol/l | cTnI alone 92 % (89-95 %), sensitive TnI alone 98 % (95-99 %), sensitive TnI plus copeptin 97 % (94-99 %) (for all AMI). In early presenters (<6 h), sensitive TnI 100 % (96-100 %), sensitive TnI plus copeptin 100 % (95-100 %) | No analysis of NSTEMI patients only |
Eggers et al. [18•] | CPU population, NSTEMI 35.6 % (128/360) FAST II: 2000–2001 FASTER I: 2002-2003 | hsTnT (Roche Diagnostics) 14 ng/l. NSTEMI diagnosis based on routine TnI result (Stratus CS, Siemens Healthcare) | Ultrasensitive copeptin KRYPTOR PLUS (Thermo Fisher B·R·A·H·M·S) >14 pmol/l | hsTnT alone 86.5 % (81.0-90.0 %),hsTnT plus copeptin 89 % (83.1-93.3 %) | Pooled population of patients included in the FAST II and FASTER I studies with available results for biomarkers, only NSTEMI and symptom onset <8 h |
Study | MI prevalence | Troponin assay | Copeptin assay | NPVa
| Comments |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Chenevier-Gobeaux et al. [20••] | ED population (3 centers). AMI 14.2 % (45/317), NSTEMI 10.1 % (32/317) | 2 EDs TnI (Siemens Healthcare) >0.14 μg/l, 1 ED cTnI (Beckman Coulter) >0.06 μg/l | Copeptin KRYPTOR (Thermo Fisher B·R·A·H·M·S) ROC-optimized cutoff 10.7 pmol/l | cTnI alone 95 % (92-97 %), cTnI plus copeptin 99 % (97-100 %) (in low-PTP group 100 %) | Presentation within 3 h after onset of symptoms in 61 % of patients. 47 % of patients with low PTP; 37 % of patients with moderate PTP |
Bohyn et al. [19••] | ED population (health center group/coronary care unit network). NSTEMI 15.9 % (39/245) | hsTnT (Roche Diagnostics) 14 ng/l | Copeptin KRYPTOR (Thermo Fisher B·R·A·H·M·S) 14 pmol/l | hsTnT alone 92 % (88–95), hsTnT plus copeptin 95 % (90–98), hsTnT plus copeptin plus GRACE score <108, 99 % (94-100 %) | Combination of hsTnT, copeptin, and GRACE score |
Maisel et al. [22••] | ED population (multicenter with 16 sites). AMI 7.9 % (156/1,967), NSTEMI 5.9 % (116/1,967) | cTnI (TnI-Ultra ADVIA Centaur, (Siemens Healthcare) <40 ng/l (99th percentile). Local site biomarker for diagnosis | Copeptin KRYPTOR (Thermo Fisher B·R·A·H·M·S) <14 pmol/l | Troponin alone 98.8 %, troponin plus copeptin 99.2 % (98.5-99.6 %). In patients with low AMI likelihood, NPV 99.8 %; in patients with intermediate AMI likelihood, NPV 99.6 % | VAS score for likelihood of ACS and AMI as judged by ED physician before and after troponin test result |