Skip to main content
Erschienen in: Current Rheumatology Reports 7/2013

01.07.2013 | PEDIATRIC RHEUMATOLOGY (TJA LEHMAN, SECTION EDITOR)

Current Perspectives on Ophthalmic Manifestations of Childhood Rheumatic Diseases

verfasst von: Neal V. Palejwala, Steven Yeh, Sheila T. Angeles-Han

Erschienen in: Current Rheumatology Reports | Ausgabe 7/2013

Einloggen, um Zugang zu erhalten

Abstract

Inflammatory eye diseases are an important manifestation of many pediatric rheumatologic conditions. Early screening and diagnosis are imperative as these illnesses can not only result in significant visual morbidity but are also an indicator of systemic inflammation. Time to presentation of ocular inflammation varies significantly and can range from many years prior to the onset of systemic symptoms to well after the diagnosis of the rheumatologic disorder. Due to this variability in presentation, careful monitoring by an ophthalmologist is vital to preventing ocular complications and preserving vision. Both local and systemic immunosuppressive medications have been effective in the management of ocular disease. In this review, we will focus on the known ophthalmologic manifestations of common pediatric rheumatologic diseases and discuss recent advances in therapeutic considerations for these conditions.
Literatur
1.
Zurück zum Zitat Reiff A. Ocular complications of childhood rheumatic diseases: Nonuveitic inflammatory eye diseases. Current Rheumatology Reports. 2009;11:226–32.PubMedCrossRef Reiff A. Ocular complications of childhood rheumatic diseases: Nonuveitic inflammatory eye diseases. Current Rheumatology Reports. 2009;11:226–32.PubMedCrossRef
3.
Zurück zum Zitat Zierhut M, Michels H, Stubiger N, et al. Uveitis in children. Int Ophthalmol Clin. 2005;45:135–56.PubMedCrossRef Zierhut M, Michels H, Stubiger N, et al. Uveitis in children. Int Ophthalmol Clin. 2005;45:135–56.PubMedCrossRef
4.
5.
Zurück zum Zitat Petty RE, Southwood TR, Manners P, et al. International League of Associations for Rheumatology classification of juvenile idiopathic arthritis: second revision, Edmonton, 2001. J Rheumatol. 2004;31:390–2.PubMed Petty RE, Southwood TR, Manners P, et al. International League of Associations for Rheumatology classification of juvenile idiopathic arthritis: second revision, Edmonton, 2001. J Rheumatol. 2004;31:390–2.PubMed
6.
Zurück zum Zitat Foster CS. Diagnosis and treatment of juvenile idiopathic arthritis-associated uveitis. Curr Opin Ophthalmol. 2003;14:395–8.PubMedCrossRef Foster CS. Diagnosis and treatment of juvenile idiopathic arthritis-associated uveitis. Curr Opin Ophthalmol. 2003;14:395–8.PubMedCrossRef
7.
Zurück zum Zitat Saurenmann RK, Levin AV, Feldman BM, et al. Prevalence, risk factors, and outcome of uveitis in juvenile idiopathic arthritis: A long-term follow-up study. Arthritis & Rheumatism. 2007;56(2):647–57.CrossRef Saurenmann RK, Levin AV, Feldman BM, et al. Prevalence, risk factors, and outcome of uveitis in juvenile idiopathic arthritis: A long-term follow-up study. Arthritis & Rheumatism. 2007;56(2):647–57.CrossRef
8.
Zurück zum Zitat Oren B, Sehgal A, Simon JW, et al. The prevalence of uveitis in juvenile rheumatoid arthritis. J AAPOS. 2001;5:2–4.PubMedCrossRef Oren B, Sehgal A, Simon JW, et al. The prevalence of uveitis in juvenile rheumatoid arthritis. J AAPOS. 2001;5:2–4.PubMedCrossRef
9.
Zurück zum Zitat Aggarwal A, Misra R. Juvenile chronic arthritis in India: is it different from that seen in Western countries? Rhumatol Int. 1994;14:53–6.CrossRef Aggarwal A, Misra R. Juvenile chronic arthritis in India: is it different from that seen in Western countries? Rhumatol Int. 1994;14:53–6.CrossRef
10.
Zurück zum Zitat • Qian Y, Acharya NR. Juvenile idiopathic arthritis-associated uveitis. Current Opinion in Ophthalmology. 2010;21:468–72. This article nicely summarizes the recent literature about JIA-uveitis.PubMedCrossRef • Qian Y, Acharya NR. Juvenile idiopathic arthritis-associated uveitis. Current Opinion in Ophthalmology. 2010;21:468–72. This article nicely summarizes the recent literature about JIA-uveitis.PubMedCrossRef
11.
Zurück zum Zitat Dana MR, Merayo-Lloves J, Schaumberg DA, Foster CS. Visual outcomes prognosticators in juvenile rheumatoid arthritis-associated uveitis. Ophthalmology. 1997;104:236–44.PubMedCrossRef Dana MR, Merayo-Lloves J, Schaumberg DA, Foster CS. Visual outcomes prognosticators in juvenile rheumatoid arthritis-associated uveitis. Ophthalmology. 1997;104:236–44.PubMedCrossRef
12.
Zurück zum Zitat de Boer J, Wulffraat N, Rothova A. Visual loss in uveitis of childhood. Br J Ophthalmol. 2003;87:879–84.PubMedCrossRef de Boer J, Wulffraat N, Rothova A. Visual loss in uveitis of childhood. Br J Ophthalmol. 2003;87:879–84.PubMedCrossRef
13.
Zurück zum Zitat Thorne JE, Woreta F, Kedhar SR, et al. Juvenile idiopathic arthritis-associated uveitis: Incidence of ocular complications and visual acuity loss. Am J Ophthalmol. 2007;143(5):840–46.PubMedCrossRef Thorne JE, Woreta F, Kedhar SR, et al. Juvenile idiopathic arthritis-associated uveitis: Incidence of ocular complications and visual acuity loss. Am J Ophthalmol. 2007;143(5):840–46.PubMedCrossRef
14.
Zurück zum Zitat Hoeve M, Ayuso VK, Schalij-Delfos NE, et al. The clinical course of juvenile idiopathic arthritis-associated uveitis in childhood and puberty. Br J Ophthalmol. 2012;96:852–56.PubMedCrossRef Hoeve M, Ayuso VK, Schalij-Delfos NE, et al. The clinical course of juvenile idiopathic arthritis-associated uveitis in childhood and puberty. Br J Ophthalmol. 2012;96:852–56.PubMedCrossRef
15.
Zurück zum Zitat Sabri K, Saurenmann RK, Silverman ED. Course, complications, and outcome of juvenile arthritis-related uveitis. Journal of AAPOS. 2008;12(6):539–45.PubMedCrossRef Sabri K, Saurenmann RK, Silverman ED. Course, complications, and outcome of juvenile arthritis-related uveitis. Journal of AAPOS. 2008;12(6):539–45.PubMedCrossRef
16.
Zurück zum Zitat Marvillet I, Terrada C, Quartier P, et al. Ocular threat in juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Joint Bone Spine. 2009;76:383–88.PubMedCrossRef Marvillet I, Terrada C, Quartier P, et al. Ocular threat in juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Joint Bone Spine. 2009;76:383–88.PubMedCrossRef
17.
Zurück zum Zitat Gregory AC, Kempen JH, Daniel EB. Risk factors for loss of visual acuity among patients with uveitis associated with juvenile idiopathic arthritis: The systemic immunosuppressive therapy for eye diseases study. Ophthalmology. 2013;120:186–92.PubMedCrossRef Gregory AC, Kempen JH, Daniel EB. Risk factors for loss of visual acuity among patients with uveitis associated with juvenile idiopathic arthritis: The systemic immunosuppressive therapy for eye diseases study. Ophthalmology. 2013;120:186–92.PubMedCrossRef
18.
Zurück zum Zitat Woreta F, Thorne JE, Jabs DA, et al. Risk factors for ocular complications and poor visual acuity at presentation among patients with uveitis associated with juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Am J Ophthalmol. 2007;143:647–55.PubMedCrossRef Woreta F, Thorne JE, Jabs DA, et al. Risk factors for ocular complications and poor visual acuity at presentation among patients with uveitis associated with juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Am J Ophthalmol. 2007;143:647–55.PubMedCrossRef
19.
Zurück zum Zitat Section on Rheumatology and Section on Ophthalmology. Guidelines for ophthalmologic examination in children with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis. Pediatrics. 1993;92(2):295–6. Section on Rheumatology and Section on Ophthalmology. Guidelines for ophthalmologic examination in children with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis. Pediatrics. 1993;92(2):295–6.
20.
Zurück zum Zitat Angeles-Han ST, Griffin KW, Harrison MJ, et al. Development of a vision-related quality of life instrument for children age 8–18 years for use in juvenile idiopathic arthritis-associated uveitis. Arthritis and Rheumatism. 2011;63(9):1254–61.CrossRef Angeles-Han ST, Griffin KW, Harrison MJ, et al. Development of a vision-related quality of life instrument for children age 8–18 years for use in juvenile idiopathic arthritis-associated uveitis. Arthritis and Rheumatism. 2011;63(9):1254–61.CrossRef
21.
Zurück zum Zitat Paroli MP, Spinucci G, Fabiani C, Pivetti-Pezzi P. Retinal complications of juvenile idiopathic arthritis-related uveitis: a microperimetry and optical coherence tomography study. Ocul Immunol Inflamm. 2010;18(1):54–9.PubMedCrossRef Paroli MP, Spinucci G, Fabiani C, Pivetti-Pezzi P. Retinal complications of juvenile idiopathic arthritis-related uveitis: a microperimetry and optical coherence tomography study. Ocul Immunol Inflamm. 2010;18(1):54–9.PubMedCrossRef
22.
Zurück zum Zitat Edelsten C, Lee V, Bentley CR, et al. An evaluation of baseline risk factors predicting severity in juvenile idiopathic arthritis associated uveitis and other chronic anterior uveitis in early childhood. Br J Ophthalmol. 2002;86:51–6.PubMedCrossRef Edelsten C, Lee V, Bentley CR, et al. An evaluation of baseline risk factors predicting severity in juvenile idiopathic arthritis associated uveitis and other chronic anterior uveitis in early childhood. Br J Ophthalmol. 2002;86:51–6.PubMedCrossRef
23.
Zurück zum Zitat Ayuso VK, ten Cate HAT, van der Does P, et al. Male gender as a risk factor for complications in uveitis associated with juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Am J Ophthalmol. 2010;149:994–9.CrossRef Ayuso VK, ten Cate HAT, van der Does P, et al. Male gender as a risk factor for complications in uveitis associated with juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Am J Ophthalmol. 2010;149:994–9.CrossRef
24.
Zurück zum Zitat Cabral DA, Petty RE, Malleson PN, et al.: Visual prognosis in children with chronic anterior uveitis and arthritis. J Rheumatol 21:2370–2375 Cabral DA, Petty RE, Malleson PN, et al.: Visual prognosis in children with chronic anterior uveitis and arthritis. J Rheumatol 21:2370–2375
25.
Zurück zum Zitat Hofer M, Southwood TR. Classification of childhood arthritis. Best Prac Res Clin Rheumatol. 2002;16:379–96. Hofer M, Southwood TR. Classification of childhood arthritis. Best Prac Res Clin Rheumatol. 2002;16:379–96.
26.
Zurück zum Zitat Horneff G, Burgos-Vargas R. Juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Sub-group characteristics and comparisons between rheumatoid arthritis–like subgroups and ankylosing spondylitis–like subgroups. Clin Exp Rheumatol. 2009;27:S131–8.PubMed Horneff G, Burgos-Vargas R. Juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Sub-group characteristics and comparisons between rheumatoid arthritis–like subgroups and ankylosing spondylitis–like subgroups. Clin Exp Rheumatol. 2009;27:S131–8.PubMed
27.
Zurück zum Zitat • Scofield RH, Sestak AL. Juvenile spondyloarthropathies. Curr Rheumatol Rep. 2012;14:395–401. This article summarizes the current literature on juvenile spondyloarthropathies.PubMedCrossRef • Scofield RH, Sestak AL. Juvenile spondyloarthropathies. Curr Rheumatol Rep. 2012;14:395–401. This article summarizes the current literature on juvenile spondyloarthropathies.PubMedCrossRef
28.
Zurück zum Zitat Stoll ML, Bhore R, Dempsy-Robertson M, Punaro M. Spondyloarthritis in a pediatric population: Risk factors for sacroiliitis. J Rheumatol. 2010;37(11):2402–8.PubMedCrossRef Stoll ML, Bhore R, Dempsy-Robertson M, Punaro M. Spondyloarthritis in a pediatric population: Risk factors for sacroiliitis. J Rheumatol. 2010;37(11):2402–8.PubMedCrossRef
29.
Zurück zum Zitat Ozgocmen S, Ardicoglu O, Kamanli A. Pattern of Disease Onset, Diagnostic Delay, and Clinical Features in Juvenile Onset and Adult Onset Ankylosing Spondylitis. J Rheumatol. 2009;36:2830–3.PubMedCrossRef Ozgocmen S, Ardicoglu O, Kamanli A. Pattern of Disease Onset, Diagnostic Delay, and Clinical Features in Juvenile Onset and Adult Onset Ankylosing Spondylitis. J Rheumatol. 2009;36:2830–3.PubMedCrossRef
30.
Zurück zum Zitat Liao CH, Huang JL. Juvenile ankylosing spondilitis with uveitis. Asian Pacific Journal of Allergy and Immunology. 2003;21:69–71.PubMed Liao CH, Huang JL. Juvenile ankylosing spondilitis with uveitis. Asian Pacific Journal of Allergy and Immunology. 2003;21:69–71.PubMed
31.
Zurück zum Zitat Silva-Ramírez B, Vargas-Alarcón G, Granados J, Burgos-Vargas R. HLA antigens and juvenile onset spondyloarthritides: negative association with non-B27 alleles. Clin Exp Rheumatol. 2005;23(5):721–3.PubMed Silva-Ramírez B, Vargas-Alarcón G, Granados J, Burgos-Vargas R. HLA antigens and juvenile onset spondyloarthritides: negative association with non-B27 alleles. Clin Exp Rheumatol. 2005;23(5):721–3.PubMed
33.
Zurück zum Zitat Kollnberger S, Bird LA, Roddis M, et al. HLA-B27 heavy chain homodimers are expressed in HLA-B27 transgenic rodent models of spondyloarthritis and are ligands for paired Ig-like receptors. J Immunol. 2004;173:1699–710.PubMed Kollnberger S, Bird LA, Roddis M, et al. HLA-B27 heavy chain homodimers are expressed in HLA-B27 transgenic rodent models of spondyloarthritis and are ligands for paired Ig-like receptors. J Immunol. 2004;173:1699–710.PubMed
34.
Zurück zum Zitat Mear JP, Schreiber KL, Münz C, et al. Misfolding of HLA-B27 as a result of its B pocket suggests a novel mechanism for its role in susceptibility to spondyloarthropathies. J Immunol. 1999;163:6665–70.PubMed Mear JP, Schreiber KL, Münz C, et al. Misfolding of HLA-B27 as a result of its B pocket suggests a novel mechanism for its role in susceptibility to spondyloarthropathies. J Immunol. 1999;163:6665–70.PubMed
35.
Zurück zum Zitat Cokington CD, Han DP. Bilateral nongranulomatous uveitis and a post-streptococcal syndrome. Am J Ophthalmol. 1991;112(5):595–6. Cokington CD, Han DP. Bilateral nongranulomatous uveitis and a post-streptococcal syndrome. Am J Ophthalmol. 1991;112(5):595–6.
36.
Zurück zum Zitat Rehman S, Anand S, Reddy A, et al. Post streptococcal syndrome uveitis: a descriptive case series and literature review. Ophthalmology. 2006;113(4):701–6.CrossRef Rehman S, Anand S, Reddy A, et al. Post streptococcal syndrome uveitis: a descriptive case series and literature review. Ophthalmology. 2006;113(4):701–6.CrossRef
37.
Zurück zum Zitat Nataneli N, Aguilera ZP, Rosenbaum PS, et al. Poststreptococcal keratouveitis associated with group C streptococcus pharyngitis. Clinical Ophthalmology. 2011;5:1257–59.PubMed Nataneli N, Aguilera ZP, Rosenbaum PS, et al. Poststreptococcal keratouveitis associated with group C streptococcus pharyngitis. Clinical Ophthalmology. 2011;5:1257–59.PubMed
38.
Zurück zum Zitat Ansell B. Reactive arthritis/Reiter’s syndrome in children. Clin Exp Rheumatol. 1994;12:581–82.PubMed Ansell B. Reactive arthritis/Reiter’s syndrome in children. Clin Exp Rheumatol. 1994;12:581–82.PubMed
39.
Zurück zum Zitat Keat A. Reiter’s syndrome and reactive arthritis in perspective. N Engl J Med. 1988;309:1606–15.CrossRef Keat A. Reiter’s syndrome and reactive arthritis in perspective. N Engl J Med. 1988;309:1606–15.CrossRef
40.
Zurück zum Zitat Manimegalai N, Rajamurugan A, Rajendran P, et al. Childhood reactive arthritis. J Clin Rheumatol. 2008;14(5):292–93.PubMedCrossRef Manimegalai N, Rajamurugan A, Rajendran P, et al. Childhood reactive arthritis. J Clin Rheumatol. 2008;14(5):292–93.PubMedCrossRef
41.
Zurück zum Zitat Singsen B, Bernstein B, Koster-King K, Glovsky M, Hansen V. Reiter's syndrome in childhood. Arthritis Rheum. 1977;20(Suppl):402–7.PubMed Singsen B, Bernstein B, Koster-King K, Glovsky M, Hansen V. Reiter's syndrome in childhood. Arthritis Rheum. 1977;20(Suppl):402–7.PubMed
42.
Zurück zum Zitat Tinley C, Van Zyl L, Grötte R. Poststreptococcal syndrome uveitis in South African children. Br J Ophthalmol. 2012;96(1):87–9.PubMedCrossRef Tinley C, Van Zyl L, Grötte R. Poststreptococcal syndrome uveitis in South African children. Br J Ophthalmol. 2012;96(1):87–9.PubMedCrossRef
43.
Zurück zum Zitat Kiss S, Letko E, Qamruddin S, Baltatzis S, Foster S. Ocular Manifestions of Reiter’s Syndrome. Ophthalmology. 2003;110:1764–69.PubMedCrossRef Kiss S, Letko E, Qamruddin S, Baltatzis S, Foster S. Ocular Manifestions of Reiter’s Syndrome. Ophthalmology. 2003;110:1764–69.PubMedCrossRef
44.
Zurück zum Zitat Smith JA, Mackensen F, Sen HN, et al. Epidemiology and course of disease in childhood uveitis. Ophthalmology. 2009 Aug;116(8):1544–51. Smith JA, Mackensen F, Sen HN, et al. Epidemiology and course of disease in childhood uveitis. Ophthalmology. 2009 Aug;116(8):1544–51.
45.
Zurück zum Zitat Nikkhah H, Ramezani A, Ahmadieh H, et al. Childhood pars planitis; clinical features and outcomes. J Ophthalmic Vis Res. 2011;6(4):249–54.PubMed Nikkhah H, Ramezani A, Ahmadieh H, et al. Childhood pars planitis; clinical features and outcomes. J Ophthalmic Vis Res. 2011;6(4):249–54.PubMed
46.
Zurück zum Zitat Donaldson MJ, Pulido JS, Herman DC, Diehl N, Hodge D. Pars planitis: A 20-year study of incidence, clinical features, and outcomes. Am J Ophthalmol. 2007;144:812–7.PubMedCrossRef Donaldson MJ, Pulido JS, Herman DC, Diehl N, Hodge D. Pars planitis: A 20-year study of incidence, clinical features, and outcomes. Am J Ophthalmol. 2007;144:812–7.PubMedCrossRef
47.
Zurück zum Zitat Raja SC, Jabs DA, Dunn JP, et al. Pars planitis: clinical features and class II HLA association. Ophthalmology. 1999;106:594–9.PubMedCrossRef Raja SC, Jabs DA, Dunn JP, et al. Pars planitis: clinical features and class II HLA association. Ophthalmology. 1999;106:594–9.PubMedCrossRef
48.
Zurück zum Zitat Arellans-Garcia L, Navarro-Lopez LP, Recillas- Gispert C. Pars planitis in the Mexican Mestizo population: ocular findings, treatment, and visual outcome. Ocul Immunol Inflamm. 2003;11:53–60.CrossRef Arellans-Garcia L, Navarro-Lopez LP, Recillas- Gispert C. Pars planitis in the Mexican Mestizo population: ocular findings, treatment, and visual outcome. Ocul Immunol Inflamm. 2003;11:53–60.CrossRef
49.
Zurück zum Zitat Romero R, Peralta J, Sendagorta E, Abelairas J. Pars planitis in children: epidemiologic, clinical and therapeutic characteristics. J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus. 2007;44:288–93.PubMed Romero R, Peralta J, Sendagorta E, Abelairas J. Pars planitis in children: epidemiologic, clinical and therapeutic characteristics. J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus. 2007;44:288–93.PubMed
50.
Zurück zum Zitat Guest S, Funkhouser E, Lightman S. Pars planitis: a comparison of childhood onset and adult onset disease. Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology. 2001;29:81–4.PubMedCrossRef Guest S, Funkhouser E, Lightman S. Pars planitis: a comparison of childhood onset and adult onset disease. Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology. 2001;29:81–4.PubMedCrossRef
51.
Zurück zum Zitat Cimaz R, Ansell BM. Sarcoidosis in the pediatric age. Clin Exp Rheumatol. 2002;20:231–7.PubMed Cimaz R, Ansell BM. Sarcoidosis in the pediatric age. Clin Exp Rheumatol. 2002;20:231–7.PubMed
52.
Zurück zum Zitat Choi DE, Birnbaum AD, Oh F, Tessler HH, Goldstein DA. Pediatric uveitis secondary to probable, presumed, and biopsy-proven sarcoidosis. J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus. 2011;48(3):157–62.PubMedCrossRef Choi DE, Birnbaum AD, Oh F, Tessler HH, Goldstein DA. Pediatric uveitis secondary to probable, presumed, and biopsy-proven sarcoidosis. J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus. 2011;48(3):157–62.PubMedCrossRef
53.
Zurück zum Zitat Hoffmann AL, Milman N, Byg KE. Childhood sarcoidosis in Denmark 1979–1994: incidence, clinical features and laboratory results at presentation in 48 children. Acta Paediatr. 2004;93:30–6.PubMedCrossRef Hoffmann AL, Milman N, Byg KE. Childhood sarcoidosis in Denmark 1979–1994: incidence, clinical features and laboratory results at presentation in 48 children. Acta Paediatr. 2004;93:30–6.PubMedCrossRef
54.
Zurück zum Zitat Shetty AK, Gedalia A. Childhood sarcoidosis: a rare but fascinating disorder. Pediatr Rheumatol Online. 2008;6:6.CrossRef Shetty AK, Gedalia A. Childhood sarcoidosis: a rare but fascinating disorder. Pediatr Rheumatol Online. 2008;6:6.CrossRef
55.
Zurück zum Zitat Shetty AK, Gedalia A. Sarcoidosis: a pediatric perspective. Clin Pediatr (Phila). 1998;37:707–17.CrossRef Shetty AK, Gedalia A. Sarcoidosis: a pediatric perspective. Clin Pediatr (Phila). 1998;37:707–17.CrossRef
56.
Zurück zum Zitat Kataria S, Trevathan GE, Holland JE, Kataria YP. Ocular presentation of sarcoidosis in children. Clin Pediatr (Phila). 1983;22:793–7.CrossRef Kataria S, Trevathan GE, Holland JE, Kataria YP. Ocular presentation of sarcoidosis in children. Clin Pediatr (Phila). 1983;22:793–7.CrossRef
57.
58.
Zurück zum Zitat James DG, Neville E, Langley DA. Ocular sarcoidosis. Trans Ophthalmol Soc UK. 1976;96:133–9.PubMed James DG, Neville E, Langley DA. Ocular sarcoidosis. Trans Ophthalmol Soc UK. 1976;96:133–9.PubMed
59.
Zurück zum Zitat Khalatbari D, Stinnett S, McCallum RM, Jaffe GJ. Demographic-related variations in posterior segment ocular sarcoidosis. Ophthalmology. 2004;111:357–62.PubMedCrossRef Khalatbari D, Stinnett S, McCallum RM, Jaffe GJ. Demographic-related variations in posterior segment ocular sarcoidosis. Ophthalmology. 2004;111:357–62.PubMedCrossRef
60.
Zurück zum Zitat Yanardag H, Pamuk ON. Lacrimal gland involvement in sarcoidosis: the clinical features of 9 patients. Swiss Med Wkly. 2003;133:388–91.PubMed Yanardag H, Pamuk ON. Lacrimal gland involvement in sarcoidosis: the clinical features of 9 patients. Swiss Med Wkly. 2003;133:388–91.PubMed
61.
Zurück zum Zitat Habibi S, Saleem MA, Ramanan AV. Juvenile systemic lupus erythematosus: review of clinical features and management. Indian Pediatrics. 2011;48:879–86.PubMedCrossRef Habibi S, Saleem MA, Ramanan AV. Juvenile systemic lupus erythematosus: review of clinical features and management. Indian Pediatrics. 2011;48:879–86.PubMedCrossRef
62.
Zurück zum Zitat Brunner HI, Feldman BM, Bombardier C, Silverman ED. Sensitivity of the Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Disease Activity Index, British Isles Lupus Assessment Group Index, and Systemic Lupus Activity Measure in the evaluation of clinical change in childhood-onset systemic lupus erythematosus. Arthritis Rheum. 1999;42:1354–60.PubMedCrossRef Brunner HI, Feldman BM, Bombardier C, Silverman ED. Sensitivity of the Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Disease Activity Index, British Isles Lupus Assessment Group Index, and Systemic Lupus Activity Measure in the evaluation of clinical change in childhood-onset systemic lupus erythematosus. Arthritis Rheum. 1999;42:1354–60.PubMedCrossRef
63.
Zurück zum Zitat Guiterrez-Suarez R, Ruperto N, Gastaldi R, et al. A proposal for a pediatric version of the systemic lupus international collaborating clinics/American college of Rheumatology damage index based on the on analysis of 1,015 patients with juvenile-onset systemic lupus erthematosus. Arthritis & Rheumatism. 2006;54(9):2989–96.CrossRef Guiterrez-Suarez R, Ruperto N, Gastaldi R, et al. A proposal for a pediatric version of the systemic lupus international collaborating clinics/American college of Rheumatology damage index based on the on analysis of 1,015 patients with juvenile-onset systemic lupus erthematosus. Arthritis & Rheumatism. 2006;54(9):2989–96.CrossRef
64.
Zurück zum Zitat Brunner HI, Gladman DD. Ibañez D, Urowitz MD, Silverman ED: Difference in disease features between childhood-onset and adult-onset systemic lupus erythematosus. Arthritis Rheum. 2008;58:556–62.PubMedCrossRef Brunner HI, Gladman DD. Ibañez D, Urowitz MD, Silverman ED: Difference in disease features between childhood-onset and adult-onset systemic lupus erythematosus. Arthritis Rheum. 2008;58:556–62.PubMedCrossRef
65.
Zurück zum Zitat Font J, Cervera R, Espinosa G et al. Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) in childhood: analysis of clinical and immunological findings in 34 patients and comparison with SLE characteristics in adults. Font J, Cervera R, Espinosa G et al. Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) in childhood: analysis of clinical and immunological findings in 34 patients and comparison with SLE characteristics in adults.
66.
Zurück zum Zitat Almeida RT, Aikawa NE, Sallum AME, et al. Irreversible blindness in juvenile systemic lupus erythematosus. Lupus. 2011;20:95–7.PubMedCrossRef Almeida RT, Aikawa NE, Sallum AME, et al. Irreversible blindness in juvenile systemic lupus erythematosus. Lupus. 2011;20:95–7.PubMedCrossRef
67.
Zurück zum Zitat Avcin T, Silverman ED. Review: Antiphospholipid antibodies in pediatric systemic lupus erythematosus and the antiphospholipid syndrome. Lupus. 2007;16:627–33.PubMedCrossRef Avcin T, Silverman ED. Review: Antiphospholipid antibodies in pediatric systemic lupus erythematosus and the antiphospholipid syndrome. Lupus. 2007;16:627–33.PubMedCrossRef
68.
Zurück zum Zitat Montehermoso A, Cervera R, Font J, et al. Association of antiphopholipid antibodies with retinal vascular disease in systemic lupus erythematosus. Sem Arth Rheum. 1999;28(5):326–32.CrossRef Montehermoso A, Cervera R, Font J, et al. Association of antiphopholipid antibodies with retinal vascular disease in systemic lupus erythematosus. Sem Arth Rheum. 1999;28(5):326–32.CrossRef
69.
Zurück zum Zitat Hannouche D et al. Systemic lupus erythematosus with choroidopathy and serous retinal detachment. Int Ophthalmol. 1995;19:125–27.PubMedCrossRef Hannouche D et al. Systemic lupus erythematosus with choroidopathy and serous retinal detachment. Int Ophthalmol. 1995;19:125–27.PubMedCrossRef
70.
Zurück zum Zitat Schwartz M, Roberts J. Membranous and vascular choroidopathy: two patterns of immune deposits in systemic lupus erythematosus. Clin Immunol Immunopathol. 1983;29:369–80.PubMedCrossRef Schwartz M, Roberts J. Membranous and vascular choroidopathy: two patterns of immune deposits in systemic lupus erythematosus. Clin Immunol Immunopathol. 1983;29:369–80.PubMedCrossRef
71.
Zurück zum Zitat Matsuo T et al. Multifocal pigment epithelial damages with serous retinal detachment in systemic lupus erythematosus. Ophthalmologica. 1987;195:97–102.PubMedCrossRef Matsuo T et al. Multifocal pigment epithelial damages with serous retinal detachment in systemic lupus erythematosus. Ophthalmologica. 1987;195:97–102.PubMedCrossRef
72.
Zurück zum Zitat • Palejwala NV, Walia HS, Yeh S. Ocular manifestations of systemic lupus erythematosus: A review of the literature. Autoimmune Dis. 2012. This review summarizes the ocular complications that are commonly seen in systemic lupus erythematosus. • Palejwala NV, Walia HS, Yeh S. Ocular manifestations of systemic lupus erythematosus: A review of the literature. Autoimmune Dis. 2012. This review summarizes the ocular complications that are commonly seen in systemic lupus erythematosus.
73.
Zurück zum Zitat Soylu M, Ozdemir G, Anli A. Pediatric uveitis in Southern Turkey. Ocul Immunol Inflamm. 1997;5:197–202.PubMedCrossRef Soylu M, Ozdemir G, Anli A. Pediatric uveitis in Southern Turkey. Ocul Immunol Inflamm. 1997;5:197–202.PubMedCrossRef
74.
Zurück zum Zitat Mochizuki M, Akduman L, Nussenblatt RB. Behcet’s disease. In: Pepose JS, Holland GN, Wilhelmus KR, editors. Ocular infection and immunity. St Louis: Mosby; 1996. p. 663–75. Mochizuki M, Akduman L, Nussenblatt RB. Behcet’s disease. In: Pepose JS, Holland GN, Wilhelmus KR, editors. Ocular infection and immunity. St Louis: Mosby; 1996. p. 663–75.
75.
Zurück zum Zitat Fujikawa S, Suesmitus T. Behcet disease in children: A nationwide retrospective survery in Japan. Acta Paediatrica Japonica. 1997;39:285–89.PubMedCrossRef Fujikawa S, Suesmitus T. Behcet disease in children: A nationwide retrospective survery in Japan. Acta Paediatrica Japonica. 1997;39:285–89.PubMedCrossRef
76.
Zurück zum Zitat Tugal-Tutkun I, Urgancioglu M. Childhood-onset uveitis in Behcet disease: A descriptive study of 36 cases. Am J Ophthalmol. 2003;136(6):1114–19.PubMedCrossRef Tugal-Tutkun I, Urgancioglu M. Childhood-onset uveitis in Behcet disease: A descriptive study of 36 cases. Am J Ophthalmol. 2003;136(6):1114–19.PubMedCrossRef
77.
Zurück zum Zitat Koné-Paut I, Yurdakul S, Bahabri SA, et al. Clinical features of Behcet’s disease in children: an international collaborative study of 86 cases. J Pediatr. 1998;132:721–5.PubMedCrossRef Koné-Paut I, Yurdakul S, Bahabri SA, et al. Clinical features of Behcet’s disease in children: an international collaborative study of 86 cases. J Pediatr. 1998;132:721–5.PubMedCrossRef
78.
Zurück zum Zitat Kitaichi N, Miyazaki A, Stanford MR, Iwata D, Chams H, Ohno S. Low prevalence of juvenile-onset Behçet’s disease with uveitis in East/South Asian people. Br J Ophthalmol. 2009;93(11):1428–30.PubMedCrossRef Kitaichi N, Miyazaki A, Stanford MR, Iwata D, Chams H, Ohno S. Low prevalence of juvenile-onset Behçet’s disease with uveitis in East/South Asian people. Br J Ophthalmol. 2009;93(11):1428–30.PubMedCrossRef
79.
Zurück zum Zitat Atmaca L, Boyvat A, Yalcindag N, et al. Behcet disease in children. Ocular Immunology & Inflammation. 2011;19(2):103–7.CrossRef Atmaca L, Boyvat A, Yalcindag N, et al. Behcet disease in children. Ocular Immunology & Inflammation. 2011;19(2):103–7.CrossRef
80.
Zurück zum Zitat Colvard DM, Robertson DM, O’Duffy JD. The ocular manifestations of Behcet’s disease. Arch Ophthalmol. 1977;95:1813–15.PubMedCrossRef Colvard DM, Robertson DM, O’Duffy JD. The ocular manifestations of Behcet’s disease. Arch Ophthalmol. 1977;95:1813–15.PubMedCrossRef
81.
Zurück zum Zitat Citirik M, Berker N, Songur MS. Ocular findings in childhood-onset Behcet disease. J AAPOS. 2009;13:291–95. Citirik M, Berker N, Songur MS. Ocular findings in childhood-onset Behcet disease. J AAPOS. 2009;13:291–95.
82.
Zurück zum Zitat Pivetti-Pezzi P, Accorinti M, Abdulaziz MA, La Cava M, Torella M, Riso D. Behcet’s disease in children. Jpn J Ophthalmol. 1995;39:309–14.PubMed Pivetti-Pezzi P, Accorinti M, Abdulaziz MA, La Cava M, Torella M, Riso D. Behcet’s disease in children. Jpn J Ophthalmol. 1995;39:309–14.PubMed
83.
Zurück zum Zitat Kesen MR, Goldstein DA, Tessler HH. Uveitis associated with pediatric Behcet disease in the American Midwest. Am J Ophthalmol. 2008;146:819–27.PubMedCrossRef Kesen MR, Goldstein DA, Tessler HH. Uveitis associated with pediatric Behcet disease in the American Midwest. Am J Ophthalmol. 2008;146:819–27.PubMedCrossRef
84.
Zurück zum Zitat Tugal-Tutkun I, Onal S, Altan-Yaycioglu R, Altunbas H, Urgancioglu M. Uveitis in Behcet disease: An analysis of 880 patients. Am J Ophthalmol. 2004;138:373–80.PubMedCrossRef Tugal-Tutkun I, Onal S, Altan-Yaycioglu R, Altunbas H, Urgancioglu M. Uveitis in Behcet disease: An analysis of 880 patients. Am J Ophthalmol. 2004;138:373–80.PubMedCrossRef
85.
Zurück zum Zitat Falk RJ, Gross WL, Guillevin L, et al. Granulomatosis with polyangiitis (Wegener’s): an alternative name for Wegener’s granulomatosis. Arthritis Rheum. 2011;63:863–4.PubMedCrossRef Falk RJ, Gross WL, Guillevin L, et al. Granulomatosis with polyangiitis (Wegener’s): an alternative name for Wegener’s granulomatosis. Arthritis Rheum. 2011;63:863–4.PubMedCrossRef
86.
Zurück zum Zitat Cabral DA, Uribe AG, Benseler S, et al. Classification, presentation, and initial treatment of Wegener’s granulomatosis in childhood. Arthritis Rheum. 2009;60(11):3413–24.PubMedCrossRef Cabral DA, Uribe AG, Benseler S, et al. Classification, presentation, and initial treatment of Wegener’s granulomatosis in childhood. Arthritis Rheum. 2009;60(11):3413–24.PubMedCrossRef
87.
Zurück zum Zitat Vanoni F, Bettinelli A, Keller F, et al. Vasculitides associated with IgG antineutrophil cytoplasmic autoantibodies in childhood. Pediatr Nephrol. 2010;25:205–12.PubMedCrossRef Vanoni F, Bettinelli A, Keller F, et al. Vasculitides associated with IgG antineutrophil cytoplasmic autoantibodies in childhood. Pediatr Nephrol. 2010;25:205–12.PubMedCrossRef
88.
Zurück zum Zitat Schmidt J, Pulido JS, Matteson EL. Ocular manifestations of systemic disease: antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated vasculitis. Curr Opin Ophthalmol. 2011;22:489–95.PubMedCrossRef Schmidt J, Pulido JS, Matteson EL. Ocular manifestations of systemic disease: antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated vasculitis. Curr Opin Ophthalmol. 2011;22:489–95.PubMedCrossRef
89.
Zurück zum Zitat Jiang B, Zhao YY, Wei SH. Granulomatosis with polyangiitis: The relationship between ocular and nasal disease. Ocul Immunol Inflamm. 2012 [Epub]. Jiang B, Zhao YY, Wei SH. Granulomatosis with polyangiitis: The relationship between ocular and nasal disease. Ocul Immunol Inflamm. 2012 [Epub].
90.
Zurück zum Zitat Vischio JA, McCrary CT. Orbital Wegener's granulomatosis: a case report and review of the literature. Clin Rheumatol. 2008;27(10):1333–6.PubMedCrossRef Vischio JA, McCrary CT. Orbital Wegener's granulomatosis: a case report and review of the literature. Clin Rheumatol. 2008;27(10):1333–6.PubMedCrossRef
91.
Zurück zum Zitat Shiboski SC, Shiboski CH, Criswell LA et al. American college of rheumatology classification criteria for Sjogren’s syndrome: A data-driven expert consensus approach in the Sjogren’s international collaborative clinical alliance cohort. 2012; 64(4): 475–87 Shiboski SC, Shiboski CH, Criswell LA et al. American college of rheumatology classification criteria for Sjogren’s syndrome: A data-driven expert consensus approach in the Sjogren’s international collaborative clinical alliance cohort. 2012; 64(4): 475–87
92.
Zurück zum Zitat Hernández-Molina G, Avila-Casado C, Cárdenas-Velázquez F, et al. Similarities and differences between primary and secondary Sjögren's syndrome. J Rheumatol. 2010;37(4):800–8.PubMedCrossRef Hernández-Molina G, Avila-Casado C, Cárdenas-Velázquez F, et al. Similarities and differences between primary and secondary Sjögren's syndrome. J Rheumatol. 2010;37(4):800–8.PubMedCrossRef
93.
Zurück zum Zitat Civilibal M, Canpolat N, Yurt A. A child with primary Sjogren Syndrome and a review of the literature. Clinical Pediatrics. 2007;46(8):738–42.PubMedCrossRef Civilibal M, Canpolat N, Yurt A. A child with primary Sjogren Syndrome and a review of the literature. Clinical Pediatrics. 2007;46(8):738–42.PubMedCrossRef
94.
Zurück zum Zitat Cimaz R, Casadei A, Rose C, et al. Primary Sjogren syndrome in the paediatric age: a multicentre survey. Eur J Pediatr. 2003;162(10):661–65.PubMedCrossRef Cimaz R, Casadei A, Rose C, et al. Primary Sjogren syndrome in the paediatric age: a multicentre survey. Eur J Pediatr. 2003;162(10):661–65.PubMedCrossRef
95.
Zurück zum Zitat Houghton K, Malleson P, Cabral D, Petty R, Tucker L. Primary Sjogren’s syndrome in children and adolescents: are proposed diagnostic criteria applicable. J Rheumatol. 2005;32:2225–32.PubMed Houghton K, Malleson P, Cabral D, Petty R, Tucker L. Primary Sjogren’s syndrome in children and adolescents: are proposed diagnostic criteria applicable. J Rheumatol. 2005;32:2225–32.PubMed
96.
Zurück zum Zitat Bartunkova J, Sediva A, Vencovsky J, Tesar V. Primary Sjogren’s syndrome in children and adolescents: proposal for diagnostic criteria. Clin Exp Rheumatol. 1999;17:381–6.PubMed Bartunkova J, Sediva A, Vencovsky J, Tesar V. Primary Sjogren’s syndrome in children and adolescents: proposal for diagnostic criteria. Clin Exp Rheumatol. 1999;17:381–6.PubMed
97.
Zurück zum Zitat Stiller M, Golder W, Döring E, et al. Primary and secondary Sjögren's syndrome in children–a comparative study. Clin Oral Investig. 2000;4(3):176–82.PubMedCrossRef Stiller M, Golder W, Döring E, et al. Primary and secondary Sjögren's syndrome in children–a comparative study. Clin Oral Investig. 2000;4(3):176–82.PubMedCrossRef
98.
Zurück zum Zitat Nakamura Y, Yashiro M, Uehara R, et al. Epidemiologic features of Kawasaki disease in Japan: results of the 2007–2008 nationwide survey. J Epidemiol. 2010;20(4):302–07.PubMedCrossRef Nakamura Y, Yashiro M, Uehara R, et al. Epidemiologic features of Kawasaki disease in Japan: results of the 2007–2008 nationwide survey. J Epidemiol. 2010;20(4):302–07.PubMedCrossRef
99.
Zurück zum Zitat Lin YT, Manlhiot C, Ching JC, et al. Repeated systemic surveillance of Kawasaki disease in Ontario from 1995 to 2006. Pediatr Int. 2010;52:699–706.PubMedCrossRef Lin YT, Manlhiot C, Ching JC, et al. Repeated systemic surveillance of Kawasaki disease in Ontario from 1995 to 2006. Pediatr Int. 2010;52:699–706.PubMedCrossRef
100.
Zurück zum Zitat Newburger JW, Takahashi M, Gerber MA, et al. Diagnosis, treatment, and long-term management of Kawasaki disease. Circulation. 2004;110:2747–71.PubMedCrossRef Newburger JW, Takahashi M, Gerber MA, et al. Diagnosis, treatment, and long-term management of Kawasaki disease. Circulation. 2004;110:2747–71.PubMedCrossRef
101.
Zurück zum Zitat Burke MJ, Rennebohm RM. Eye involvement in Kawasaki disease. J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus. 1981;18:7–11.PubMed Burke MJ, Rennebohm RM. Eye involvement in Kawasaki disease. J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus. 1981;18:7–11.PubMed
102.
Zurück zum Zitat Kadyan A, Choi J, Headon MP. Disciform keratitis and optic disc swelling in Kawasaki disease: an unusual presentation. Eye. 2006;20(8):976–7.PubMedCrossRef Kadyan A, Choi J, Headon MP. Disciform keratitis and optic disc swelling in Kawasaki disease: an unusual presentation. Eye. 2006;20(8):976–7.PubMedCrossRef
103.
Zurück zum Zitat Burns JC, Joffe L, Sargent RA, Glode MP. Anterior uveitis associated with Kawasaki syndrome. Pediatr Infect Dis. 1985;4:258–61.PubMedCrossRef Burns JC, Joffe L, Sargent RA, Glode MP. Anterior uveitis associated with Kawasaki syndrome. Pediatr Infect Dis. 1985;4:258–61.PubMedCrossRef
104.
Zurück zum Zitat Rennebohm RM, Burke MJ, Crowe W, et al. Anterior uveitis in Kawasaki’s disease. Am J Ophthalmol. 1981;91(4):535–37.PubMed Rennebohm RM, Burke MJ, Crowe W, et al. Anterior uveitis in Kawasaki’s disease. Am J Ophthalmol. 1981;91(4):535–37.PubMed
105.
Zurück zum Zitat Burke MJ, Rennebohm RM. Eye involvement in Kawasaki disease. J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus. 1981;18(5):7–11.PubMed Burke MJ, Rennebohm RM. Eye involvement in Kawasaki disease. J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus. 1981;18(5):7–11.PubMed
106.
Zurück zum Zitat Farvardin M, Kashef S, Aleyasin S, et al. Sudden unilateral blindness in a girl with Kawasaki disease. J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus. 2007;44:303–04.PubMed Farvardin M, Kashef S, Aleyasin S, et al. Sudden unilateral blindness in a girl with Kawasaki disease. J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus. 2007;44:303–04.PubMed
107.
Zurück zum Zitat Grouteau E, Dubuisson C, Brochard K, et al. Severe global inflammatory involvement of ocular segments and optic disc swelling in a 12 year-old girl with Kawasaki disease. Eur J Ophthalmol. 2011;21:112–14.PubMedCrossRef Grouteau E, Dubuisson C, Brochard K, et al. Severe global inflammatory involvement of ocular segments and optic disc swelling in a 12 year-old girl with Kawasaki disease. Eur J Ophthalmol. 2011;21:112–14.PubMedCrossRef
108.
Zurück zum Zitat Garweg JG, Suter C, Aebi-Ochsner. Macular oedema in Kawasaki syndrome. Gaefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol. 2012;250:1101–04.CrossRef Garweg JG, Suter C, Aebi-Ochsner. Macular oedema in Kawasaki syndrome. Gaefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol. 2012;250:1101–04.CrossRef
109.
Zurück zum Zitat Newton R. Molecular mechanisms of glucocorticoid action: what is important? Thorax. 2000;55:603–13.PubMedCrossRef Newton R. Molecular mechanisms of glucocorticoid action: what is important? Thorax. 2000;55:603–13.PubMedCrossRef
110.
Zurück zum Zitat • Thorne JE, Woreta FA, Dunn JP, Jabs DA. Risk of cataract development among children with juvenile-idiopathic arthritis uveitis treated with topical corticosteroids. Ophthalmology. 2010;117:1436–41. This retrospective cohort study showed that >3 drops of topical corticosteroids was associated with a significantly increased risk of cataract formation.PubMedCrossRef • Thorne JE, Woreta FA, Dunn JP, Jabs DA. Risk of cataract development among children with juvenile-idiopathic arthritis uveitis treated with topical corticosteroids. Ophthalmology. 2010;117:1436–41. This retrospective cohort study showed that >3 drops of topical corticosteroids was associated with a significantly increased risk of cataract formation.PubMedCrossRef
111.
Zurück zum Zitat Romero R, Peralta J, Sendagorta E, Abelairas J. Pars planitis in children: epidemiologic, clinical and therapeutic characteristics. J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus. 2007;44(5):288–93.PubMed Romero R, Peralta J, Sendagorta E, Abelairas J. Pars planitis in children: epidemiologic, clinical and therapeutic characteristics. J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus. 2007;44(5):288–93.PubMed
112.
Zurück zum Zitat Beukelman T, Ringold S, Davis TE, et al. CARRA Registry Investigators. Disease-modifying antirheumatic drug use in the treatment of juvenile idiopathic arthritis: A cross-sectional analysis of the CARRA Registry. J Rheumatol. 2012;39(9):1867–74.PubMedCrossRef Beukelman T, Ringold S, Davis TE, et al. CARRA Registry Investigators. Disease-modifying antirheumatic drug use in the treatment of juvenile idiopathic arthritis: A cross-sectional analysis of the CARRA Registry. J Rheumatol. 2012;39(9):1867–74.PubMedCrossRef
113.
Zurück zum Zitat Schatz CS, Uzel JL, Leininger L, et al. Immunosuppressants used in a steroid-sparing strategy for childhood uveitis. J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus. 2007;44(1):28–34.PubMed Schatz CS, Uzel JL, Leininger L, et al. Immunosuppressants used in a steroid-sparing strategy for childhood uveitis. J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus. 2007;44(1):28–34.PubMed
114.
Zurück zum Zitat Smith JR, Levinson RD, Holland GN, et al. Differential efficacy of tumor necrosis factor inhibition in the management of inflammatory eye disease and associated rheumatic disease. Arthritis Rheum. 2001;45:252–7.PubMedCrossRef Smith JR, Levinson RD, Holland GN, et al. Differential efficacy of tumor necrosis factor inhibition in the management of inflammatory eye disease and associated rheumatic disease. Arthritis Rheum. 2001;45:252–7.PubMedCrossRef
115.
Zurück zum Zitat Saurenmann RK, Levin AV, Rose JB, et al. Tumour necrosis factor alpha inhibitors in the treatment of childhood uveitis. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2006;45(8):982–9.PubMedCrossRef Saurenmann RK, Levin AV, Rose JB, et al. Tumour necrosis factor alpha inhibitors in the treatment of childhood uveitis. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2006;45(8):982–9.PubMedCrossRef
116.
Zurück zum Zitat Foeldvari I, Nielsen S, Kümmerle-Deschner J, et al. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha blocker in treatment of juvenile idiopathic arthritis-associated uveitis refractory to second-line agents: results of a multinational survey. J Rheumatol. 2007;34(5):1146–50.PubMed Foeldvari I, Nielsen S, Kümmerle-Deschner J, et al. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha blocker in treatment of juvenile idiopathic arthritis-associated uveitis refractory to second-line agents: results of a multinational survey. J Rheumatol. 2007;34(5):1146–50.PubMed
117.
Zurück zum Zitat Kahn P, Weiss M, Imundo LF, Levy DM. Favorable response to high-dose infliximab for refractory childhood uveitis. Ophthalmology. 2006;113(5):860–4.PubMedCrossRef Kahn P, Weiss M, Imundo LF, Levy DM. Favorable response to high-dose infliximab for refractory childhood uveitis. Ophthalmology. 2006;113(5):860–4.PubMedCrossRef
118.
Zurück zum Zitat • Zannin ME, Birolo C, Gerloni VM, et al. Safety and efficacy of infliximab and adalimumab for refractory uveitis in juvenile idiopathic arthritis: 1-year followup data from the Italian Registry. J Rheumatol. 2013;40(1):74–9. Infliximab and adalimumab appear to be effective and safe for the treatment of refractory uveitis.PubMedCrossRef • Zannin ME, Birolo C, Gerloni VM, et al. Safety and efficacy of infliximab and adalimumab for refractory uveitis in juvenile idiopathic arthritis: 1-year followup data from the Italian Registry. J Rheumatol. 2013;40(1):74–9. Infliximab and adalimumab appear to be effective and safe for the treatment of refractory uveitis.PubMedCrossRef
119.
Zurück zum Zitat Tynjälä P, Kotaniemi K, Lindahl P, et al. Adalimumab in juvenile idiopathic arthritis-associated chronic anterior uveitis. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2008;47(3):339–44.PubMedCrossRef Tynjälä P, Kotaniemi K, Lindahl P, et al. Adalimumab in juvenile idiopathic arthritis-associated chronic anterior uveitis. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2008;47(3):339–44.PubMedCrossRef
120.
Zurück zum Zitat Reiff A, Takei S, Sadeghi S, et al. Etanercept therapy in children with treatment-resistant uveitis. Arthritis Rheum. 2001;44(6):1411–5.PubMedCrossRef Reiff A, Takei S, Sadeghi S, et al. Etanercept therapy in children with treatment-resistant uveitis. Arthritis Rheum. 2001;44(6):1411–5.PubMedCrossRef
121.
Zurück zum Zitat Schmeling H, Horneff G. Etanercept and uveitis in patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2005;44(8):1008–11.PubMedCrossRef Schmeling H, Horneff G. Etanercept and uveitis in patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2005;44(8):1008–11.PubMedCrossRef
122.
Zurück zum Zitat Taban M, Dupps WJ, Mandell B, et al. Etanercept (enbrel)-associated in- flammatory eye disease: case report and review of the literature. Ocul Immunol Inflamm. 2006;14:145–50.PubMedCrossRef Taban M, Dupps WJ, Mandell B, et al. Etanercept (enbrel)-associated in- flammatory eye disease: case report and review of the literature. Ocul Immunol Inflamm. 2006;14:145–50.PubMedCrossRef
123.
Zurück zum Zitat Angeles-Han S, Flynn T, Lehman T. Abatacept for refractory juvenile idiopathic arthritis-associated uveitis- a case report. J Rheumatol. 2008;35(9):1897–8.PubMed Angeles-Han S, Flynn T, Lehman T. Abatacept for refractory juvenile idiopathic arthritis-associated uveitis- a case report. J Rheumatol. 2008;35(9):1897–8.PubMed
124.
Zurück zum Zitat William M, Faez S, Papaliodis GN, Lobo AM. Golimumab for the treatment of refractory juvenile idiopathic arthritis-associated uveitis. J Ophthalmic Inflamm Infect. 2012;2(4):231–3.PubMedCrossRef William M, Faez S, Papaliodis GN, Lobo AM. Golimumab for the treatment of refractory juvenile idiopathic arthritis-associated uveitis. J Ophthalmic Inflamm Infect. 2012;2(4):231–3.PubMedCrossRef
125.
Zurück zum Zitat Sen HN, Levy-Clarke G, Faia LJ, et al. High-dose daclizumab for the treatment of juvenile idiopathic arthritis-associated active anterior uveitis. Am J Ophthalmol. 2009;148(5):696–703.PubMedCrossRef Sen HN, Levy-Clarke G, Faia LJ, et al. High-dose daclizumab for the treatment of juvenile idiopathic arthritis-associated active anterior uveitis. Am J Ophthalmol. 2009;148(5):696–703.PubMedCrossRef
126.
Zurück zum Zitat Ziering CL, Rabinowitz LG, Esterly NB. Antimalarials for children: Indications, toxicities, and guidelines. J Am Acad Dermatol. 1993;28:764–70.PubMedCrossRef Ziering CL, Rabinowitz LG, Esterly NB. Antimalarials for children: Indications, toxicities, and guidelines. J Am Acad Dermatol. 1993;28:764–70.PubMedCrossRef
127.
Zurück zum Zitat Marmor MF, Kellner U, Lai TYY, Lyons JS, Mieler WF. Revised recommendations on screening for chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine retinopathy. Ophthalmology. 2011;118(2):415–22.PubMedCrossRef Marmor MF, Kellner U, Lai TYY, Lyons JS, Mieler WF. Revised recommendations on screening for chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine retinopathy. Ophthalmology. 2011;118(2):415–22.PubMedCrossRef
129.
Zurück zum Zitat • Angeles-Han ST, Griffin KW, Harrison MJ, et al. Development of a vision-related quality of life instrument for children ages 8–18 years for use in juvenile idiopathic arthritis-associated uveitis. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken). 2011;63(9):1254–61. This study provides evidence of the validity and reliability of the EYE-Q in the measurement of VRQOL.CrossRef • Angeles-Han ST, Griffin KW, Harrison MJ, et al. Development of a vision-related quality of life instrument for children ages 8–18 years for use in juvenile idiopathic arthritis-associated uveitis. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken). 2011;63(9):1254–61. This study provides evidence of the validity and reliability of the EYE-Q in the measurement of VRQOL.CrossRef
130.
Zurück zum Zitat Angeles-Han ST, Griffin KW, Lehman TJ, et al. The importance of visual function in the quality of life of children with uveitis. J AAPOS. Mar 15 2010. Angeles-Han ST, Griffin KW, Lehman TJ, et al. The importance of visual function in the quality of life of children with uveitis. J AAPOS. Mar 15 2010.
Metadaten
Titel
Current Perspectives on Ophthalmic Manifestations of Childhood Rheumatic Diseases
verfasst von
Neal V. Palejwala
Steven Yeh
Sheila T. Angeles-Han
Publikationsdatum
01.07.2013
Verlag
Springer US
Erschienen in
Current Rheumatology Reports / Ausgabe 7/2013
Print ISSN: 1523-3774
Elektronische ISSN: 1534-6307
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11926-013-0341-3

Weitere Artikel der Ausgabe 7/2013

Current Rheumatology Reports 7/2013 Zur Ausgabe

SYSTEMIC LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS (M PETRI, SECTION EDITOR)

Ten Developments in the Use of Biologicals for Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

CRYSTAL ARTHRITIS (MH PILLINGER, SECTION EDITOR)

Update on Oxalate Crystal Disease

PEDIATRIC RHEUMATOLOGY (TJA LEHMAN, SECTION EDITOR)

Tocilizumab in Pediatric Rheumatology: The Clinical Experience

COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE (SL KOLASINSKI, SECTION EDITOR)

Manipulative Therapy (Feldenkrais, Massage, Chiropractic Manipulation) for Neck Pain

SERONEGATIVE ARTHRITIS (MA KHAN, SECTION EDITOR)

Osteoimmunology and Bone Homeostasis: Relevance to Spondyloarthritis

Leitlinien kompakt für die Innere Medizin

Mit medbee Pocketcards sicher entscheiden.

Seit 2022 gehört die medbee GmbH zum Springer Medizin Verlag

Erhebliches Risiko für Kehlkopfkrebs bei mäßiger Dysplasie

29.05.2024 Larynxkarzinom Nachrichten

Fast ein Viertel der Personen mit mäßig dysplastischen Stimmlippenläsionen entwickelt einen Kehlkopftumor. Solche Personen benötigen daher eine besonders enge ärztliche Überwachung.

Nach Herzinfarkt mit Typ-1-Diabetes schlechtere Karten als mit Typ 2?

29.05.2024 Herzinfarkt Nachrichten

Bei Menschen mit Typ-2-Diabetes sind die Chancen, einen Myokardinfarkt zu überleben, in den letzten 15 Jahren deutlich gestiegen – nicht jedoch bei Betroffenen mit Typ 1.

15% bedauern gewählte Blasenkrebs-Therapie

29.05.2024 Urothelkarzinom Nachrichten

Ob Patienten und Patientinnen mit neu diagnostiziertem Blasenkrebs ein Jahr später Bedauern über die Therapieentscheidung empfinden, wird einer Studie aus England zufolge von der Radikalität und dem Erfolg des Eingriffs beeinflusst.

Costims – das nächste heiße Ding in der Krebstherapie?

28.05.2024 Onkologische Immuntherapie Nachrichten

„Kalte“ Tumoren werden heiß – CD28-kostimulatorische Antikörper sollen dies ermöglichen. Am besten könnten diese in Kombination mit BiTEs und Checkpointhemmern wirken. Erste klinische Studien laufen bereits.

Update Innere Medizin

Bestellen Sie unseren Fach-Newsletter und bleiben Sie gut informiert.