Introduction
Transtheoretical Model
Theory of Triadic Influence
Transfer Theory
Interrelations of Different Single Health Behaviors
Clusters of Individuals with Similar Health Behaviors
Aims of the Three Studies
Data Analysis
Study 1—Telephone Survey in Hawaii (USA)
Method
Participants
Procedure
Measurements
Results
Stage Distribution
Relationships of Stages Across Different Behaviors
Physical activity stage | Fruit and vegetable consumption stage | Non-smoking Stagea
| ||
---|---|---|---|---|
Physical activity stage |
r
| 0.16 | 0.08 | |
p
| <0.01 | 0.01 | ||
N
| 3,375 | 1,241 | ||
Fruit and vegetable consumption stage |
r
| 0.16 | ||
p
| <0.01 | |||
N
| 1,229 | |||
Factor loading on factor 1b
| 0.81 | 0.70 | – | |
Factor loading on factor 2b
| – | – | 0.97 |
Clusters of Study Participants
Study 2—Online Study in German-Speaking Countries
Method
Participants
Procedure
Measurements
Results
Stage Distribution
Relationships of Stages Across Different Behaviors
Physical activity stage | Fruit and vegetable consumption stage | Balanced diet stage | Healthy drinking stage | Non-smoking stage | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Physical activity stage |
r
| 0.18 | 0.26 | 0.16 | 0.01 | |
p
| <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 | 0.68 | ||
N
| 911 | 890 | 935 | 938 | ||
Fruit and vegetable Consumption stage |
r
| 0.40 | 0.27 | 0.15 | ||
p
| <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 | |||
N
| 894 | 908 | 913 | |||
Balanced diet stage |
r
| 0.21 | 0.08 | |||
p
| <0.01 | 0.02 | ||||
N
| 888 | 893 | ||||
Healthy drinking stage |
r
| −0.01 | ||||
p
| 0.91 | |||||
N
| 946 | |||||
Factor loading on factor 1a
| 0.59 | 0.69 | 0.71 | 0.62 | – | |
Factor loading on factor 2a
| – | 0.33 | – | – | 0.94 |
Clusters of Study Participants
Study 3—Online Study for Individuals with Diabetes in German-Speaking Countries
Method
Participants
Procedure
Measurements
Results
Stage Distribution
Relationships of Stages Across Different Behaviors
Physical activity stage | Fruit and vegetable consumption stage | Reduced alcohol consumption stage | Foot checking stage | Non-smoking stage | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Physical activity stage |
r
| 0.24 | 0.06 | 0.12 | 0.21 | |
p
| <0.01 | 0.28 | 0.04 | 0.01 | ||
N
| 304 | 304 | 302 | 153 | ||
Fruit and vegetable consumption stage |
r
| −0.03 | 0.22 | 0.16 | ||
p
| 0.62 | <0.01 | 0.06 | |||
N
| 304 | 302 | 153 | |||
Reduced alcohol consumption stage |
r
| 0.02 | 0.07 | |||
p
| 0.71 | 0.39 | ||||
N
| 302 | 153 | ||||
Foot checking stage |
r
| 0.14 | ||||
p
| 0.02 | |||||
N
| 153 | |||||
Factor loading on factor 1a
| 0.62 | 0.75 | – | 0.63 | – | |
Factor loading on factor 2a
| – | – | 0.77 | – | 0.72 |