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Neurotoxicity Research
Erschienen in: Neurotoxicity Research 3/2018

01.10.2018 | ORIGINAL ARTICLE

Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) and Comorbid Major Depression with GAD Are Characterized by Enhanced Nitro-oxidative Stress, Increased Lipid Peroxidation, and Lowered Lipid-Associated Antioxidant Defenses

verfasst von: Michael Maes, Kamila Landucci Bonifacio, Nayara Rampazzo Morelli, Heber Odebrecht Vargas, Estefânia Gastaldello Moreira, Drozdstoy St. Stoyanov, Décio Sabbatini Barbosa, André F. Carvalho, Sandra Odebrecht Vargas Nunes

Erschienen in: Neurotoxicity Research | Ausgabe 3/2018

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Abstract

Accumulating evidence shows that nitro-oxidative pathways play an important role in the pathophysiology of major depressive disorder (MDD) and bipolar disorder (BD) and maybe anxiety disorders. The current study aims to examine superoxide dismutase (SOD1), catalase, lipid hydroperoxides (LOOH), nitric oxide metabolites (NOx), advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP), malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH), paraoxonase 1 (PON1), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL), and uric acid (UA) in participants with and without generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) co-occurring or not with BD, MDD, or tobacco use disorder. Z unit-weighted composite scores were computed as indices of nitro-oxidative stress driving lipid and protein oxidation. SOD1, LOOH, NOx, and uric acid were significantly higher and HDL and PON1 significantly lower in participants with GAD than in those without GAD. GAD was more adequately predicted by increased SOD + LOOH + NOx and lowered HDL + PON1 composite scores. Composite scores of nitro-oxidative stress coupled with aldehyde and AOPP production were significantly increased in participants with comorbid GAD + MDD as compared with all other study groups, namely MDD, GAD + BD, BD, GAD, and healthy controls. In conclusion, GAD is characterized by increased nitro-oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation and lowered lipid-associated antioxidant defenses, while increased uric acid levels in GAD may protect against aldehyde production and protein oxidation. This study suggests that increased nitro-oxidative stress and especially increased SOD1 activity, NO production, and lipid peroxidation as well as lowered HDL-cholesterol and PON1 activity could be novel drug targets for GAD especially when comorbid with MDD.
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Metadaten
Titel
Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) and Comorbid Major Depression with GAD Are Characterized by Enhanced Nitro-oxidative Stress, Increased Lipid Peroxidation, and Lowered Lipid-Associated Antioxidant Defenses
verfasst von
Michael Maes
Kamila Landucci Bonifacio
Nayara Rampazzo Morelli
Heber Odebrecht Vargas
Estefânia Gastaldello Moreira
Drozdstoy St. Stoyanov
Décio Sabbatini Barbosa
André F. Carvalho
Sandra Odebrecht Vargas Nunes
Publikationsdatum
01.10.2018
Verlag
Springer US
Erschienen in
Neurotoxicity Research / Ausgabe 3/2018
Print ISSN: 1029-8428
Elektronische ISSN: 1476-3524
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s12640-018-9906-2

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