Erschienen in:
01.04.2018 | Original Research Article
Pharmacokinetic–Pharmacodynamic Analysis of Cisplatin with Hydration and Mannitol Diuresis: The Contribution of Urine Cisplatin Concentration to Nephrotoxicity
verfasst von:
Keizo Fukushima, Akira Okada, Hiroyuki Oe, Mika Hirasaki, Mami Hamori, Asako Nishimura, Nobuhito Shibata, Nobuyuki Sugioka
Erschienen in:
European Journal of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics
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Ausgabe 2/2018
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Abstract
Background and Objectives
Forced diuresis, high-volume hydration with diuresis, is widely used as a prophylactic treatment against cisplatin nephrotoxicity. However, the details of the underlying mechanisms and the optimal protocol of forced diuresis remain unclear. The present study investigated the alterations in pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics (nephrotoxicity) of cisplatin with forced diuresis treatment.
Methods
Cisplatin (5 mg/kg) was intravenously injected to rats (5 rats/group, except for control group in pharmacodynamic study, n = 13) treated with or without forced diuresis 2-h pre- and post-hydration with 10% mannitol at different infusion rates (0.3, 1.0, and 3.0 mL/h). The unbound cisplatin concentrations in plasma and urine, and the platinum amount in the kidney were monitored in the pharmacokinetic studies. The plasma creatinine concentration was evaluated as an index of nephrotoxicity in the pharmacodynamic studies.
Results
Forced diuresis treatment did not significantly alter the plasma cisplatin pharmacokinetics but dramatically decreased the urine concentration of unbound cisplatin and its accumulation into the kidneys in a dose-dependent manner, and correspondingly, nephrotoxicity was dose-dependently attenuated by forced diuresis. The pharmacokinetic–pharmacodynamic analysis suggested that the urine cisplatin concentration has a comparable impact on the cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity to that in plasma, probably owing to the reabsorption of cisplatin from urine, which can be attenuated by forced diuresis.
Conclusions
These results indicated that the nephroprotective effect of forced diuresis is a pharmacokinetic-based drug–drug interaction possibly due to the inhibition of cisplatin reabsorption from urine. Monitoring of urine cisplatin concentration may lead to the optimization of a forced diuresis protocol with mannitol.