The updated phenotype-based diagnosis and classification system based on features enables accurate characterization of individual patients and the potential for optimizing outcomes by addressing features most bothersome to the patient. |
Treatment optimization may be enabled by new evidence on treatment combinations and the upcoming availability of new topical/oral formulations of existing medications. |
Various novel therapeutic interventions are being investigated, some based on the increased understanding of rosacea’s pathophysiology. |
1 Introduction
Diagnostic features | Major features | Minor features |
---|---|---|
Persistent centrofacial erythema with periodic intensification by potential trigger factors Phymatous changes | Flushing/transient centrofacial erythema Inflammatory papules and pustules Telangiectasia (excluding alar involvement) Ocular manifestations: Lid margin telangiectasia Blepharitis Keratitis/conjunctivitis/sclerokeratitis | Burning sensation of the skin Stinging sensation of the skin Edema Dry sensation of the skin |
Agent | Manufacturer | Route of administration | Patients enrolled | Phase, status and reference |
---|---|---|---|---|
B244 spray | AOBiome LLC | Topical | 140 | Phase II, completed [50] |
DMT210 5% gel | Dermata Therapeutics | Topical | 104 | Phase II, completed [58] |
Encapsulated benzoyl peroxide cream (1% and 5%); brand name: Epsolay® (5%) | Sol-Gel technologies, Ltd. | Topical | 733 | |
Erenumab 140 mg 4-weekly; brand name Aimovig® | Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation | Subcutaneous | 30 | Phase II, recruiting [49] |
Hydroxychloroquine 200 mg twice daily | Various manufacturers | Oral | 6 | Pilot study [59] |
66 | Pilot study [60] | |||
Minocycline | ||||
Minocycline extended release capsules (DFD-29 20 and 40 mg) | Dr Reddy’s Laboratories Ltd | Oral | 205 | Phase II, completed [40] |
Minocycline foam (FMX103 1.5% and 3%); brand name: Zilxi™ (1.5%) | VYNE Therapeutics Inc. | Topical | 1522 | |
Minocycline gel 1% and 3% | Hovione Scientia, Ltd | Topical | 270 | Phase IIb, completed [39] |
Omiganan gel | Maruho Co., Ltd | Topical | 240 | Phase II, completed [53] |
307 | Phase III, completed [51] | |||
463 | Phase III, completed [54] | |||
263 | Phase III, completed [52] | |||
Rifaximin; brand name Xifaxan® | Alfasigma S.p.A | Oral | 236 | Phase II, completed [57] |
Secukinumab 300 mg weekly for 5 weeks then monthly; brand name Cosentyx® | Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation | Subcutaneous | 24 | Phase Ib, completed [48] |