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Erschienen in: Der Pathologe 6/2006

01.11.2006 | Schwerpunkt: Rheumapathologie

Abriebpartikel

Schlüssel der aseptischen Prothesenlockerung?

Erschienen in: Die Pathologie | Ausgabe 6/2006

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Zusammenfassung

Die aseptische Prothesenlockerung ist die Hauptursache für das Implantatversagen von Gelenkprothesen des Hüft- und Kniegelenks. Dabei ist die Hauptursache der aseptischen Prothesenlockerung der Knochenverlust infolge der biologischen Wirkung von Abriebpartikeln. Diese Abriebpartikel entfalten ihre Wirkung auf verschiedenen zellulären Wegen, vor allem über die Makrophagen, Fremdkörperriesenzellen und Fibroblasten der periprothetischen Membran. Diese induzieren die partikelinduzierte Knochenresorption mittels proinflammatorischer Zytokine wie IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-6 und Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), die eine Aktivierung der Osteoklasten und eine Suppression der Osteoblasten bedingen. Neutrophile Granulozyten spielen bei der aseptischen Lockerung wie auch die Lymphozyten keine nennenswerte Rolle. Die verschiedenen Partikel wie „ultra high molecular weight polyethylene“ (UHMWPE), Metalle, Keramik und Polymethylmethacrylat (PMMA) sind morphologisch relativ einfach zu differenzieren. Für die tägliche Praxis ist aus klinischer Sicht die Differenzierung zwischen akuter Infektion, chronischer Infektion und partikelinduzierter Prothesenlockerung notwendig. Somit ist die histologische Differenzialdiagnose zwischen septischer, aseptischer Lockerung oder deren Kombination von herausragender Bedeutung.
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Metadaten
Titel
Abriebpartikel
Schlüssel der aseptischen Prothesenlockerung?
Publikationsdatum
01.11.2006
Erschienen in
Die Pathologie / Ausgabe 6/2006
Print ISSN: 2731-7188
Elektronische ISSN: 2731-7196
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00292-006-0868-4

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Beginnen ältere Männer im Pflegeheim eine Antihypertensiva-Therapie, dann ist die Frakturrate in den folgenden 30 Tagen mehr als verdoppelt. Besonders häufig stürzen Demenzkranke und Männer, die erstmals Blutdrucksenker nehmen. Dafür spricht eine Analyse unter US-Veteranen.

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