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Erschienen in: Der Ophthalmologe 1/2008

01.01.2008 | Übersichten

Lutein und Antioxidantien zur Prävention der AMD

verfasst von: M. Rehak, E. Fric, Prof. Dr. P. Wiedemann

Erschienen in: Die Ophthalmologie | Ausgabe 1/2008

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Zusammenfassung

Aufgrund der demographischen Entwicklung ist in Europa und Nordamerika eine Zunahme der altersabhängigen Makuladegeneration (AMD) zu beobachten. Sie ist eine der führenden Ursachen für Blindheit und stellt gleichzeitig ein großes ökonomisches Problem dar.
Es gibt zahlreiche Hinweise, dass oxidativer Stress die Entwicklung der AMD begünstigt. Da das energiereiche blaue Licht an der neurosensorischen Netzhaut zu photooxidativen Schäden führen kann, ist das makuläre Pigment (MP) durch seinen Filtereffekt und seine antioxidative Wirkung für den Schutz der zentralen Netzhaut von hoher Bedeutung und wird oft als „natürliche Sonnenbrille“ bezeichnet. Das MP ist biochemisch eine Anreicherung von Lutein und Zeaxanthin. Diese Mikronährstoffe, genauso wie Vitamine mit antioxidativer Wirkung (vor allem Vitamin C, E und β-Karotin) können von Säugetieren nicht synthetisiert werden. Deswegen wird die Bedeutung der Ernährung bzw. der Supplementation für die Entstehung und Progression der AMD schon seit Jahren diskutiert.
Die Ergebnisse der bisher publizierten Studien, die den Zusammenhang zwischen MP und AMD untersuchten, sind widersprüchlich. Ein positiver Einfluss der Supplementation von Lutein und Zeaxanthin wurde bis jetzt in keiner randomisierten placebokontrollierten Studie nachgewiesen. Die therapeutische Beeinflussung der AMD durch einen erhöhten Konsum von Antioxidantien und ω-3-Fettsäuren (die in Meeresfischen vorkommen) wurde in den diesen Studien kontrovers bewertet.
Die bis jetzt größte abgeschlossene randomisierte placebokontrollierte Studie, die einen signifikanten Einfluss der Supplementation von Antioxidantien, Zink und Kupfer auf bestimmte Formen der AMD nachwies, ist die ARED Studie. Sie empfiehlt diese Supplementation nur für klar definierte Risikogruppen. Die Gabe von Lutein und ω-3-Fettsäuren ist nicht toxisch, aber bisher nicht durch randomisierte Studien abgesichert.
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Metadaten
Titel
Lutein und Antioxidantien zur Prävention der AMD
verfasst von
M. Rehak
E. Fric
Prof. Dr. P. Wiedemann
Publikationsdatum
01.01.2008
Verlag
Springer-Verlag
Erschienen in
Die Ophthalmologie / Ausgabe 1/2008
Print ISSN: 2731-720X
Elektronische ISSN: 2731-7218
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00347-007-1602-1

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