nach oben

Graefe's Archive for Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology

Erschienen in:

01.11.2008 | Basic Science

Comparison of visual function in pigmented and albino rats by electroretinography and visual evoked potentials

verfasst von: Peter Heiduschka, Ulrich Schraermeyer

Erschienen in: Graefe's Archive for Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology | Ausgabe 11/2008

Einloggen, um Zugang zu erhalten

Abstract

Purpose

To check differences in visual function between Wistar (albino) and Long-Evans (pigmented) rats.

Methods

The animals were born in our facilities and reared under identical light conditions avoiding bright light. Visual electrophysiology was performed at the ages of 1.5, 4, 7 and 10 months (electroretinography, ERG) and at 1.5 and 7 months (visual evoked potentials, VEP).

Results

ERG measurements showed that: 1) The amplitudes of both scotopic and photopic b-waves were markedly larger in Long-Evans rats than in Wistar rats, and also the amplitudes of scotopic oscillatory potentials and photopic 30 Hz Flicker amplitudes, 2) scotopic a-wave amplitudes were larger in Wistar rats at low light intensities, whereas they were smaller in bright light, 3) both a-wave and b-wave latencies were shorter in Wistar rats, 4) the maximum response Rm_P3 was larger in Long-Evans rats, 5) the sensitivity parameter S was larger in Wistar rats, and 6) the post-receptoral response of cones was smaller in Wistar rats. In the VEP measurements, amplitudes of both photopic and scotopic visual evoked potentials of Long-Evans rats were only slightly larger than those of Wistar rats.

Conclusions

ERG b-wave amplitudes are markedly decreased in Wistar rats, which requires further investigation. As the b/a and OP/a ratios were also decreased in Wistar rats, it can be suggested that post-receptoral processing, in particular, is impaired in albino animals.

Abadi RV, Pascal E (1991) Visual resolution limits in human albinism. Vision Res 31:1445–1447 doi:10.1016/0042-6989(91)90063-B PubMedCrossRef

Balkema GW, Dräger UC (1991) Impaired visual thresholds in hypopigmented animals. Vis Neurosci 6:577–585PubMedCrossRef

Barmashenko G, Schmidt M, Hoffmann K-P (2005) Differences between cation-chloride co-transporter functions in the visual cortex of pigmented and albino rats. Eur J Neurosci 21:1189–1195 doi:10.1111/j.1460-9568.2005.03948.x PubMedCrossRef

Behn D, Doke A, Racine J, Casanova C, Chemtob S, Lachapelle P (2003) Dark adaptation is faster in pigmented than albino animals. Doc Ophthalmol 106:153–159 doi:10.1023/A:1022511918823 PubMedCrossRef

Birch D, Jacobs GH (1979) Spatial contrast sensitivity in albino and pigmented rats. Vision Res 19:933–937 doi:10.1016/0042-6989(79)90029-4 PubMedCrossRef

Blaszczyk WM, Straub H, Distler C (2004a) GABA content in the retina of pigmented and albino rats. Neuroreport 15:1141–1144 doi:10.1097/00001756-200405190-00012 PubMedCrossRef

Blaszczyk WM, Telkes I, Distler C (2004b) GABA-immunoreactive starburst amacrine cells in pigmented and albino rats. Eur J Neurosci 20:3195–3198 doi:10.1111/j.1460-9568.2004.03761.x PubMedCrossRef

Blaszczyk WM, Arning L, Hoffmann K-P, Epplen JT (2005) A Tyrosinase missense mutation causes albinism in the Wistar rat. Pigment Cell Res 18:144–145 doi:10.1111/j.1600-0749.2005.00227.x PubMedCrossRef

Breton ME, Schueller AW, Lamb TD, Pugh EN Jr (1994) Analysis of ERG a-wave amplification and kinetics in terms of the G-protein cascade of phototransduction. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 35:295–309PubMed

10.

Bui BV, Vingrys AJ (1999) Development of receptoral responses in pigmented and albino guinea-pigs (Cavia porcellus). Doc Ophthalmol 99:151–170 doi:10.1023/A:1002721315955 PubMedCrossRef

11.

Donatien P, Jeffery G (2002) Correlation between rod photoreceptor numbers and levels of ocular pigmentation. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 43:1198–1203PubMed

12.

Donatien P, Aigner B, Jeffery G (2002) Variations in cell density in the ganglion cell layer of the retina as a function of ocular pigmentation. Eur J Neurosci 15:1597–1602 doi:10.1046/j.1460-9568.2002.02022.x PubMedCrossRef

13.

Dräger UC (1985) Calcium binding in pigmented and albino eyes. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 82:6716–6720 doi:10.1073/pnas.82.19.6716 PubMedCrossRef

14.

Dreher B, Sefton AJ, Ni SY, Nisbett G (1985) The morphology, number, distribution and central projections of Class I retinal ganglion cells in albino and hooded rats. Brain Behav Evol 26:10–48 doi:10.1159/000118764 PubMedCrossRef

15.

Dyer RS, Swartzwelder HS (1978) Sex and strain differences in the visual evoked potentials of albino and hooded rats. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 9:301–306 doi:10.1016/0091-3057(78)90289-7 PubMedCrossRef

16.

Elekessy EI, Campion JE, Henry GH (1973) Differences between the visual fields of Siamese and common cats. Vision Res 13:2533–2543 doi:10.1016/0042-6989(73)90250-2 PubMedCrossRef

17.

Gallemore RP, Li JD, Govardovskii VI, Steinberg RH (1994) Calcium gradients and light-evoked calcium changes outside rods in the intact cat retina. Vis Neurosci 11:753–761PubMedCrossRef

18.

Garipis N, Hoffmann K-P (2003) Visual field defects in albino ferrets (Mustela putorius furo). Vision Res 43:793–800 doi:10.1016/S0042-6989(03)00015-4 PubMedCrossRef

19.

Gershoni-Baruch R, Rosenmann A, Droetto S, Holmes S, Tripathi RK, Spritz RA (1994) Mutations of the tyrosinase gene in patients with oculocutaneous albinism from various ethnic groups in Israel. Am J Hum Genet 54:586–594PubMed

20.

Girman SV, Sauve Y, Lund RD (1999) Receptive field properties of single neurons in rat primary visual cortex. J Neurophysiol 82:301–311PubMed

21.

Grant S, Patel NN, Philp AR, Grey CN, Lucas RD, Foster RG et al (2001) Rod photopigment deficits in albinos are specific to mammals and arise during retinal development. Vis Neurosci 18:245–251 doi:10.1017/S095252380118209X PubMedCrossRef

22.

Green DG, Herreros de Tejada P, Glover MJ (1994) Electrophysiological estimates of visual sensitivity in albino and pigmented mice. Vis Neurosci 11:919–925PubMedCrossRef

23.

Gresh J, Goletz PW, Crouch RK, Rohrer B (2003) Structure-function analysis of rods and cones in juvenile, adult, and aged C57bl/6 and Balb/c mice. Vis Neurosci 20:211–220 doi:10.1017/S0952523803202108 PubMedCrossRef

24.

Harker KT, Whishaw IQ (2002) Place and matching-to-place spatial learning affected by rat inbreeding (Dark-Agouti, Fischer 344) and albinism (Wistar, Sprague-Dawley) but not domestication (wild rat vs Long-Evans, Fischer-Norway). Behav Brain Res 134:467–477 doi:10.1016/S0166-4328(02)00083-9 PubMedCrossRef

25.

Harvey RJ, De’Sperati C, Strata P (1997) The early phase of horizontal optokinetic responses in the pigmented rat and the effects of lesions of the visual cortex. Vision Res 37:1615–1625 doi:10.1016/S0042-6989(96)00292-1 PubMedCrossRef

26.

Herreros de Tejada P, Green DG, Muñoz Tedó C (1992) Visual thresholds in albino and pigmented rats. Vis Neurosci 9:409–414PubMedCrossRef

27.

Hood DC, Birch DG (1994) Rod phototransduction in retinitis pigmentosa: Estimation and interpretation of parameters derived from the rod a-wave. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 35:2948–2961PubMed

28.

Huang B, Karwoski CJ (1992) Light-evoked expansion of subretinal space volume in the retina of the frog. J Neurosci 12:4243–4252PubMed

29.

Hupfeld D, Hoffmann K-P (2006) Motion perception in rats (Rattus norvegicus sp.): Deficits in albino Wistar rats compared to pigmented Long-Evans rats. Behav Brain Res 170:29–33 doi:10.1016/j.bbr.2006.01.022 PubMedCrossRef

30.

Ilia M, Jeffery G (2000) Retinal cell addition and rod production depend on early stages of ocular melanin synthesis. J Comp Neurol 420:437–444 doi:10.1002/(SICI)1096-9861(20000515)420:4<437::AID-CNE3>3.0.CO;2-1 PubMedCrossRef

31.

Jeffery G (1997) The albino retina: an abnormality that provides insight into normal retinal development. Trends Neurosci 20:165–169 doi:10.1016/S0166-2236(96)10080-1 PubMedCrossRef

32.

Jeffery G, Darling K, Whitmore A (1994) Melanin and the regulation of mammalian photoreceptor topography. Eur J Neurosci 6:657–667 doi:10.1111/j.1460-9568.1994.tb00311.x PubMedCrossRef

33.

Kaila K, Voipio J, Akerman KE (1984) Free extracellular [Ca2+] at photoreceptor level equals that in vitreous in frog and carp eyes. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 25:1395–1401PubMed

34.

Kim IB, Lee MY, Oh S, Kim KY, Chun M (1998) Double-labeling techniques demonstrate that rod bipolar cells are under GABAergic control in the inner plexiform layer of the rat retina. Cell Tissue Res 292:17–25 doi:10.1007/s004410051030 PubMedCrossRef

35.

Lamb TD, Pugh EN Jr (1992) A quantitative account of the activation steps involved in phototransduction in amphibian photoreceptors. J Physiol 499:719–758

36.

Lannou J, Cazin L, Precht W, Toupet M (1982) Optokinetic, vestibular, and optokinetic-vestibular responses in albino and pigmented rats. Pflugers Arch 393:42–44 doi:10.1007/BF00582389 PubMedCrossRef

37.

Lavallee CR, Chalifoux JR, Moosally AJ, Balkema GW (2003) Elevated free calcium levels in the subretinal space elevate the absolute dark-adapted threshold in hypopigmented mice. J Neurophysiol 90:3654–3662 doi:10.1152/jn.00736.2003 PubMedCrossRef

38.

Li W, Trexler EB, Massey SC (2002) Glutamate receptors at rod bipolar ribbon synapses in the rabbit retina. J Comp Neurol 448:230–248 doi:10.1002/cne.10189 PubMedCrossRef

39.

Livsey CT, Huang B, Xu J, Karwoski CJ (1990) Light-evoked changes in extracellular calcium concentration in frog retina. Vision Res 30:853–861 doi:10.1016/0042-6989(90)90054-O PubMedCrossRef

40.

Naka KI, Rushton WAH (1966) S-potentials from colour units in the retina of fish (Cyprinidae). J Physiol 185:536–555PubMed

41.

Nusinowitz S, Heckenlively JR (2006) Evaluating retinal function in the mouse retina with the electroretinogram. In: Heckenlively JR, Arden GB (eds) Principles and practice of clinical electrophysiology of vision. 2nd edn. The MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, pp 899–909

42.

Page-McCaw PS, Chung SC, Muto A, Roeser T, Staub W, Finger-Baier KC et al (2004) Retinal adaptation to bright light requires tyrosinase. Nat Neurosci 7:1329–1336 doi:10.1038/nn1344 PubMedCrossRef

43.

Prusky GT, Harker KT, Douglas RM, Whishaw IQ (2002) Variation in visual acuity within pigmented, and between pigmented and albino rat strains. Behav Brain Res 136:339–348 doi:10.1016/S0166-4328(02)00126-2 PubMedCrossRef

44.

Russell-Eggitt I, Kriss A, Taylor DS (1990) Albinism in childhood: a flash VEP and ERG study. Br J Ophthalmol 74:136–140 doi:10.1136/bjo.74.3.136 PubMedCrossRef

45.

Salceda R (1989) 45Ca uptake by retinal pigment epithelial cells. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 30:2114–2117PubMed

46.

Salceda R, Riesgo-Escovar JR (1990) Characterization of calcium uptake in chick retinal pigment epithelium. Pigment Cell Res 3:141–145 doi:10.1111/j.1600-0749.1990.tb00278.x PubMedCrossRef

47.

Salceda R, Sánchez-Chávez G (2000) Calcium uptake, release and ryanodine binding in melanosomes from retinal pigment epithelium. Cell Calcium 27:223–229 doi:10.1054/ceca.2000.0111 PubMedCrossRef

48.

Thomas BB, Aramant RB, Sadda SR, Seiler MJ (2005) Light response differences in the superior colliculus of albino and pigmented rats. Neurosci Lett 385:143–147 doi:10.1016/j.neulet.2005.05.034 PubMedCrossRef

49.

Vingrys AJ, Bui BV (2001) Development of postreceptoral function in pigmented and albino guinea pigs. Vis Neurosci 18:605–613 doi:10.1017/S0952523801184105 PubMedCrossRef

50.

von dem Hagen EA, Hoffmann MB, Morland AB (2008) Identifying human albinism: A comparison of VEP and fMRI. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 49:238–249 doi:10.1167/iovs.07-0458 CrossRef

51.

Wack MA, Peachey NS, Fishman GA (1989) Electroretinographic findings in human oculocutaneous albinism. Ophthalmology 96:1778–1785PubMed

52.

Wali N, Leguire LE (1992) Fundus pigmentation and the dark-adapted electroretinogram. Doc Ophthalmol 80:1–11 doi:10.1007/BF00161226 PubMedCrossRef

53.

Wali N, Leguire LE (1993) Fundus pigmentation and the electroretinographic luminance-response function. Doc Ophthalmol 84:61–69 doi:10.1007/BF01203283 PubMedCrossRef

54.

Weisse I, Loosen H, Peil H (1990) Age-related retinal changes - a comparison between albino and pigmented rats. Lens Eye Toxic Res 7:717–739PubMed

Titel: Comparison of visual function in pigmented and albino rats by electroretinography and visual evoked potentials
verfasst von: Peter Heiduschka
Ulrich Schraermeyer
Publikationsdatum: 01.11.2008
Verlag: Springer-Verlag
Erschienen in: Graefe's Archive for Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology / Ausgabe 11/2008
Print ISSN: 0721-832X
Elektronische ISSN: 1435-702X
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00417-008-0895-3

Neu im Fachgebiet Augenheilkunde

08.04.2024 | Therapieverfahren in der Augenheilkunde | CME

Update Augenheilkunde

Bestellen Sie unseren Fach-Newsletter und bleiben Sie gut informiert.

Newsletter bestellen

Springer Medizin

Comparison of visual function in pigmented and albino rats by electroretinography and visual evoked potentials

Abstract

Purpose

Methods

Results

Conclusions

Neu im Fachgebiet Augenheilkunde

Ophthalmika in der Schwangerschaft

Operative Therapie und Keimnachweis bei endogener Endophthalmitis

Bakterielle endogene Endophthalmitis

So erreichen Sie eine bestmögliche Wundheilung der Kornea

Update Augenheilkunde

Springer Medizin

Abstract

Purpose

Methods

Results

Conclusions

Bitte loggen Sie sich ein, um Zugang zu diesem Inhalt zu erhalten

Weitere Artikel der Ausgabe 11/2008

Expression of the SST receptor 2 in uveal melanoma is not a prognostic marker

Cost-effectiveness sequential modeling of ranibizumab versus usual care in age-related macular degeneration

Emulsification and inverted hypopyon formation of oxane HD in the anterior chamber

Phenotypic non-penetrance in granular corneal dystrophy type II

A review of in vivo animal studies in retinal prosthesis research

Prevalence and associated factors of diabetic retinopathy. The Beijing Eye Study 2006

Neu im Fachgebiet Augenheilkunde

Ophthalmika in der Schwangerschaft

Operative Therapie und Keimnachweis bei endogener Endophthalmitis

Bakterielle endogene Endophthalmitis

So erreichen Sie eine bestmögliche Wundheilung der Kornea

Update Augenheilkunde