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12.06.2015 | Original Article

Axonal elongation and dendritic branching is enhanced by adenosine A_2A receptors activation in cerebral cortical neurons

verfasst von: Filipa F. Ribeiro, Raquel Neves-Tomé, Natália Assaife-Lopes, Telma E. Santos, Rui F. M. Silva, Dora Brites, Joaquim A. Ribeiro, Mónica M. Sousa, Ana M. Sebastião

Erschienen in: Brain Structure and Function | Ausgabe 5/2016

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Abstract

Axon growth and dendrite development are key processes for the establishment of a functional neuronal network. Adenosine, which is released by neurons and glia, is a known modulator of synaptic transmission but its influence over neuronal growth has been much less investigated. We now explored the action of adenosine A_2A receptors (A_2AR) upon neurite outgrowth, discriminating actions over the axon or dendrites, and the mechanisms involved. Morphometric analysis of primary cultures of cortical neurons from E18 Sprague–Dawley rats demonstrated that an A_2AR agonist, CGS 21680, enhances axonal elongation and dendritic branching, being the former prevented by inhibitors of phosphoinositide 3-kinase, mitogen-activated protein kinase and phospholipase C, but not of protein kinase A. By testing the influence of a scavenger of BDNF (brain-derived neurotrophic factor) over the action of the A_2AR agonist and the action of a selective A_2AR antagonist over the action of BDNF, we could conclude that while the action of A_2ARs upon dendritic branching is dependent on the presence of endogenous BDNF, the influence of A_2ARs upon axonal elongation is independent of endogenous BDNF. In consonance with the action over axonal elongation, A_2AR activation promoted a decrease in microtubule stability and an increase in microtubule growth speed in axonal growth cones. In conclusion, we disclose a facilitatory action of A_2ARs upon axonal elongation and microtubule dynamics, providing new insights for A_2ARs regulation of neuronal differentiation and axonal regeneration.

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Titel: Axonal elongation and dendritic branching is enhanced by adenosine A2A receptors activation in cerebral cortical neurons
verfasst von: Filipa F. Ribeiro
Raquel Neves-Tomé
Natália Assaife-Lopes
Telma E. Santos
Rui F. M. Silva
Dora Brites
Joaquim A. Ribeiro
Mónica M. Sousa
Ana M. Sebastião
Publikationsdatum: 12.06.2015
Verlag: Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Erschienen in: Brain Structure and Function / Ausgabe 5/2016
Print ISSN: 1863-2653
Elektronische ISSN: 1863-2661
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00429-015-1072-1

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Axonal elongation and dendritic branching is enhanced by adenosine A_2A receptors activation in cerebral cortical neurons

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