Introduction
Methods
Participants
Swallowing Protocol
FEES Outcome Variables
Statistical Analysis
Results
Participants
Characteristics | Number of patients (%) |
---|---|
Age distribution (N = 90) | |
< 60 years | 22 (24.4) |
≥ 60 years | 68 (75.6) |
Length of time since completion of HNC treatment (N = 89) | |
< 5 years after treatment | 62 (69.7) |
> 5 years after treatment | 27 (30.3) |
T classification (N = 75) | |
T1 | 17 (22.7) |
T2 | 25 (33.3) |
T3 | 13 (17.3) |
T4 | 20 (26.7) |
N classification (N = 75) | |
N0 | 37 (49.3) |
N1 | 11 (14.7) |
N2 | 25 (33.3) |
N3 | 2 (2.7) |
M classification (N = 75) | |
M0 | 75 (100) |
Tumor location (N = 88) | |
Pharynx | 45 (51.1) |
Larynx | 23 (26.1) |
Oral cavity | 11 (12.5) |
Other locationa | 9 (10.2) |
Treatment (N = 89) | |
Definitive radiotherapy | 37 (41.6) |
Surgery | 10 (11.2) |
Surgery and adjuvant radio(chemo)therapy | 26 (29.2) |
Definitive radiochemotherapy | 16 (18) |
Tracheotomy (N = 87) | |
Tracheotomy | 14 (16.1) |
No tracheotomy | 73 (83.9) |
FOIS (N = 88) | |
Level 1 | 8 (9.1) |
Level 2 | 9 (10.2) |
Level 3 | 1 (1.1) |
Level 4 | 5 (5.7) |
Level 5 | 38 (43.1) |
Level 6 | 14 (15.9) |
Level 7 | 13 (14.8) |
Observer Agreement
Postswallow Vallecular Pooling
Thin Liquid Bolus Consistency
Pooling location and liquid bolus consistency | Presence of poolinga N (%) | Aspiration in patients who presented pooling N (%) | Aspiration in patients who did not present pooling N (%) |
---|---|---|---|
Valleculae | |||
Thin liquid (N = 76) | 39 (51.3) | 24 (61.5) | 14 (37.8) |
Thick liquid (N = 79) | 69 (87.3) | 22 (31.9) | 4 (40.0) |
Pyriform sinuses | |||
Thin liquid (N = 77) | 26 (33.8) | 17 (65.4) | 22 (43.1) |
Thick liquid (N = 80) | 38 (47.5) | 20 (52.6) | 8 (19.0) |
Unadjusteda | Adjusted for location of poolingb | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Thin liquid | Thick liquid | Thin liquid | Thick liquid | |||||
OR (95% CI) | p-value | OR (95% CI) | p-value | OR (95% CI) | p-value | OR (95% CI) | p-value | |
Postswallow vallecular pooling | ||||||||
Mild-to-moderate pooling versus no pooling | 1.94 (0.69, 5.51) | 0.212 | 0.21 (0.04, 1.11) | 0.066 | 1.39 (0.44, 4.35) | 0.572 | 0.18 (0.03, 1.05) | 0.056 |
Severe pooling versus no pooling | 4.52 (1.20, 16.97) | 0.026* | 1.42 (0.34, 5.88) | 0.628 | 2.58 (0.56, 11.91) | 0.226 | 0.80 (0.17, 3.78) | 0.781 |
Severe pooling versus mild-to-moderate pooling | 2.33 (0.58, 9.43) | 0.236 | 6.62 (1.94, 22.73) | 0.003* | 1.86 (0.41, 8.33) | 0.420 | 4.51 (1.17, 17.54) | 0.029* |
Postswallow pyriform sinus pooling | ||||||||
Mild-to-moderate pooling versus no pooling | 1.13 (0.33, 3.84) | 0.845 | 4.25 (0.87, 20.75) | 0.074 | 0.92 (0.25, 3.42) | 0.895 | 5.87 (1.00, 34.41) | 0.05004 |
Severe pooling versus no pooling | 7.25 (1.46, 36.10) | 0.016* | 4.86 (1.70, 13.91) | 0.003* | 4.78 (0.80, 28.35) | 0.086 | 3.44 (1.03, 11.47) | 0.044* |
Severe pooling versus mild-to-moderate pooling | 6.41 (0.99, 41.67) | 0.0501 | 1.14 (0.24, 5.44) | 0.867 | 5.21 (0.78, 34.48) | 0.089 | 0.59 (0.10, 3.34) | 0.548 |