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Erschienen in: Gefässchirurgie 7/2011

01.11.2011 | Leitthema

Minimierung kontrastmittelinduzierter Nephropathien

Strategien bei CTA, Katheterangiographie und Interventionen

verfasst von: U. Nyman, MD, PhD

Erschienen in: Gefässchirurgie | Ausgabe 7/2011

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Zusammenfassung

Ziel der vorliegenden Arbeit ist die Diskussion von Strategien zur Minimierung der Kontrastmittel(KM)-Dosen bei Patienten mit dem Risiko einer KM-induzierten Nephropathie („contrast medium-induced nephropathy“, CIN) nach Computertomographie(CT)-Angiographie, perkutaner Katheterangiographie (PCA) und vaskulärer Intervention (PVI). Allgemein scheint ein Verhältnis zwischen der Jodmenge in Gramm und der geschätzten glomerulären Filtrationsrate (g-I/eGFR) ≥1,0 ein signifikanter und unabhängiger Prädiktor einer CIN bei CTA und Koronarinterventionen zu sein. Bei Patienten mit hohem CIN-Risiko (z. B. eGFR <45 ml/min oder multiple Risikofaktoren) wird empfohlen, die g-I/eGFR-Ratio <0,5 zu halten. Bei Patienten mit Niereninsuffizienz kann eine 80-kVp-CTA mit 100–150 mg I/kg durchgeführt werden, dabei muss die Leistung der Röntgenröhre erhöht werden, um den Kontrast-Rausch-Abstand auf einem akzeptablen Niveau zu halten. Eine periphere PCA/PVI auf der Basis der digitalen Subtraktionstechnik kann mit 75–150 mg I/ml erfolgen oder auch weniger, wenn das Gerät die manuelle Einstellung des Röntgenröhrenpotenzials erlaubt. Koronararteriographien/-interventionen können bei 140–150 mg I/ml erfolgen, d. h. mit weniger als der Hälfte der üblicherweise verwendeten Konzentrationen (~320–370 mg I/ml), vor allem bei dünneren Patienten mit erhöhter Jodabschwächung aufgrund der automatischen Herabregulierung des Röntgenröhrenpotenzials.
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Metadaten
Titel
Minimierung kontrastmittelinduzierter Nephropathien
Strategien bei CTA, Katheterangiographie und Interventionen
verfasst von
U. Nyman, MD, PhD
Publikationsdatum
01.11.2011
Verlag
Springer-Verlag
Erschienen in
Gefässchirurgie / Ausgabe 7/2011
Print ISSN: 0948-7034
Elektronische ISSN: 1434-3932
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00772-011-0927-x

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