INTRODUCTION
THE VALUE OF OPEN SOURCE IN ROUTINE IMAGING
FROM INNOVATION TO ACCEPTANCE
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Reducing support costs: Costs associated with support and maintenance of older code can be a substantial drain on commercial vendors. Open sourcing lowers the support costs of legacy applications and allows commercial developers to focus on adding value instead of patching older software.12
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Reducing development costs: Open source software can lower the cost of development by using existing open source programs to add to the features of a vendor’s product. This is especially useful in efforts to ensure that new products conform to DICOM and HL7 standards and requirements.
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Adding business advantages: By releasing programs as open source, a commercial vendor can attract talented developers whose efforts mean that the programs will be more widely used. The company can then sell service and support on these same open source programs.
OPEN SOURCE AS A COMMUNITY EFFORT
EVALUATION CRITERIA FOR OPEN SOURCE PROJECTS
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Web site appearance and documentation. Good documentation is perhaps the best indicator of a truly successful open source project. Paradoxically, documentation is often the last task that developers address. In the best open source efforts, documentation is written not by the core developers but by individuals with the points of view of users. Documentation begins with the front page of the project Web site, which should be easy to navigate and informative. Mature projects will include screenshots, installation guides, user guides, and separate guides for developers.
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Activity and utilization. The second best indicator of a successful project can be found in the statistics provided by open source repositories like http://Sourceforge.net and http://Freshmeat.net. These sites provide relative activity metrics that indicate how often the project is downloaded, when the developers last updated the code, the number of registered users subscribed to the project, and information about activity on bulletin boards.
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Ease of installation. Although many open source applications are supported on a range of platform operating systems, this does not guarantee that applications will be easy to install or will operate as plug-and-plays. Installation failures are most often the result of a lack of documentation or inadequate validation tests on a multitude of hardware platforms. Immature open source projects may lack installation instructions, include multiple dependencies that are not packaged together, or require specific versioning of those dependencies. If background investigation, as evidenced by reports of other users, indicates that a program is quite difficult to install, this may be a sign that the project has not matured sufficiently to be a good investment of the user’s time.
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Technical support forums. A busy and active support forum for a program is not a sign of a buggy application but of the existence of a large group of enthusiastic users who are helping each other get the most value out of the application. In a truly vital open source community, response times for answers to even the most difficult questions can be quite short. The existence of a frequently updated section on common questions (FAQs) is another sign of an active and successful project community.
OPEN SOURCE PROGRAMS IN DIAGNOSTIC IMAGING
Server | License/Updaate | Homepage/Description |
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CTN | License: Public Domain | |
Last update: 2003-03-11 | Descriptions from site: "MIR DICOM Central Test Node Software The Central Test Node (CTN) software is a DICOM implementation which was designed to be used at the RSNA annual meetings to foster cooperative demonstrations by the medical imaging vendors. The goal was to provide a centralized implementation that facilitated vendor participation based on the evolving DICOM standard." | |
Conquest | License: Public Domain | |
Last update: 2007-02-01 | Descriptions from site: "A full featured DICOM server has been developed based on the public domain UCDMC DICOM code. Some possible applications of the Conquest DICOM software are: DICOM training and testing Demonstration image archives Image format conversion from a scanner with DICOM network access DICOM image slide making DICOM image selection and (limited) editing Automatic image forwarding and (de)compression." | |
DCMTK | License: BSD | Homepage: http://dicom.offis.de/dcmtk.php.en
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Last update: 2005-12-20 | Descriptions from site: "DCMTK is a collection of libraries and applications implementing large parts the DICOM standard. It includes software for examining, constructing and converting DICOM image files, handling offline media, sending and receiving images over a network connection, as well as demonstrative image storage and work list servers. DCMTK is is written in a mixture of ANSI C and C++. It comes in complete source code and is made available as "open source" software." | |
DCM4CHE | License: LGPL | Homepage: http://www.dcm4che.org
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Last update: 2007-05-10 | Descriptions from site: "dcm4che is an implementation of DICOM in Java. The sample applications may be useful on its own. It also includes an IHE compliant Image Archive application, based on J2EE." | |
Dcmrouter | License: Unknown | |
Last update: 2006-11-17 | Descriptions from site: Dcmrouter is a java-solution of a "Dicom Router", which is able to receive Dicom Objects and transmit them after manipulating with plugins. |
Tool | License/Update | Homepage/Description |
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Dicom Validation Tool Kit | License: LGPL | Homepage: http://dvtk.org
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Last update: 2007-03-08 | Descriptions from site: The DVTk project creates different tools that will assist in the development, testing, and servicing of medical interfaces such as DICOM and HL7. These tools provide you with a lot of functionality and capabilities to improve the quality of the interfaces of your products and will assist you in case you have integration problems. | |
Dicom3tools | License: Unknown | |
Last update: 2004-10-26 | Descriptions from site: Tools and libraries for handling offline files of DICOM 3 attributes, and conversion of proprietary formats to DICOM 3. Can handle older American College of Radiology (ACR)/NEMA format data, and some proprietary versions of that such as SPI. | |
Dicomparser | License: Unknown | |
Last update: 2005-01-19 | Descriptions from site: DICOMParser is a small, lightweight C++ toolkit for reading DICOM format medical image files. It builds on several platforms including Linux, AIX, HP-UX, IRIX, SunOS, Visual C++, Borland C++, and Cygwin. DICOMParser is used in VTK and ITK. | |
MESA | License: BSD | |
Last update: 2006-04-7 | Descriptions from site: As part of the IHE project, the ACC, HIMSS, and RSNA commissioned a set of software tools, which would be used to help participants prepare for demonstrations at the annual meetings. We have coined the term MESA to describe these tools. The purpose of the tools is to provide communication partners, test data, and test plans to allow organizations to provide a baseline level of testing as they implement the IHE Technical Framework. These tools are made available to participants during the period of an IHE demonstration year and are then released into the public domain at the end of that cycle. | |
openDICOM.NET | License: LGPL | Homepage: http://opendicom.sourceforge.net/
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Last update: 2007-04-19 | Descriptions from site: The openDICOM# Class Libary, main part of the openDICOM.NET project, provides an API to DICOM in C# for Mono and the .NET Framework | |
PixelMed Java DICOM Toolkit | License: BSD like | |
Last update: 2007-04-04 | Descriptions from site: from site “This is a stand-alone DICOM toolkit that implements code for reading and creating DICOM data, DICOM network and file support, a database of DICOM objects, support for display of directories, images, reports and spectra, and DICOM object validation.” |
Viewer | License/Update | Homepage/Description |
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Aeskulap | License: GPL | |
Last Update: 2006-03-08 | Descriptions from site: Aeskulap is a medical image viewer. It is able to load a series of special images stored in the DICOM format for review. It is able to query and fetch DICOM images from archive nodes (also called PACS) over the network. The goal of this project is to create a full open source replacement for commercially available DICOM viewers. It is based on gtkmm, glademm, and gconfmm and designed to run under Linux. Ports of these packages are available for different platforms. It should be quite easy to port it to any platform were these packages are available. | |
Amide | License: GPL | |
Last update: 2006-10-22 | Descriptions from site: "AMIDE is a completely free tool for viewing, analyzing, and registering volumetric medical imaging data sets. It’s been developed using GTK+/GNOME, and runs on any system that supports the toolkit (Linux, Windows, Mac OS X with fink, etc.)." | |
ClearCanvas | License: BSD | Homepage: http://clearcanvas.ca
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Last Update: 2007-05-18 | Descriptions from site: ClearCanvas Work station is our friendly, easy-to-use DICOM PACS viewer. Because it is built on top of our highly extensible application framework, we expect that it will be appropriate not just for radiologists and clinicians, but also researchers who want to build new, cutting edge tools that can be easily "tried out" in a clinical environment. | |
EViewBox | License: GPL | |
Last update: 2001-11-18 | Descriptions from site: "Eviewbox is a java imaging suite, its purpose is to view and spread native DICOM medical images, allowing for 2D and 3 reconstructions. EViewbox applet will allow to see the DICOM images on every platform." | |
ezDICOM | License: BSD | |
Last update: 2004-12-02 | Descriptions from site: "ezDICOM is a medical viewer for MRI, CT, and ultrasound images. It can read images from Analyze, DICOM, GE Genesis, Interfile, Siemens Magnetom, Siemens Somatom, and NEMA formats. It also includes tools for converting medical images from proprietary format" | |
ImageJ | License: Public Domain | |
Last update: 2007-05-25 | Descriptions from site: "ImageJ is a public domain Java image processing program inspired by NIH Image for the Macintosh. It runs, either as an online applet or as a downloadable application, on any computer with a Java 1.1 or later virtual machine. Downloadable distributions are available for Windows, Mac OS, Mac OS X and Linux. It can display, edit, analyze, process, save and print 8-bit, 16-bit and 32-bit images. It can read many image formats including TIFF, GIF, JPEG, BMP, DICOM, FITS and "raw. Custom acquisition, analysis and processing plugins can be developed using ImageJ’s built in editor and Java compiler. User-written plugins make it possible to solve almost any image processing or analysis problem." | |
kradview | License: GPL | |
Last update: 2006-03-26 | Descriptions from site: Kradview is a viewer of images obtained from different sources such as x-ray, NMR, and DICOM-compatible imaging devices. Its aim is to be an easy-to-use DICOM viewer with instant rendering of images, no matter the size and the zoom of the DICOM image. It allows medical professionals to view x-ray images easily. | |
Medwx | License: Python Software License | |
Last update: 2006-10-17 | Descriptions from site: Mainly a browser for medical patients documents. For now, it works for displaying radiology images in DICOM format. It supports Query/Retrieve. Build on Python, wxPython and ZODB. | |
NIH Image | License: Free / Public Domain | |
Last update: 2002-11-19 | Descriptions from site: "NIH Image is a public domain image processing and analysis program for the Macintosh. It was developed at the Research Services Branch (RSB) of the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH), part of the National Institutes of Health (NIH)." | |
Osirix | License: GPL | |
Last update: 2007-04-11 | Descriptions from site: OsiriX, for the Mac OS X, is an image processing software dedicated to DICOM images (".dcm" / ".DCM" extension) produced by medical equipment (MRI, CT, PET, PET-CT, ) and confocal microscopy (LSM and BioRAD-PIC format). It can also read many other file formats: TIFF (8,16, 32 bits), JPEG, PDF, AVI, MPEG, and Quicktime. It is fully compliant with the DICOM standard for image communication and image file formats. OsiriX is able to receive images transferred by DICOM communication protocol from any PACS or medical imaging modality (STORE SCP-Service Class Provider, STORE SCU-Service Class User, and Query/Retrieve). |
Tool | License/Update | Homepage/Description |
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AFNI | License: GPL | Homepage: http://afni.nimh.nih.gov/afni/
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Last update: 2007-05-29 | Descriptions from site: "AFNI is a set of C programs for processing, analyzing, and displaying functional MRI (FMRI) data—a technique for mapping human brain activity. It runs on Unix+X11+Motif systems, including SGI, Solaris, Linux, and Mac OS X. It is available free (in C source code format, and some precompiled binaries) for research purposes." | |
FSL | License: GPL | Homepage: http://www.fmrib.ox.ac.uk/fsl/
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Last update: 2006-04-01 | Descriptions from site: "FSL is a comprehensive library of functional and structural brain image analysis tools, written mainly by members of the Image Analysis Group, FMRIB, Oxford, UK. FSL runs under Linux, Macos X, Windows XP, SunOS and IRIX and is very easy to install. Most of the tools can be run both from the command line and as GUIs ("point-and-click" graphical user interfaces)." | |
ImageMagick | License: LGPL | Homepage: http://www.imagemagick.org/
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Last update: 2007-06-13 | Descriptions from site: ImageMagickTM 6.1.3 is a robust collection of tools and libraries to read, write, and manipulate an image in many image formats (over 90 major formats) including popular formats like TIFF, JPEG, PNG, PDF, PhotoCD, and GIF. With ImageMagick you can create images dynamically, making it suitable for Web applications. You can also resize, rotate, sharpen, reduce color, or add special effects to an image or image sequence and save your completed work in the same or different image format. Image processing operations are available from the command line, or from the C, C++, Perl, Java, PHP, Python, or Ruby programming languages. A high-quality 2D renderer is included, which provides a subset of SVG capabilities. ImageMagick’s focus is on performance, minimizing bugs, and providing stable APIs and ABIs. | |
ITK | License: BSD | Homepage: http://itk.org/index.htm
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Last update: 2007-06-11 | Descriptions from site: "The National Library of Medicine Insight Segmentation and Registration Toolkit (ITK). ITK is an open source software system to support the Visible Human Project. Currently under active development, ITK employs leading-edge segmentation and registration algorithms in two, three, and more dimensions." | |
KWWidgets | License: BSD | Homepage: http://www.kwwidgets.org
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Last update: 2007-06-14 | Descriptions from site: KWWidgets is a free, cross-platform, and open-license GUI Toolkit. Over a hundred C++ classes have been developed. It is also used by the National Alliance for Medical Image Computing for the 3D Slicer project. | |
3D Slicer | License: BSD | Homepage: http://www.slicer.org
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Last Update: 2007-06-05 | Descriptions from site: Slicer is a "point and click" end-user application. Slicer is used as a vehicle for delivering algorithms to computer scientists, biomedical researchers, and clinical investigators. | |
VTK | License: Free / Public Domain | Homepage: http://www.vtk.org/index.php
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Last update: 2007-06-11 | Descriptions from site: "The Visualization ToolKit (VTK) is an open source, freely available software system for 3D computer graphics, image processing, and visualization used by thousands of researchers and developers around the world. VTK consists of a C++ class library, and several interpreted interface layers including Tcl/Tk, Java, and Python. VTK supports a wide variety of visualization algorithms including scalar, vector, tensor, texture, and volumetric methods; and advanced modeling techniques such as implicit modelling, polygon reduction, mesh smoothing, cutting, contouring, and Delaunay triangulation. VTK has been installed and tested on nearly every Unix-based platform, PCs (Windows 98/ME/NT/2000/XP), and Mac OSX Jaguar or later." | |
XMedCon
| License: LGPL | Homepage: http://xmedcon.sourceforge.net/
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Last update: 2004-11-02 | Descriptions from site: An open source medical image conversion utility and library |
File | License/Update | Homepage/Description |
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Medical Image Resource Center (MIRC) | License: Public Domain | Homepage: http://www.rsna.org/mirc/
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Last update: 2007-01-23 | Descriptions from site: "The MIRC project develops tools to enable the medical imaging community to share images and information for education, research and clinical practice—within an institution and via the Internet. MIRC provides a common index that can be searched using medically relevant criteria. MIRC also offers an authoring tool that makes it easy to create radiology teaching files and other electronic documents in flexible formats with a common underlying structure." |
PACS | License/Update | Homepage/Description |
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CDIMEDIC PACS Web | License: GPL | |
Last update: 2003-05-02 | Descriptions from site: Full-featured free PACS based on ctn, dcmtk, and mysql, with remote administration using apache mod perl and imaging processing capabilities using ImageMagick , Grevera’s dcm2pgm DICOM converter and AFNI, available in Debian packaging format for i386 | |
DIOWave | License: GPL | Homepage: http://diowave-vs.sourceforge.net/
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Last update: 2003-05-01 | Descriptions from site: "DIOWave Visual Storage is a Web-based image display system for medical imaging (DICOM); an ultimately low-cost PACS solution for small to large clinical sites. A user can find and see clinical images by using web browsers with image processing capabilities such as zooming and W/L changing. It doesn’t require any plugins and supports various browsers such as Internet Explorer, Netscape and Mozilla. It runs on W2K Server using ASP.NET." | |
miniwebpacs | License: new | |
Last update: 2004-10-28 | Descriptions from site: This project seeks to develop a low-cost system to provide storage, control, and recovery of medical images and information in health care providers of small and medium capacity. Such system is based on the DICOM standard and in the actual WEB technologies. | |
O3-DPACS | License: GPL | Homepage: http://www.o3consortium.eu/
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Last update: 2007-04-17 | Descriptions from site: Currently, the User Community has O3 installations already active in five Italian regions and in short time also members abroad are adhering. The goal of the Open Three (O3) Consortium is to promote an Integrated Health care Environment for archiving, transmission, exchange, retrieval, and visualization of data, signals, images and reports, in which the three dimensions of the Health Policies—Hospitals, Territory/RHIOs and Home Care/Ambient Assisting Living (AAL)) are linked together. | |
OpenSourcePACS | License: LGPL | Homepage: http://www.mii.ucla.edu/index.php/MainSite:OpenSourcePacsHome |
Last update: 2005 | Descriptions from site: "OpenSourcePACS is a free, open source image referral, archiving, routing, and viewing system." |