Introduction
Methods
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PubMed (searched on October 13, 2016 & February 15, 2017)
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Google (searched on October 13, 2106 & February 15, 2017; first 4 pages of hits)
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Breast Cancer Research and Treatment (searched on October 13, 2016 & February 15, 2017)
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Supportive Care in Cancer (searched on October 13, 2016 & February 15, 2017)
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European Journal Oncology Nursing (searched on October 13, 2016 & February 15, 2017)
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European Journal Cancer (searched on October 13, 2016 & February 15, 2017)
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Journal Clinical Oncology (searched on October 13, 2016 & February15, 2017).
Inclusion criteria used in the qualitative and quantitative (meta-analysis) review
Exclusion criteria used
Statistical analysis
Results
Included studies
Study | Scalp cooling | No scalp cooling | Length of follow-up (months) scalp cooling median | Weighted length of follow-up scalp cooling | Length of follow-up (months) no scalp cooling median | Weighted length of follow-up no scalp cooling | Characteristics | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Scalp mets | Total pts | Scalp mets | Total pats | ||||||
Lemieux et al. [11] | 6 | 553 | 1 | 87 | 69 | 19.478 | 64 | 4.498 | First time breast cancer patients. Study undertaken in Canada. Mainly T1 and T2 tumor size; stage 1 & 2, treated with mainly cyclophosphamides and doxorubicin |
Parker [14] | 0 | 6 | 12 | 0.037 | Stage 4 recurrent disease. Treated with IV CMF (2 cycles) | ||||
Protiere et al. [18] | 0 | 77 | 0 | 109 | 44 | 1.729 | First time breast cancer patients. 4 cycles of adjuvant IV chemotherapy with mitoxantrone + cyclophosphamide. Antiemetics also administered. Study undertaken in France | ||
Ridderheim [15] | 0 | 3 | 15 | 0.023 | Adjuvant treatment breast cancer | ||||
Ron et al. [19] | 0 | 19 | 0 | 16 | 14 | 0.136 | 14 | 0.181 | Breast cancer patients treated with cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, and 5- fluorouracil [CMF]; unclear as to stage of breast cancer |
Rugo [17] | 0 | 101 | 29.5 | 1.521 | Early-stage breast cancer patients | ||||
Spaëth et al. [20] | 3 | 770 | 0 | 141 | 36 | 14.150 | 36 | 4.100 | 93% breast cancer patients. Treated with IV chemo mainly anthracyclines and/or taxotere. Unclear as to stage of breast cancer |
Tollenaar et al. [35] | 0 | 35 | 46 | 0.822 | Patients treated with cyclophosphamide + doxorubicin + 5-fluorouracil on first operative day (one course of treatment). Unclear as to stage of cancer | ||||
van de Sande [12] | 4 | 885 | 110 | 78.635 | Stage 4 + lymph nodes | ||||
van den Hurk et al. [13] | 3 | 395 | 26 | 5.242 | treated with CMF; unclear as to stage of breast cancer | ||||
Totals | 12 | 1959 | 5 | 1238 | |||||
Averages | 32.39 | 43.14 | 56 | 87.41 |
Excluded studies
Study | Reason for exclusion |
---|---|
Christodoulou [21] | Zero out of 30 breast cancer patients developed a scalp metastasis. However, there was no mention of the follow-up time in this patient cohort. Scalp cooling was employed |
Campos-Gomez [23] | Sixty-eight patients in scalp cooling were reported as followed up on, but it was unclear as to the timeframe of follow-up. No mention as well of scalp metastasis |
Christodoulou [22] | Two out of 227 breast cancer patients developed scalp metastasis. However, there was no mention of the follow-up time in this patient cohort. Scalp cooling was employed |
Dean [24] | Fifty-eight breast cancer patients treated with doxorubicin and with scalp cooling were reported on for scalp metastasis, but there was no mention of the follow-up time |
Johansen [31] | One patient in scalp cooling group who already had metastatic breast cancer (in the liver) experienced scalp metastasis (n = 61); all patients in group already had metastatic primary or recurrent cancer originating from the breast |
Kargar [34] | Unclear as to type of primary cancer patients had |
Lemenager [32] | Breast cancer patients treated with chemotherapy (n = 88); all had metastatic disease and were treated with scalp hypothermia. No mention of scalp metastasis |
Lookingbill [33] | No mention of how patients with breast cancer were treated; There were 18 patients with scalp metastases out of 707 primary breast cancer patients. (18/707 = 2.5%). There was also no mention of the follow-up time as to when scalp metastases occurred |
Massey [25] | Breast cancer patients treated with chemotherapy (n = 94) treated with Paxman cooling system. None of these patients developed scalp metastases during the study period. Unclear as to the length of follow-up on these patients |
Middleton et al. [26] | Twenty-four patients with breast cancer receiving adjuvant chemotherapy. No length of follow-up noted. No scalp metastases noted |
Nangia et al. [30] | No long-term follow-up on patients in randomized controlled trial |
Peck et al. [27] | One patient in scalp cooling group subsequently presented with scalp metastasis. However, patient already had widespread metastatic cancer (n = 10); unclear as to follow-up |
Satterwhite [28] | One patient in scalp cooling group already had scalp metastasis (n = 12); no follow-up |
van den Hurk [29] | Breast cancer patients treated with chemotherapy in the Dutch scalp cooling registry (n = 1216). No patients developed scalp metastasis during the study period of 2006–2009. However, unclear as to the length of follow-up on these patients |