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Cognitive Therapy and Research
Erschienen in: Cognitive Therapy and Research 3/2015

01.06.2015 | Original Article

Emotion Regulation Flexibility

verfasst von: Amelia Aldao, Gal Sheppes, James J. Gross

Erschienen in: Cognitive Therapy and Research | Ausgabe 3/2015

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Abstract

How do people flexibly regulate their emotions in order to manage the diverse demands of varying situations? This question assumes particular importance given the central role that emotion regulation (ER) deficits play in many forms of psychopathology. In this review, we propose a translational framework for the study of ER flexibility that is relevant to normative and clinical populations. We also offer a set of computational tools that are useful for work on ER flexibility. We specify how such tools can be used in a variety of settings, such as basic research, experimental psychopathology, and clinical practice. Our goal is to encourage the theoretical and methodological precision that is needed in order to facilitate progress in this important area.
Fußnoten
1
Intrinsic goals need not be always hedonic (i.e., reduce negative and/or increase positive affect). In fact, a growing literature suggests that in many instances people engage in counter-hedonic, or instrumental, emotion regulation (i.e., increase negative and/or reduce positive affect; see work by Tamir et al. 2008; Tamir et al. in press).
 
2
Our examples focus on the ER strategies of reappraisal and expressive suppression because there is a vast experimental literature documenting the mechanisms underlying their selection, implementation, and consequences (e.g. Gross 2013; Sheppes et al. 2014; Webb et al. 2012). However, our framework can be utilized with a wide range of strategies, such as acceptance (e.g., Hayes et al. 1999), rumination (e.g., Nolen-Hoeksema et al. 2008), worry (e.g., Borkovec et al. 2004), self-injury (e.g., Nock 2010), and emotional eating (e.g., Aldao and Dixon-Gordon 2014), among others.
 
3
This challenge, of course, it not specific to the study of ER flexibility, but rather it pertains to the broader field of affective science, since regardless of the methodological complexity of a given study, investigators still rely on participants’ verbal reports of their emotional experiences.
 
4
Although both types of variability are related (i.e., if one uses strategy A with great variability across situations, that means that within each one of those situations, there might be greater variability in the strategies that are used), it is also possible that there might be individual differences in the tendency to display one type of variability versus the other one. Within-strategy variability might reflect the ability to initiate and stop a given process (i.e., inhibition) whereas between-strategy variability might reflect the process of searching for the best possibility. Thus, it will be important for future work elucidate the extent to which each type of variability is susceptible to individual differences.
 
5
We could also compare the same strategy (or combination of strategies) to different goals (that we could experimentally manipulate). For example, this would allow us to answer whether a man’s suppression flexibility is more adaptive for hiding facial expressions than for remembering information. In this case, we would (1) assign a 0 to the second term in each parenthetical term, and (2) subtract one parenthetical term from the other one.
 
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Metadaten
Titel
Emotion Regulation Flexibility
verfasst von
Amelia Aldao
Gal Sheppes
James J. Gross
Publikationsdatum
01.06.2015
Verlag
Springer US
Erschienen in
Cognitive Therapy and Research / Ausgabe 3/2015
Print ISSN: 0147-5916
Elektronische ISSN: 1573-2819
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10608-014-9662-4

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