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Reviews in Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders

Erschienen in:

01.09.2011

Obesity-associated insulin resistance in skeletal muscle: Role of lipid accumulation and physical inactivity

verfasst von: Kristin Eckardt, Annika Taube, Juergen Eckel

Erschienen in: Reviews in Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders | Ausgabe 3/2011

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Abstract

An alarming increase in the prevalence of obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and associated diseases can be observed world-wide during the past 20 years. In obesity, profound alterations in the secretion profile of adipokines and inflammatory markers as well as increased lipolysis occur, leading besides other events to elevated levels of free fatty acids, which in turn are distributed to nonadipose tissue such as skeletal muscle. While the amount of intramyocellular lipids can be used as a marker of insulin resistance in physical inactive individuals, these neutral triglycerides themselves are not thought to be harmful. However, they provide a source for the generation of harmful lipid metabolites such as diacylglycerol and ceramide, which are implicated in insulin resistance by perturbing insulin signaling pathways. In this review, we will discuss the role of lipid metabolites in insulin resistance and potential mechanism involved in accumulation of intramyocellular lipids. Furthermore, we will highlight the key role of PGC-1α, which is a master regulator of mitochondrial biogenesis and coordinates the activation of genes involved in oxidative energy production as well as genes involved in fiber type transformation. Finally, the role of exercise in stimulating PGC-1α activity and expression as well as the release of contraction-induced myokines is discussed.

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Titel: Obesity-associated insulin resistance in skeletal muscle: Role of lipid accumulation and physical inactivity
verfasst von: Kristin Eckardt
Annika Taube
Juergen Eckel
Publikationsdatum: 01.09.2011
Verlag: Springer US
Erschienen in: Reviews in Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders / Ausgabe 3/2011
Print ISSN: 1389-9155
Elektronische ISSN: 1573-2606
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11154-011-9168-2

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