Skip to main content
Erschienen in: Current Treatment Options in Neurology 2/2015

01.02.2015 | Neurologic Ophthalmology and Otology (RK Shin and D Gold, Section Editors)

Vision Concerns After Mild Traumatic Brain Injury

verfasst von: Brad P. Barnett, MD, PhD, Eric L. Singman, MD, PhD

Erschienen in: Current Treatment Options in Neurology | Ausgabe 2/2015

Einloggen, um Zugang zu erhalten

Opinion statement

Mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) can manifest with visual dysfunction including deficits in accommodation, vergence movements, versions, and field of vision as well increased photosensitivity and a decline in ocular and overall health. Patients with incomitant strabismus should be referred to an ophthalmologist for intervention. Patients with mTBI who experience photosensitivity, or deficits in accommodation, versions, vergences, or field of vision may benefit from vision rehabilitation. These therapies may include spectacles with tinting and a variety of prism combinations. Patients with chronic visual dysfunction following mTBI may benefit from occupational, vestibular, cognitive, and other forms of physical therapy.
Literatur
2.
Zurück zum Zitat Pinto PS, Meoded A, Poretti A, Tekes A, Huisman TA. The unique features of traumatic brain injury in children. Review of the characteristics of the pediatric skull and brain, mechanisms of trauma, patterns of injury, complications and their imaging findings--part. J Neuroimaging. 2012;22(2):e1–e17. Pinto PS, Meoded A, Poretti A, Tekes A, Huisman TA. The unique features of traumatic brain injury in children. Review of the characteristics of the pediatric skull and brain, mechanisms of trauma, patterns of injury, complications and their imaging findings--part. J Neuroimaging. 2012;22(2):e1–e17.
3.
Zurück zum Zitat Hellerstein LF, Freed S, Maples WC. Vision profile of patients with mild brain injury. J Am Optom Assoc. 1995;66:634–9.PubMed Hellerstein LF, Freed S, Maples WC. Vision profile of patients with mild brain injury. J Am Optom Assoc. 1995;66:634–9.PubMed
4.
Zurück zum Zitat Halterman CI, Langan J, Drew A, Rodriguez E, Osternig LR, Chou LS, et al. Tracking the recovery of visuospatial attention deficits in mild traumatic brain injury. Brain. 2006;129(Pt 3):747–53. Halterman CI, Langan J, Drew A, Rodriguez E, Osternig LR, Chou LS, et al. Tracking the recovery of visuospatial attention deficits in mild traumatic brain injury. Brain. 2006;129(Pt 3):747–53.
5.••
Zurück zum Zitat Eierud C, Craddock RC, Fletcher S, Aulakh M, King-Casas B, Kuehl D, et al. Neuroimaging after mild traumatic brain injury: review and meta-analysis. Neuroimage Clin. 2014;4:283–94. Article reviews the various neuroimaging modalities relevant to diagnosing and monitoring mTBI. Special focus placed on advanced MRI techniques such as functional MRI and diffuse tensor imaging. Through meta-analyses the paper discusses the sensitivity of these advanced imaging techniques for monitoring functional and structural changes that occur over the time course of mTBI recovery. Eierud C, Craddock RC, Fletcher S, Aulakh M, King-Casas B, Kuehl D, et al. Neuroimaging after mild traumatic brain injury: review and meta-analysis. Neuroimage Clin. 2014;4:283–94. Article reviews the various neuroimaging modalities relevant to diagnosing and monitoring mTBI. Special focus placed on advanced MRI techniques such as functional MRI and diffuse tensor imaging. Through meta-analyses the paper discusses the sensitivity of these advanced imaging techniques for monitoring functional and structural changes that occur over the time course of mTBI recovery.
6.
Zurück zum Zitat Roozenbeek B, Maas AI, Menon DK. Changing patterns in the epidemiology of traumatic brain injury. Nat Rev Neurol. 2013;9(4):231–6.CrossRefPubMed Roozenbeek B, Maas AI, Menon DK. Changing patterns in the epidemiology of traumatic brain injury. Nat Rev Neurol. 2013;9(4):231–6.CrossRefPubMed
7.•
Zurück zum Zitat Magone MT, Kwon E, Shin SY. Chronic visual dysfunction after blast-induced mild traumatic brain injury. J Rehabil Res Dev. 2014;51(1):71–80. A retrospective case series that examines the visual dysfunction following blast-induced mTBI. The paper demonstrates the acute and chronic visual sequelae of mTBI. The paper further discusses patients with long-term visual dysfunction after mTBI in the setting of excellent distance visual acuity and highlights how repeated mTBI can lead to worsened outcomes as compared with a single incidence of mTBI.CrossRefPubMed Magone MT, Kwon E, Shin SY. Chronic visual dysfunction after blast-induced mild traumatic brain injury. J Rehabil Res Dev. 2014;51(1):71–80. A retrospective case series that examines the visual dysfunction following blast-induced mTBI. The paper demonstrates the acute and chronic visual sequelae of mTBI. The paper further discusses patients with long-term visual dysfunction after mTBI in the setting of excellent distance visual acuity and highlights how repeated mTBI can lead to worsened outcomes as compared with a single incidence of mTBI.CrossRefPubMed
8.
Zurück zum Zitat Wolf JA, Stys PK, Lusardi T, Meaney D, SMith DH. Traumatic axonal injury induces calcium influx modulated by tetrodotoxin-sensitive sodium channels. J Neurosci. 2001;21(6):1923–30. Wolf JA, Stys PK, Lusardi T, Meaney D, SMith DH. Traumatic axonal injury induces calcium influx modulated by tetrodotoxin-sensitive sodium channels. J Neurosci. 2001;21(6):1923–30.
10.
Zurück zum Zitat Barkhoudarian G, Hovda DA, Giza CC. The molecular pathophysiology of concussive brain injury. Clin Sports Med. 2011;30(1):33–48. vii–iii. Barkhoudarian G, Hovda DA, Giza CC. The molecular pathophysiology of concussive brain injury. Clin Sports Med. 2011;30(1):33–48. vii–iii.
11.
Zurück zum Zitat Povlishock JT, Becker DP, Cheng CL, Vaughan GW. Axonal change in minor head injury. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol. 1983;42(3):225–42. Povlishock JT, Becker DP, Cheng CL, Vaughan GW. Axonal change in minor head injury. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol. 1983;42(3):225–42.
12.
Zurück zum Zitat Iverson GL, Brooks BL, Lovell MR, COllings MW. Cumulative effects of concussion in amateur athletes. Brain Inj. 2004;18(5):433–43. Iverson GL, Brooks BL, Lovell MR, COllings MW. Cumulative effects of concussion in amateur athletes. Brain Inj. 2004;18(5):433–43.
13.•
Zurück zum Zitat Johnson VE, Stewart W, Smith DH. Axonal pathology in traumatic brain injury. Exp Neurol. 2013;246:35–43. A review of diffuse axonal injury in the setting of traumatic brain injury including underlying, molecular, cellular and secondary physiological changes.CrossRefPubMedCentralPubMed Johnson VE, Stewart W, Smith DH. Axonal pathology in traumatic brain injury. Exp Neurol. 2013;246:35–43. A review of diffuse axonal injury in the setting of traumatic brain injury including underlying, molecular, cellular and secondary physiological changes.CrossRefPubMedCentralPubMed
14.
Zurück zum Zitat Prins ML, Hovda DA. Developing experimental models to address traumatic brain injury in children. J Neurotrauma. 2003;20(2):123–37.CrossRefPubMed Prins ML, Hovda DA. Developing experimental models to address traumatic brain injury in children. J Neurotrauma. 2003;20(2):123–37.CrossRefPubMed
15.
Zurück zum Zitat Gardner RC, Burke JF, Nettiksimmons J, Kaup A, Barnes DE, Yaffe K. Dementia risk after traumatic brain injury vs nonbrain trauma: the role of age and severity. JAMA Neurol. 2014. doi:10.1001/jamaneurol.2014.2668. Gardner RC, Burke JF, Nettiksimmons J, Kaup A, Barnes DE, Yaffe K. Dementia risk after traumatic brain injury vs nonbrain trauma: the role of age and severity. JAMA Neurol. 2014. doi:10.​1001/​jamaneurol.​2014.​2668.
16.
Zurück zum Zitat Fan J, McCandliss BD, Sommer T, Raz A, Posner MI. Testing the efficiency and independence of attentional networks. J Cogn Neurosci. 2002;14(3):340–7. Fan J, McCandliss BD, Sommer T, Raz A, Posner MI. Testing the efficiency and independence of attentional networks. J Cogn Neurosci. 2002;14(3):340–7.
17.
Zurück zum Zitat Xu GQ, Lan Y, Huang DF, Rao DZ, Pei Z, Chen L, et al. Visuospatial attention deficit in patients with local brain lesions. Brain Res. 2010;1322:153–9. Xu GQ, Lan Y, Huang DF, Rao DZ, Pei Z, Chen L, et al. Visuospatial attention deficit in patients with local brain lesions. Brain Res. 2010;1322:153–9.
18.
Zurück zum Zitat Padula WV, Nelson CA, Padula WV, Benabib R, Yilmaz T, Krevisky S. Modifying postural adaptation following a CVA through prismatic shift of visuo-spatial egocenter. Brain Inj. 2009;23(6):566–76. Padula WV, Nelson CA, Padula WV, Benabib R, Yilmaz T, Krevisky S. Modifying postural adaptation following a CVA through prismatic shift of visuo-spatial egocenter. Brain Inj. 2009;23(6):566–76.
19.
Zurück zum Zitat Szturm T, Maharjan P, Marotta JJ, Shay B, Shrestha S, Sakhalkar V. The interacting effect of cognitive and motor task demands on performance of gait, balance and cognition in young adults. Gait Posture. 2013;38(4):596–602. Szturm T, Maharjan P, Marotta JJ, Shay B, Shrestha S, Sakhalkar V. The interacting effect of cognitive and motor task demands on performance of gait, balance and cognition in young adults. Gait Posture. 2013;38(4):596–602.
20.
Zurück zum Zitat Sarno S, Erasmus LP, Lippert G, Frey M, Lipp B, Schlaegel W. Electrophysiological correlates of visual impairments after traumatic brain injury. Vis Res. 2000;40(21):3029–38. Sarno S, Erasmus LP, Lippert G, Frey M, Lipp B, Schlaegel W. Electrophysiological correlates of visual impairments after traumatic brain injury. Vis Res. 2000;40(21):3029–38.
21.
Zurück zum Zitat London R, Wick B, Kirschen D. Post-traumatic pseudomyopia. Optometry. 2003;74(2):111–20.PubMed London R, Wick B, Kirschen D. Post-traumatic pseudomyopia. Optometry. 2003;74(2):111–20.PubMed
22.
Zurück zum Zitat Armato E, Ferri E, Garcia Purrinos F. Results of videonystagmographic (VNG) analysis in vestibular post-traumatic pathology. Acta Otorrinolaringol Esp. 2001;52(7):567–74.CrossRefPubMed Armato E, Ferri E, Garcia Purrinos F. Results of videonystagmographic (VNG) analysis in vestibular post-traumatic pathology. Acta Otorrinolaringol Esp. 2001;52(7):567–74.CrossRefPubMed
23.
Zurück zum Zitat Suh M, Kolster R, Sarkar R, McCandliss B, Ghajar J. Deficits in predictive smooth pursuit after mild traumatic brain injury. Neurosci Lett. 2006;401(1‒2):108–13. Suh M, Kolster R, Sarkar R, McCandliss B, Ghajar J. Deficits in predictive smooth pursuit after mild traumatic brain injury. Neurosci Lett. 2006;401(1‒2):108–13.
24.
Zurück zum Zitat Suh M, Basu S, Kolster R, Sarkar R, McCandliss B, Ghajar J. Increased oculomotor deficits during target blanking as an indicator of mild traumatic brain injury. Neurosci Lett. 2006;410(3):203–7. Suh M, Basu S, Kolster R, Sarkar R, McCandliss B, Ghajar J. Increased oculomotor deficits during target blanking as an indicator of mild traumatic brain injury. Neurosci Lett. 2006;410(3):203–7.
25.••
Zurück zum Zitat Singman EL. Automating the assessment of visual dysfunction after traumatic brain injury. Medical Instrumentation 2013;1(1). Available at http://www.hoajonline.com/journals/pdf/2052-6962-1-3.pdf. A review of current modalities, both manual and automated, which enable diagnosis and monitoring of visual dysfunction after mTBI. The review places special emphasis on automated equipment that could be used in remote settings such as in the battlefield to treat soldiers experiencing mTBI. The review further generalizes the use of these techniques in the clinical setting to adequately monitor patients with mTBI after sports injury or trauma. Accessed 23 Nov 2014. Singman EL. Automating the assessment of visual dysfunction after traumatic brain injury. Medical Instrumentation 2013;1(1). Available at http://​www.​hoajonline.​com/​journals/​pdf/​2052-6962-1-3.​pdf. A review of current modalities, both manual and automated, which enable diagnosis and monitoring of visual dysfunction after mTBI. The review places special emphasis on automated equipment that could be used in remote settings such as in the battlefield to treat soldiers experiencing mTBI. The review further generalizes the use of these techniques in the clinical setting to adequately monitor patients with mTBI after sports injury or trauma. Accessed 23 Nov 2014.
26.
Zurück zum Zitat Maruta J, Suh M, Niogi SN, Mukherjee P, Ghajar J. Visual tracking synchronization as a metric for concussion screening. J Head Trauma Rehabil. 2010;25:293–305. Maruta J, Suh M, Niogi SN, Mukherjee P, Ghajar J. Visual tracking synchronization as a metric for concussion screening. J Head Trauma Rehabil. 2010;25:293–305.
27.
Zurück zum Zitat Williams IM, Ponsford JL, Gibson KL, Mulhall LE, Curran CA, Abel LA. Cerebral control of saccades and neuropsychological test results after head injury. J Clin Neurosci. 1997;4:186–96. Williams IM, Ponsford JL, Gibson KL, Mulhall LE, Curran CA, Abel LA. Cerebral control of saccades and neuropsychological test results after head injury. J Clin Neurosci. 1997;4:186–96.
28.
Zurück zum Zitat Doble JE, Feinberg DL, Rosner MS, Rosner AJ. Identification of binocular vision dysfunction (vertical heterophoria) in traumatic brain injury patients and effects of individualized prismatic spectacle lenses in the treatment of postconcussive symptoms: a retrospective analysis. PM R. 2010;2(4):244–53. Doble JE, Feinberg DL, Rosner MS, Rosner AJ. Identification of binocular vision dysfunction (vertical heterophoria) in traumatic brain injury patients and effects of individualized prismatic spectacle lenses in the treatment of postconcussive symptoms: a retrospective analysis. PM R. 2010;2(4):244–53.
29.
Zurück zum Zitat Ciuffreda KJ, Kapoor N, Rutner D, Suchoff IB, Han ME, Craig S. Occurrence of oculomotor dysfunctions in acquired brain injury: a retrospective analysis. Optometry. 2007;78(4):155–61. Ciuffreda KJ, Kapoor N, Rutner D, Suchoff IB, Han ME, Craig S. Occurrence of oculomotor dysfunctions in acquired brain injury: a retrospective analysis. Optometry. 2007;78(4):155–61.
30.
Zurück zum Zitat Han SJ, Guo Y, Granger-Donetti B, Vicci VR, Alvarez TL. Quantification of heterophoria and phoria adaptation using an automated objective system compared to clinical methods. Ophthalmic Physiol Opt. 2010;30(1):95–107. Han SJ, Guo Y, Granger-Donetti B, Vicci VR, Alvarez TL. Quantification of heterophoria and phoria adaptation using an automated objective system compared to clinical methods. Ophthalmic Physiol Opt. 2010;30(1):95–107.
31.
Zurück zum Zitat Miller LJ, Mittenberg W, Carey VM, McMorrow MA, Kushner TE, Weinstein JM. Astereopsis caused by traumatic brain injury. Arch Clin Neuropsychol. 1999;14:537–43. Miller LJ, Mittenberg W, Carey VM, McMorrow MA, Kushner TE, Weinstein JM. Astereopsis caused by traumatic brain injury. Arch Clin Neuropsychol. 1999;14:537–43.
32.•
Zurück zum Zitat Chen JW, Vakil-Gilani K, Williamson KL, Cecil S. Infrared pupillometry, the Neurological Pupil index and unilateral pupillary dilation after traumatic brain injury: implications for treatment paradigms. Springerplus. 2014;3:548. A discussion of the use of infrared pupillometry for monitoring dysfunction after TBI that demonstrates the noninvasive technique to be both sensitive and quantitative for measuring pupillary dysfunction. Chen JW, Vakil-Gilani K, Williamson KL, Cecil S. Infrared pupillometry, the Neurological Pupil index and unilateral pupillary dilation after traumatic brain injury: implications for treatment paradigms. Springerplus. 2014;3:548. A discussion of the use of infrared pupillometry for monitoring dysfunction after TBI that demonstrates the noninvasive technique to be both sensitive and quantitative for measuring pupillary dysfunction.
33.
Zurück zum Zitat Taylor WR, Chen JW, Meltzer H, Gennarelli TA, Kelbch C, Knowlton S, et al. Quantitative pupillometry, a new technology: normative data and preliminary observations in patients with acute head injury. Technical note. J Neurosurg. 2003;98(1):205–13. Taylor WR, Chen JW, Meltzer H, Gennarelli TA, Kelbch C, Knowlton S, et al. Quantitative pupillometry, a new technology: normative data and preliminary observations in patients with acute head injury. Technical note. J Neurosurg. 2003;98(1):205–13.
35.
Zurück zum Zitat Du T, Ciuffreda KJ, Kapoor N. Elevated dark adaptation thresholds in traumatic brain injury. Brain Inj. 2005;19(13):1125–38.CrossRefPubMed Du T, Ciuffreda KJ, Kapoor N. Elevated dark adaptation thresholds in traumatic brain injury. Brain Inj. 2005;19(13):1125–38.CrossRefPubMed
36.
Zurück zum Zitat Han Y, Ciuffreda KJ, Kapoor N. Reading-related oculomotor testing and training protocols for acquired brain injury in humans. Brain Res Brain Res Protoc. 2004;14(1):1–12.CrossRefPubMed Han Y, Ciuffreda KJ, Kapoor N. Reading-related oculomotor testing and training protocols for acquired brain injury in humans. Brain Res Brain Res Protoc. 2004;14(1):1–12.CrossRefPubMed
37.
Zurück zum Zitat Ciuffreda KJ, Rutner D, Kapoor N, Suchoff IB, Craig S, Han ME. Vision therapy for oculomotor dysfunctions in acquired brain injury: a retrospective analysis. Optometry. 2008;79(1):18–22. Ciuffreda KJ, Rutner D, Kapoor N, Suchoff IB, Craig S, Han ME. Vision therapy for oculomotor dysfunctions in acquired brain injury: a retrospective analysis. Optometry. 2008;79(1):18–22.
38.
Zurück zum Zitat Johansson IB, Starmark A, Berglund P, Rodholm M, Ronnback L. Mental fatigue—subjective problem possible to assess. New Swedish self-assessment scale tested in different patient groups. Lakartidningen. 2010;107(47):2964–7. Johansson IB, Starmark A, Berglund P, Rodholm M, Ronnback L. Mental fatigue—subjective problem possible to assess. New Swedish self-assessment scale tested in different patient groups. Lakartidningen. 2010;107(47):2964–7.
39.
Zurück zum Zitat Sohlberg MM, Griffiths GG, Fickas S. An evaluation of reading comprehension of expository text in adults with traumatic brain injury. Am J Speech Lang Pathol. 2014;23(2):160–75.CrossRefPubMed Sohlberg MM, Griffiths GG, Fickas S. An evaluation of reading comprehension of expository text in adults with traumatic brain injury. Am J Speech Lang Pathol. 2014;23(2):160–75.CrossRefPubMed
40.
Zurück zum Zitat Galetta KM, Barrett J, Allen M, Madda F, Delicata D, Tennant AT, et al. The King-Devick test as a determinant of head trauma and concussion in boxers and MMA fighters. Neurology. 2011;76(17):1456–62. Galetta KM, Barrett J, Allen M, Madda F, Delicata D, Tennant AT, et al. The King-Devick test as a determinant of head trauma and concussion in boxers and MMA fighters. Neurology. 2011;76(17):1456–62.
41.
Zurück zum Zitat Sarno S, Erasmus LP, Lipp B, Schlaegel W. Multisensory integration after traumatic brain injury: a reaction time study between pairings of vision, touch and audition. Brain Inj. 2003;17(5):413–26. Sarno S, Erasmus LP, Lipp B, Schlaegel W. Multisensory integration after traumatic brain injury: a reaction time study between pairings of vision, touch and audition. Brain Inj. 2003;17(5):413–26.
42.
Zurück zum Zitat Hunter J, Urbanowicz MA, Yule W, Lansdown R. Automated testing of reaction time and its association with lead in children. Int Arch Occup Environ Health. 1985;57(1):27–34. Hunter J, Urbanowicz MA, Yule W, Lansdown R. Automated testing of reaction time and its association with lead in children. Int Arch Occup Environ Health. 1985;57(1):27–34.
43.
Zurück zum Zitat Tsirka V, Simos P, Vakis A, Vourkas M, Arzoglou V, Syrmos N, et al. Material-specific difficulties in episodic memory tasks in mild traumatic brain injury. Int J Neurosci. 2010;120(3):184–91. Tsirka V, Simos P, Vakis A, Vourkas M, Arzoglou V, Syrmos N, et al. Material-specific difficulties in episodic memory tasks in mild traumatic brain injury. Int J Neurosci. 2010;120(3):184–91.
44.
Zurück zum Zitat De Monte VE, Geffen GM, Massavelli BM. The effects of post-traumatic amnesia on information processing following mild traumatic brain injury. Brain Inj. 2006;20(13‒14):1345–54.CrossRefPubMed De Monte VE, Geffen GM, Massavelli BM. The effects of post-traumatic amnesia on information processing following mild traumatic brain injury. Brain Inj. 2006;20(13‒14):1345–54.CrossRefPubMed
45.
Zurück zum Zitat Mayers LB, Redick TS, Chiffriller SH, Simone AN, Terraforte KR. Working memory capacity among collegiate student athletes: effects of sport-related head contacts, concussions, and working memory demands. J Clin Exp Neuropsychol. 2011;33(5):532–7. Mayers LB, Redick TS, Chiffriller SH, Simone AN, Terraforte KR. Working memory capacity among collegiate student athletes: effects of sport-related head contacts, concussions, and working memory demands. J Clin Exp Neuropsychol. 2011;33(5):532–7.
46.
Zurück zum Zitat Cooper J, Selenow A, Ciuffreda KJ, Feldman J, Faverty J, Hokoda SC, et al. Reduction of asthenopia in patients with convergence insufficiency after fusional vergence training. Am J Optom Physiol Optic. 1983;60(12):982–9. Cooper J, Selenow A, Ciuffreda KJ, Feldman J, Faverty J, Hokoda SC, et al. Reduction of asthenopia in patients with convergence insufficiency after fusional vergence training. Am J Optom Physiol Optic. 1983;60(12):982–9.
47.
Zurück zum Zitat Ciuffreda KJ. The scientific basis for and efficacy of optometric vision therapy in nonstrabismic accommodative and vergence disorders. Optometry. 2002;73(12):735–62.PubMed Ciuffreda KJ. The scientific basis for and efficacy of optometric vision therapy in nonstrabismic accommodative and vergence disorders. Optometry. 2002;73(12):735–62.PubMed
48.
Zurück zum Zitat Thiagarajan P, Ciuffreda KJ. Effect of oculomotor rehabilitation on vergence responsivity in mild traumatic brain injury. J Rehabil Res Dev. 2013;50(9):1223–40.CrossRefPubMed Thiagarajan P, Ciuffreda KJ. Effect of oculomotor rehabilitation on vergence responsivity in mild traumatic brain injury. J Rehabil Res Dev. 2013;50(9):1223–40.CrossRefPubMed
49.
Zurück zum Zitat Kapoor N, Ciuffreda KJ. Vision disturbances following traumatic brain injury. Curr Treat Options Neurol. 2002;4(4):271–80.CrossRefPubMed Kapoor N, Ciuffreda KJ. Vision disturbances following traumatic brain injury. Curr Treat Options Neurol. 2002;4(4):271–80.CrossRefPubMed
50.
Zurück zum Zitat Guo Y, Kim EH, Alvarez TL. VisualEyes: a modular software system for oculomotor experimentation. J Vis Exp 2011;49:2530. Guo Y, Kim EH, Alvarez TL. VisualEyes: a modular software system for oculomotor experimentation. J Vis Exp 2011;49:2530.
51.
Zurück zum Zitat Serna A, Rogers DL, McGregor ML, Golden RP, Bremer DL, Rogers GL. Treatment of symptomatic convergence insufficiency with a home-based computer orthoptic exercise program. J AAPOS. 2011;15(2):140–3.CrossRefPubMed Serna A, Rogers DL, McGregor ML, Golden RP, Bremer DL, Rogers GL. Treatment of symptomatic convergence insufficiency with a home-based computer orthoptic exercise program. J AAPOS. 2011;15(2):140–3.CrossRefPubMed
52.
Zurück zum Zitat Scheiman M, Gwiazda J, Li T. Nonsurgical interventions for convergence insufficiency. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2011;3, CD006768.PubMed Scheiman M, Gwiazda J, Li T. Nonsurgical interventions for convergence insufficiency. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2011;3, CD006768.PubMed
53.
Zurück zum Zitat Nihalani BR, Hunter DG. Adjustable suture strabismus surgery. Eye (Lond). 2011;25(10):1262–76.CrossRef Nihalani BR, Hunter DG. Adjustable suture strabismus surgery. Eye (Lond). 2011;25(10):1262–76.CrossRef
54.••
Zurück zum Zitat Singman EL, Matta NS, Silbert DI. Nonsurgical treatment of neurologic diplopia. Am Orthopt J. 2013;63:63–8. A review of nonsurgical treatment options for neurologic diplopia including the use of eye exercises, prisms, optical manipulation, occlusion, and lifestyle modification. Singman EL, Matta NS, Silbert DI. Nonsurgical treatment of neurologic diplopia. Am Orthopt J. 2013;63:63–8. A review of nonsurgical treatment options for neurologic diplopia including the use of eye exercises, prisms, optical manipulation, occlusion, and lifestyle modification.
55.
Zurück zum Zitat Kushner BJ. The benefits, risks, and efficacy of strabismus surgery in adults. Optom Vis Sci. 2014;91(5):e102–9.CrossRefPubMed Kushner BJ. The benefits, risks, and efficacy of strabismus surgery in adults. Optom Vis Sci. 2014;91(5):e102–9.CrossRefPubMed
56.
57.
Zurück zum Zitat Plow EB, Obretenova SN, Fregni F, Pascual-Leone, Merabet LB. Comparison of visual field training for hemianopia with active versus sham transcranial direct cortical stimulation. Neurorehabil Neural Repair. 2012;26(6):616–26. Plow EB, Obretenova SN, Fregni F, Pascual-Leone, Merabet LB. Comparison of visual field training for hemianopia with active versus sham transcranial direct cortical stimulation. Neurorehabil Neural Repair. 2012;26(6):616–26.
58.
Zurück zum Zitat Jackowski MM, Sturr JF, Taub HA, Turk MA. Photophobia in patients with traumatic brain injury: uses of light-filtering lenses to enhance contrast sensitivity and reading rate. Neurorehabilitation. 1996;6(3):193–201. Jackowski MM, Sturr JF, Taub HA, Turk MA. Photophobia in patients with traumatic brain injury: uses of light-filtering lenses to enhance contrast sensitivity and reading rate. Neurorehabilitation. 1996;6(3):193–201.
Metadaten
Titel
Vision Concerns After Mild Traumatic Brain Injury
verfasst von
Brad P. Barnett, MD, PhD
Eric L. Singman, MD, PhD
Publikationsdatum
01.02.2015
Verlag
Springer US
Erschienen in
Current Treatment Options in Neurology / Ausgabe 2/2015
Print ISSN: 1092-8480
Elektronische ISSN: 1534-3138
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11940-014-0329-y

Weitere Artikel der Ausgabe 2/2015

Current Treatment Options in Neurology 2/2015 Zur Ausgabe

Pediatric Neurology (R Boustany, Section Editor)

Current Treatment and Management of Pyridoxine-Dependent Epilepsy

Cerebrovascular Disorders (H Adams, Section Editor)

Imaging Selection for Reperfusion Therapy in Acute Ischemic Stroke

Neurologic Ophthalmology and Otology (RK Shin and D Gold, Section Editors)

Treatment Options for Optic Pathway Gliomas

Critical Care Neurology (K Sheth, Section Editor)

Management of Acute Traumatic Spinal Cord Injury

Critical Care Neurology (K Sheth, Section Editor)

Decompressive Craniectomy in Neurocritical Care

Leitlinien kompakt für die Neurologie

Mit medbee Pocketcards sicher entscheiden.

Seit 2022 gehört die medbee GmbH zum Springer Medizin Verlag

Hirnblutung unter DOAK und VKA ähnlich bedrohlich

17.05.2024 Direkte orale Antikoagulanzien Nachrichten

Kommt es zu einer nichttraumatischen Hirnblutung, spielt es keine große Rolle, ob die Betroffenen zuvor direkt wirksame orale Antikoagulanzien oder Marcumar bekommen haben: Die Prognose ist ähnlich schlecht.

Thrombektomie auch bei großen Infarkten von Vorteil

16.05.2024 Ischämischer Schlaganfall Nachrichten

Auch ein sehr ausgedehnter ischämischer Schlaganfall scheint an sich kein Grund zu sein, von einer mechanischen Thrombektomie abzusehen. Dafür spricht die LASTE-Studie, an der Patienten und Patientinnen mit einem ASPECTS von maximal 5 beteiligt waren.

Schwindelursache: Massagepistole lässt Otholiten tanzen

14.05.2024 Benigner Lagerungsschwindel Nachrichten

Wenn jüngere Menschen über ständig rezidivierenden Lagerungsschwindel klagen, könnte eine Massagepistole der Auslöser sein. In JAMA Otolaryngology warnt ein Team vor der Anwendung hochpotenter Geräte im Bereich des Nackens.

Schützt Olivenöl vor dem Tod durch Demenz?

10.05.2024 Morbus Alzheimer Nachrichten

Konsumieren Menschen täglich 7 Gramm Olivenöl, ist ihr Risiko, an einer Demenz zu sterben, um mehr als ein Viertel reduziert – und dies weitgehend unabhängig von ihrer sonstigen Ernährung. Dafür sprechen Auswertungen zweier großer US-Studien.

Update Neurologie

Bestellen Sie unseren Fach-Newsletter und bleiben Sie gut informiert.