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NeuroMolecular Medicine

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08.07.2016 | Review Paper

Biological Effects of Naturally Occurring Sphingolipids, Uncommon Variants, and Their Analogs

verfasst von: Mitchell K. P. Lai, Wee Siong Chew, Federico Torta, Angad Rao, Greg L. Harris, Jerold Chun, Deron R. Herr

Erschienen in: NeuroMolecular Medicine | Ausgabe 3/2016

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Abstract

Sphingolipids (SPs) comprise a highly diverse class of lipids that serve biological roles both as structural components of cell membranes and as mediators of cell signaling. Pharmacologic and genetic manipulation of SPs and their signaling systems have underscored their importance in most biological processes, including central nervous system development and function. Likewise, perturbations of SP accumulation or signaling have been associated with a number of disease states, such as neural tube defects, neuroinflammation, stroke, and dementia. SPs can be endogenously synthesized de novo, and their metabolism is a well-regulated process, so their value as nutraceuticals has not been scrutinized. However, there is evidence that sphingolipid-rich diets can affect lipid homeostasis, and several mycotoxins are SP analogs that are known to cause profound derangement of SP metabolism or signaling. Furthermore, plants and invertebrates have SP species that are not present in mammals. Several of these have been shown to induce biological responses in mammalian cells. These findings suggest that dietary intake of SPs or SP analogs may have significant effects on human health or disease outcome. This manuscript provides an overview of SP metabolism and signaling, their perturbations in neurological diseases, as well as potential impacts of modulating this system in the brain.

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Titel: Biological Effects of Naturally Occurring Sphingolipids, Uncommon Variants, and Their Analogs
verfasst von: Mitchell K. P. Lai
Wee Siong Chew
Federico Torta
Angad Rao
Greg L. Harris
Jerold Chun
Deron R. Herr
Publikationsdatum: 08.07.2016
Verlag: Springer US
Erschienen in: NeuroMolecular Medicine / Ausgabe 3/2016
Print ISSN: 1535-1084
Elektronische ISSN: 1559-1174
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12017-016-8424-8

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Biological Effects of Naturally Occurring Sphingolipids, Uncommon Variants, and Their Analogs

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