Introduction
Materials and methods
Adipose tissue donors
Cohort 1
Cohort 1 | Cohort 2 | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
ND | T2D | |||||
Average | Range | Average | Range | Average | Range | |
N
| 20 (10M, 10F) | 20 (10M, 10F) | 29 (20F, 9M) | |||
Age, years | 58 | 34–72 | 58 | 41–71 | 46 | 18–72 |
BMI (kg/m2) | 30.8 | 22.7–38.4 | 30.7 | 22.5–39.9 | 27.4 | 22.7–47.2 |
WHR | 0.96 | 0.84–1.09 | 0.99 | 0.90–1.08 | 0.87 | 0.74–1.00 |
Sc adipocyte diameter (µm) | 109.6 | 91.4–124.7 | 106.4 | 82.6–124.6 | 102.1 | 73.2–126.7 |
P-glucose (mmol/L) | 6.0 | 4.9–7.3 | 8.2 | 6.1–11.5 | 5.7 | 4.6–6.7 |
Serum insulin (mU/L) | 11.5 | 4.1–26.0 | 15.5 | 4.1–31.0 | 8.3 | 2.4–26.0 |
HOMA-IR | 3.08 | 1.17–7.33 | 5.27 | 1.25–10.83 | 2.15 | 0.57–7.40 |
HbA1c, IFCC (mmol/mol) | 37.3 | 31.0–46.0 | 48.8 | 37.0–73.0 | 32.8 | 22.0–40.0 |
HbA1c (%) | 5.6 | 5.0–6.4 | 6.6 | 5.5–8.8 | 5.2 | 4.2–6.6 |
P-total cholesterol (mmol/L) | 5.7 | 4.4–8.4 | 4.9 | 3.1–6.8 | 5.0 | 3.0–7.2 |
P-HDL-cholesterol (mmol/L) | 1.3 | 0.9–1.9 | 1.2 | 0.8–1.8 | 1.5 | 0.8–2.3 |
P-LDL-cholesterol (mmol/L) | 3.6 | 1.9–6.0 | 3.1 | 1.8–4.9 | 3.0 | 1.0–5.2 |
P-triglycerides (mmol/L) | 1.6 | 0.7–3.5 | 1.6 | 0.6–2.6 | 1.0 | 0.6–2.2 |
Cohort 2
mRNA levels assessment
Adipose tissue incubation and assessments
Stromal vascular fraction assessment
Imaging and quantification of adipocyte differentiation
Glucose uptake in adipocytes differentiated ex-vivo
Western blot
Statistical analysis
Results
FKBP5 expression levels in SAT
Association between FKBP5 gene expression levels in SAT and metabolic parameters
Metabolic parameters (Cohort 1) | FKBP5 gene expression | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
Bivariate correlationa | Multivariate stepwise regressionb | |||
r
|
p
| Std β |
p
| |
AUC glucose
| 0.33 | 0.039 |
0.32
|
0.043
|
HOMA-IR
| 0.34 | 0.033 | – | NS |
Matsuda
| -0.34 | 0.034 | – | NS |
SBP
| 0.32 | 0.044 | – | NS |
Expression of the FKBP5 gene is associated with genes regulating lipolysis, glucose uptake and adipogenesis in SAT
All subjects (n = 40) | ND (n = 20) | T2D (n = 20) | Male (n = 20) | Female (n = 20) | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
r
|
p
|
r
|
p
|
r
|
p
|
r
|
p
|
r
|
p
| ||
GR-regulated genes
| |||||||||||
HSD11B1
| 0.07 | 0.686 | 0.19 | 0.420 | 0.06 | 0.803 | −0.11 | 0.642 | 0.27 | 0.247 | |
GR
|
0.45
|
0.004
|
0.66
|
0.002
| 0.12 | 0.620 |
0.62
|
0.003
| 0.25 | 0.290 | |
HSP90AA1
| 0.20 | 0.206 | 0.34 | 0.144 | 0.15 | 0.537 | 0.18 | 0.452 | 0.31 | 0.177 | |
HSP90AB1
| 0.12 | 0.481 | 0.19 | 0.431 | 0.06 | 0.818 | 0.08 | 0.726 | 0.12 | 0.617 | |
HSP90B1
|
−0.39
|
0.013
| −0.41 | 0.076 | −0.21 | 0.368 | −0.36 | 0.118 | −0.44 | 0.053 | |
CNR1
|
0.50
|
0.001
|
0.54
|
0.015
| 0.43 | 0.059 | 0.40 | 0.078 |
0.64
|
0.002
| |
GILZ
| 0.27 | 0.089 | 0.26 | 0.268 | 0.35 | 0.129 | 0.03 | 0.892 | 0.16 | 0.515 | |
TIMP4
|
−0.43
|
0.006
|
−0.60
|
0.005
| −0.35 | 0.126 | −0.32 | 0.165 | −0.56 | 0.010 | |
Genes of inflammatory cytokines
| |||||||||||
TNF
| −0.02 | 0.895 | 0.01 | 0.964 | −0.15 | 0.526 | −0.07 | 0.781 | 0.11 | 0.636 | |
IFNG
| 0.05 | 0.758 | −0.08 | 0.746 | 0.29 | 0.231 | 0.31 | 0.198 | −0.33 | 0.161 | |
Genes of adipokines
| |||||||||||
ADIPOQ
| 0.06 | 0.730 | 0.36 | 0.117 | −0.12 | 0.602 | 0.15 | 0.525 | 0.39 | 0.091 | |
LEP
| −0.28 | 0.084 | −0.25 | 0.286 | −0.30 | 0.206 | −0.20 | 0.399 | 0.01 | 0.983 | |
Lipid metabolism genes
| |||||||||||
PDE3B
|
0.60
|
0.000
|
0.62
|
0.004
|
0.49
|
0.030
|
0.64
|
0.002
|
0.65
|
0.002
| |
ATGL
|
−0.50
|
0.001
|
−0.53
|
0.016
|
−0.47
|
0.035
| −0.40 | 0.083 |
−0.56
|
0.011
| |
MGLL
|
−0.51
|
0.001
|
−0.56
|
0.011
|
−0.50
|
0.025
| −0.31 | 0.177 | −0.40 | 0.077 | |
LIPE
| −0.28 | 0.082 | −0.09 | 0.696 | −0.42 | 0.064 | −0.23 | 0.321 | −0.22 | 0.351 | |
PLIN1
| −0.26 | 0.107 | −0.41 | 0.072 | −0.27 | 0.338 | −0.13 | 0.586 | −0.48 | 0.031 | |
PLIN2
| 0.05 | 0.772 | 0.23 | 0.325 | 0.33 | 0.154 | −0.28 | 0.240 | 0.37 | 0.108 | |
PLIN3
|
−0.47
|
0.002
| 0.39 | 0.087 |
−0.49
|
0.029
|
−0.58
|
0.008
| −0.32 | 0.175 | |
PLIN4
|
−0.43
|
0.006
|
−0.50
|
0.026
|
−0.45
|
0.046
| −0.35 | 0.136 |
−0.49
|
0.028
| |
LPL
| −0.05 | 0.746 | 0.16 | 0.506 | −0.15 | 0.543 | 0.10 | 0.674 | 0.18 | 0.462 | |
DGAT1
|
−0.62
|
0.000
|
−0.58
|
0.007
|
−0.60
|
0.005
|
−0.45
|
0.045
|
−0.76
|
0.000
| |
DGAT2
|
−0.44
|
0.004
|
−0.53
|
0.015
| −0.38 | 0.096 | −0.10 | 0.690 |
−0.50
|
0.025
| |
Glucose metabolism genes
| |||||||||||
IRS1
| −0.19 | 0.235 | −0.05 | 0.849 | −0.28 | 0.236 | −0.10 | 0.681 | −0.08 | 0.738 | |
GLUT4
| −0.30 | 0.061 | −0.43 | 0.061 | −0.30 | 0.194 | −0.10 | 0.664 |
−0.51
|
0.022
| |
AKT
| −0.28 | 0.081 | −0.33 | 0.153 | −0.23 | 0.321 | −0.14 | 0.555 | −0.30 | 0.205 | |
TBC1D4
|
0.50
|
0.001
| −0.03 | 0.890 | 0.01 | 0.982 | −0.03 | 0.904 | 00 | 1.000 | |
Genes in mitochondrial energy metabolism
| |||||||||||
CPT1A
| −0.01 | 0.951 | −0.32 | 0.166 | 0.17 | 0.475 | −0.12 | 0.614 | 0.07 | 0.761 | |
CPT1B
|
−0.54
|
0.000
|
−0.60
|
0.005
| −0.22 | 0.344 |
−0.62
|
0.004
|
−0.72
|
0.000
| |
Adipogenic genes
| |||||||||||
PPARG
|
−0.43
|
0.005
| −0.44 | 0.051 | −0.43 | 0.056 | −0.23 | 0.330 |
−0.47
|
0.037
| |
CEBPA
|
−0.50
|
0.001
|
−0.73
|
0.000
| −0.36 | 0.121 | −0.34 | 0.147 |
−0.73
|
0.000
|