Allergic Rhinitis: an Overview

Allergic rhinitis is an inflammatory disorder of the nasal mucosa induced by allergen exposure triggering IgE-mediated inflammation. Clinically, it is characterized by four major symptoms–rhinorrhea, sneezing, nasal itching, and nasal congestion. It can also be associated with co-morbid conditions as Asthma, Atopic Dermatitis & Nasal polyps. Around 20–30 % of the Indian population suffers from allergic rhinitis and that 15 % develop asthma. The diagnosis & treatment of allergic rhinitis should follow ARIA (Allergic Rhinitis and its Impact on Asthma) guidelines while of asthma should follow the GINA (Global Initiative for Asthma) guidelines. The treatment of allergic rhinitis should combine allergen avoidance (whenever possible), pharmacotherapy, and allergen immunotherapy. Intranasal corticosteroids are the most effective modality for treating allergic rhinitis and their sensory attributes are important in patient compliance.