Skip to main content
Erschienen in: Neuroscience Bulletin 1/2018

01.02.2018 | Review

Empathy for Distress in Humans and Rodents

verfasst von: Jun Chen

Erschienen in: Neuroscience Bulletin | Ausgabe 1/2018

Einloggen, um Zugang zu erhalten

Abstract

Empathy is traditionally thought to be a unique ability of humans to feel, understand, and share the emotional state of others. However, the notion has been greatly challenged by the emerging discoveries of empathy for pain or distress in rodents. Because empathy is believed to be fundamental to the formation of prosocial, altruistic, and even moral behaviors in social animals and humans, studies associated with decoding the neural circuits and unraveling the underlying molecular and neural mechanisms of empathy for pain or distress in rodents would be very important and encouraging. In this review, the author set out to outline and update the concept of empathy from the evolutionary point of view, and introduce up-to-date advances in the study of empathy and its neural correlates in both humans and rodents. Finally, the author highlights the perspectives and challenges for the further use of rodent models in the study of empathy for pain or distress.
Literatur
1.
Zurück zum Zitat Martin LJ, Tuttle AH, Mogil JS. The interaction between pain and social behavior in humans and rodents. Curr Top Behav Neurosci 2014, 20: 233–250.PubMedCrossRef Martin LJ, Tuttle AH, Mogil JS. The interaction between pain and social behavior in humans and rodents. Curr Top Behav Neurosci 2014, 20: 233–250.PubMedCrossRef
2.
3.
4.
Zurück zum Zitat Merskey H, Bogduk N. Classification of Chronic Pain. Seattle: IASP Press, 1994. Merskey H, Bogduk N. Classification of Chronic Pain. Seattle: IASP Press, 1994.
6.
Zurück zum Zitat Hadjistavropoulos T, Craig KD, Duck S, Cano A, Goubert L, Jackson PL, Mogil JS, et al. Abiopsychosocial formulation of pain communication. Psychol Bull 2011, 137: 910–939.PubMedCrossRef Hadjistavropoulos T, Craig KD, Duck S, Cano A, Goubert L, Jackson PL, Mogil JS, et al. Abiopsychosocial formulation of pain communication. Psychol Bull 2011, 137: 910–939.PubMedCrossRef
7.
Zurück zum Zitat Jensen KB, Petrovic P, Kerr CE, Kirsch I, Raicek J, Cheetham A, Spaeth R, et al. Sharing pain and relief: neural correlates of physicians during treatment of patients. Mol Psychiatry 2014, 19: 392–398.PubMedCrossRef Jensen KB, Petrovic P, Kerr CE, Kirsch I, Raicek J, Cheetham A, Spaeth R, et al. Sharing pain and relief: neural correlates of physicians during treatment of patients. Mol Psychiatry 2014, 19: 392–398.PubMedCrossRef
8.
Zurück zum Zitat Singer T, Seymour B, O’Doherty J, Kaube H, Dolan RJ, Frith CD. Empathy for pain involves the affective but not sensory components of pain. Science 2004, 303: 1157–1162.PubMedCrossRef Singer T, Seymour B, O’Doherty J, Kaube H, Dolan RJ, Frith CD. Empathy for pain involves the affective but not sensory components of pain. Science 2004, 303: 1157–1162.PubMedCrossRef
9.
Zurück zum Zitat Rainville P, Duncan GH, Price DD, Carrier B, Bushnell MC. Pain affect encoded in human anterior cingulate but not somatosensory cortex. Science 1997, 277: 968–971.PubMedCrossRef Rainville P, Duncan GH, Price DD, Carrier B, Bushnell MC. Pain affect encoded in human anterior cingulate but not somatosensory cortex. Science 1997, 277: 968–971.PubMedCrossRef
10.
Zurück zum Zitat Lamm C, Decety J, Singer T. Meta-analytic evidence for common and distinct neural networks associated with directly experienced pain and empathy for pain. Neuroimage 2011, 54: 2492–502.PubMedCrossRef Lamm C, Decety J, Singer T. Meta-analytic evidence for common and distinct neural networks associated with directly experienced pain and empathy for pain. Neuroimage 2011, 54: 2492–502.PubMedCrossRef
11.
Zurück zum Zitat Li Z, Lu YF, Li CL, Wang Y, Sun W, He T, et al. Social interaction with a cagemate in pain facilitates subsequent spinal nociception via activation of the medial prefrontal cortex in rats. Pain 2014, 155: 1253–1261.PubMedCrossRef Li Z, Lu YF, Li CL, Wang Y, Sun W, He T, et al. Social interaction with a cagemate in pain facilitates subsequent spinal nociception via activation of the medial prefrontal cortex in rats. Pain 2014, 155: 1253–1261.PubMedCrossRef
12.
Zurück zum Zitat Ren LY, Lu ZM, Liu MG, Yu YQ, Li Z, Shang GW, et al. Distinct roles of the anterior cingulate cortex in spinal and supraspinal bee venom-induced pain behaviors, Neuroscience 2008, 153: 268–278.PubMedCrossRef Ren LY, Lu ZM, Liu MG, Yu YQ, Li Z, Shang GW, et al. Distinct roles of the anterior cingulate cortex in spinal and supraspinal bee venom-induced pain behaviors, Neuroscience 2008, 153: 268–278.PubMedCrossRef
13.
Zurück zum Zitat Gong KR, Cao FL, He Y, Gao CY, Wang DD, Li H, et al. Enhanced excitatory and reduced inhibitory synaptic transmission contribute to persistent pain-induced neuronal hyper-responsiveness in anterior cingulate cortex. Neuroscience 2010, 171: 1314–1325.PubMedCrossRef Gong KR, Cao FL, He Y, Gao CY, Wang DD, Li H, et al. Enhanced excitatory and reduced inhibitory synaptic transmission contribute to persistent pain-induced neuronal hyper-responsiveness in anterior cingulate cortex. Neuroscience 2010, 171: 1314–1325.PubMedCrossRef
14.
Zurück zum Zitat Lu YF, He Y, Wang Y, Zhang FK, He T, Wang RR, et al. Spatial and temporal plasticity of synaptic organization in anterior cingulate cortex following peripheral inflammatory pain: multi-electrode array recordings in rats. Neurosci Bull 2014, 30: 1–20.PubMedCrossRef Lu YF, He Y, Wang Y, Zhang FK, He T, Wang RR, et al. Spatial and temporal plasticity of synaptic organization in anterior cingulate cortex following peripheral inflammatory pain: multi-electrode array recordings in rats. Neurosci Bull 2014, 30: 1–20.PubMedCrossRef
15.
Zurück zum Zitat Geng KW, He T, Wang RR, Li CL, Luo WJ, Wu FF, et al. Ethanol increases mechanical pain sensitivity in rats via activation of GABAA receptors in medial prefrontal cortex. Neurosci Bull 2016, 32: 433–444.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Geng KW, He T, Wang RR, Li CL, Luo WJ, Wu FF, et al. Ethanol increases mechanical pain sensitivity in rats via activation of GABAA receptors in medial prefrontal cortex. Neurosci Bull 2016, 32: 433–444.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
16.
Zurück zum Zitat Liu MG, Chen J. Preclinical research on pain comorbidity with affective disorders and cognitive deficits: challenges and perspectives. Prog Neurobiol 2014, 116: 13–32.PubMedCrossRef Liu MG, Chen J. Preclinical research on pain comorbidity with affective disorders and cognitive deficits: challenges and perspectives. Prog Neurobiol 2014, 116: 13–32.PubMedCrossRef
17.
Zurück zum Zitat de Waal FBM. Putting the altruism back into altruism: The evolution of empathy. Annu Rev Psychol 2008, 59: 279–300.PubMedCrossRef de Waal FBM. Putting the altruism back into altruism: The evolution of empathy. Annu Rev Psychol 2008, 59: 279–300.PubMedCrossRef
19.
Zurück zum Zitat de Waal FBM. The Bonobo and the Atheist. In Search for Humanism among the Primates. New York: W.W. Norton & Company, 2013. de Waal FBM. The Bonobo and the Atheist. In Search for Humanism among the Primates. New York: W.W. Norton & Company, 2013.
21.
Zurück zum Zitat Panksepp J, Panksepp JB. Toward a cross-species understanding of empathy. Trend Neurosci 2013, 36: 489–496.PubMedCrossRef Panksepp J, Panksepp JB. Toward a cross-species understanding of empathy. Trend Neurosci 2013, 36: 489–496.PubMedCrossRef
22.
Zurück zum Zitat Gonzalez-Liencres C, Shamay-Tsoory SG, Brüne M. Towards a neuroscience of empathy: ontogeny, phylogeny, brain mechanisms, context and psychopathology. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2013, 37: 1537–1548.PubMedCrossRef Gonzalez-Liencres C, Shamay-Tsoory SG, Brüne M. Towards a neuroscience of empathy: ontogeny, phylogeny, brain mechanisms, context and psychopathology. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2013, 37: 1537–1548.PubMedCrossRef
23.
26.
Zurück zum Zitat Langford DJ, Crager SE, Shehzad Z, Smith SB, Sotocinal SG, Levenstadt JS, et al. Social modulation of pain as evidence for empathy in mice. Science 2006, 312: 1967–1970.PubMedCrossRef Langford DJ, Crager SE, Shehzad Z, Smith SB, Sotocinal SG, Levenstadt JS, et al. Social modulation of pain as evidence for empathy in mice. Science 2006, 312: 1967–1970.PubMedCrossRef
28.
Zurück zum Zitat Chen J, Li Z, Lv YF, Li CL, Wang Y, Wang RR, et al. Empathy for pain: A novel bio-psychosocial-behavioral laboratory animal model. Acta Physiol Sin 2015, 67: 561–570. (In Chinese with abstract in English). Chen J, Li Z, Lv YF, Li CL, Wang Y, Wang RR, et al. Empathy for pain: A novel bio-psychosocial-behavioral laboratory animal model. Acta Physiol Sin 2015, 67: 561–570. (In Chinese with abstract in English).
29.
Zurück zum Zitat Pigman GW. Freud and the history of empathy. Int J Psychoanal 1995, 76 :237–256.PubMed Pigman GW. Freud and the history of empathy. Int J Psychoanal 1995, 76 :237–256.PubMed
30.
Zurück zum Zitat Preston SD, de Waal FBM. Empathy: Its ultimate and proximate bases. Behav Brain Sci 2002, 25: 1–72.PubMed Preston SD, de Waal FBM. Empathy: Its ultimate and proximate bases. Behav Brain Sci 2002, 25: 1–72.PubMed
31.
Zurück zum Zitat de Vignemont F, Singer T. The empathic brain: how, when and why? Trend Cogn Sci 2006, 10: 435–441.CrossRef de Vignemont F, Singer T. The empathic brain: how, when and why? Trend Cogn Sci 2006, 10: 435–441.CrossRef
32.
Zurück zum Zitat Leiberg S, Anders S. The multiple facets of empathy: a survey of theory and evidence. Prog Brain Res 2006, 156: 419–440.PubMedCrossRef Leiberg S, Anders S. The multiple facets of empathy: a survey of theory and evidence. Prog Brain Res 2006, 156: 419–440.PubMedCrossRef
33.
34.
Zurück zum Zitat Decety J, Norman GJ, Berntson GG, Cacioppo JT. A neurobehavioral evolutionary perspective on the mechanisms underlying empathy. Prog Neurobiol 2012, 98: 38–48.PubMedCrossRef Decety J, Norman GJ, Berntson GG, Cacioppo JT. A neurobehavioral evolutionary perspective on the mechanisms underlying empathy. Prog Neurobiol 2012, 98: 38–48.PubMedCrossRef
36.
Zurück zum Zitat Ben-Ami Bartal I, Decety J, Mason P. Empathy and pro-social behavior in rats. Science 2011, 334: 1427–1430.PubMedCrossRef Ben-Ami Bartal I, Decety J, Mason P. Empathy and pro-social behavior in rats. Science 2011, 334: 1427–1430.PubMedCrossRef
37.
Zurück zum Zitat Ben-Ami Bartal I, Rodgers DA, Bernardez Sarria MS, Decety J, Mason P. Pro-social behavior in rats is modulated by social experience. Elife 2014, 3: e01385. Ben-Ami Bartal I, Rodgers DA, Bernardez Sarria MS, Decety J, Mason P. Pro-social behavior in rats is modulated by social experience. Elife 2014, 3: e01385.
38.
Zurück zum Zitat Márquez C, Rennie SM, Costa DF, Moita MA. Prosocial choice in rats depends on food-seeking behavior displayed by recipients. Curr Biol 2015, 25: 1736–1745.PubMedCrossRef Márquez C, Rennie SM, Costa DF, Moita MA. Prosocial choice in rats depends on food-seeking behavior displayed by recipients. Curr Biol 2015, 25: 1736–1745.PubMedCrossRef
39.
Zurück zum Zitat Hernandez-Lallement J, van Wingerden M, Marx C, Srejic M, Kalenscher T. Rats prefer mutual rewards in a prosocial choice task. Front in Neurosci 2015, 8: 443.CrossRef Hernandez-Lallement J, van Wingerden M, Marx C, Srejic M, Kalenscher T. Rats prefer mutual rewards in a prosocial choice task. Front in Neurosci 2015, 8: 443.CrossRef
40.
Zurück zum Zitat Zaki J, Ochsner KN. The neuroscience of empathy: progress, pitfalls and promise. Nat Neurosci 2012, 15: 675–680.PubMedCrossRef Zaki J, Ochsner KN. The neuroscience of empathy: progress, pitfalls and promise. Nat Neurosci 2012, 15: 675–680.PubMedCrossRef
41.
Zurück zum Zitat Shamay-Tsoory SG, Aharon-Peretz J, Perry D. Two systems for empathy: a double dissociation between emotional and cognitive empathy in inferior frontal gyrus versus ventromedial prefrontal lesions. Brain 2009, 32: 617–627.CrossRef Shamay-Tsoory SG, Aharon-Peretz J, Perry D. Two systems for empathy: a double dissociation between emotional and cognitive empathy in inferior frontal gyrus versus ventromedial prefrontal lesions. Brain 2009, 32: 617–627.CrossRef
42.
Zurück zum Zitat Darwin C. The descent of man. 2nd edition. London: Penguin Group, 1879. Darwin C. The descent of man. 2nd edition. London: Penguin Group, 1879.
43.
Zurück zum Zitat Darwin C. The expression of the emotions in man and animals. 2nd edition. London: Penguin Group, 1890. Darwin C. The expression of the emotions in man and animals. 2nd edition. London: Penguin Group, 1890.
44.
Zurück zum Zitat Langford DL, Bailey AL, Chanda ML, Clarke SE, Drummond TE, Echols S, et al. Coding of facial expressions of pain in the laboratory mouse. Nat Methods 2010, 7: 447–449.PubMedCrossRef Langford DL, Bailey AL, Chanda ML, Clarke SE, Drummond TE, Echols S, et al. Coding of facial expressions of pain in the laboratory mouse. Nat Methods 2010, 7: 447–449.PubMedCrossRef
45.
Zurück zum Zitat Condé F, Audinat E, Maire-Lepoivre E, Crépel F. Afferent connections of the medial frontal cortex of the rat. A study using retrograde transport of fluorescent dyes. I. Thalamic afferents. Brain Res Bull 1990, 24: 341–354.PubMedCrossRef Condé F, Audinat E, Maire-Lepoivre E, Crépel F. Afferent connections of the medial frontal cortex of the rat. A study using retrograde transport of fluorescent dyes. I. Thalamic afferents. Brain Res Bull 1990, 24: 341–354.PubMedCrossRef
46.
Zurück zum Zitat Condé F, Maire-Lepoivre E, Audinat E, Crépel F. Afferent connections of the medial frontal cortex of the rat. II. Cortical and subcortical afferents. J Comp Neurol 1995, 352: 567–593.PubMedCrossRef Condé F, Maire-Lepoivre E, Audinat E, Crépel F. Afferent connections of the medial frontal cortex of the rat. II. Cortical and subcortical afferents. J Comp Neurol 1995, 352: 567–593.PubMedCrossRef
47.
Zurück zum Zitat Hoover WB, Vertes RP. Anatomical analysis of afferent projections to the medial prefrontal cortex in the rat. Brain Struct Funct 2007, 212: 149–179.PubMedCrossRef Hoover WB, Vertes RP. Anatomical analysis of afferent projections to the medial prefrontal cortex in the rat. Brain Struct Funct 2007, 212: 149–179.PubMedCrossRef
48.
Zurück zum Zitat Christoff K, Irving ZC, Fox KC, Spreng RN, Andrews-Hanna JR. Mind-wandering as spontaneous thought: a dynamic framework. Nat Rev Neurosci 2016, 17: 718–731.PubMedCrossRef Christoff K, Irving ZC, Fox KC, Spreng RN, Andrews-Hanna JR. Mind-wandering as spontaneous thought: a dynamic framework. Nat Rev Neurosci 2016, 17: 718–731.PubMedCrossRef
49.
Zurück zum Zitat Taylor SF, Liberzon I. Neural correlates of emotion regulation in psychopathology. Trends Cogn Sci 2007, 11: 413–418.PubMedCrossRef Taylor SF, Liberzon I. Neural correlates of emotion regulation in psychopathology. Trends Cogn Sci 2007, 11: 413–418.PubMedCrossRef
50.
Zurück zum Zitat Ranganath C, Ritchey M. Two cortical systems for memory-guided behaviour. Nat Rev Neurosci 2012, 13: 713–726.PubMedCrossRef Ranganath C, Ritchey M. Two cortical systems for memory-guided behaviour. Nat Rev Neurosci 2012, 13: 713–726.PubMedCrossRef
51.
Zurück zum Zitat Tang YY, Hölzel BK, Posner MI. The neuroscience of mindfulness meditation. Nat Rev Neurosci 2015, 16: 213–225.PubMedCrossRef Tang YY, Hölzel BK, Posner MI. The neuroscience of mindfulness meditation. Nat Rev Neurosci 2015, 16: 213–225.PubMedCrossRef
52.
Zurück zum Zitat Liu D, Gu X, Zhu J, Zhang X, Han Z, Yan W, et al. Medial prefrontal activity during delay period contributes to learning of a working memory task. Science 2014, 346: 458–463.PubMedCrossRef Liu D, Gu X, Zhu J, Zhang X, Han Z, Yan W, et al. Medial prefrontal activity during delay period contributes to learning of a working memory task. Science 2014, 346: 458–463.PubMedCrossRef
54.
56.
Zurück zum Zitat Tovote P, Fadok JP, Lüthi A. Neuronal circuits for fear and anxiety. Nat Rev Neurosci 2015, 16: 317–331. (Erratum in: Nat Rev Neurosci 2015, 16:439). Tovote P, Fadok JP, Lüthi A. Neuronal circuits for fear and anxiety. Nat Rev Neurosci 2015, 16: 317–331. (Erratum in: Nat Rev Neurosci 2015, 16:439).
57.
Zurück zum Zitat Bennett MR. The prefrontal-limbic network in depression: A core pathology of synapse regression. Prog Neurobiol 2011a, 93: 457–467.PubMedCrossRef Bennett MR. The prefrontal-limbic network in depression: A core pathology of synapse regression. Prog Neurobiol 2011a, 93: 457–467.PubMedCrossRef
58.
Zurück zum Zitat Bennett MR. The prefrontal-limbic network in depression: Modulation by hypothalamus, basal ganglia and midbrain. Prog Neurobiol 2011b, 93: 468–487.PubMedCrossRef Bennett MR. The prefrontal-limbic network in depression: Modulation by hypothalamus, basal ganglia and midbrain. Prog Neurobiol 2011b, 93: 468–487.PubMedCrossRef
59.
Zurück zum Zitat Rizzolatti G, Sinigaglia C. The mirror mechanism: a basic principle of brain function. Nat Rev Neurosci 2016, 17: 757–765.PubMedCrossRef Rizzolatti G, Sinigaglia C. The mirror mechanism: a basic principle of brain function. Nat Rev Neurosci 2016, 17: 757–765.PubMedCrossRef
60.
Zurück zum Zitat Xu X, Zuo X, Wang X, Han S. Do you feel my pain? Racial group membership modulates empathic neural responses. J Neurosci 2009, 29: 8525–8529.PubMedCrossRef Xu X, Zuo X, Wang X, Han S. Do you feel my pain? Racial group membership modulates empathic neural responses. J Neurosci 2009, 29: 8525–8529.PubMedCrossRef
61.
Zurück zum Zitat Sheng F, Liu Y, Zhou B, Zhou W, Han S. Oxytocin modulates the racial bias in neural responses to others’ suffering. Biol Psychol 2013, 92: 380–386.PubMedCrossRef Sheng F, Liu Y, Zhou B, Zhou W, Han S. Oxytocin modulates the racial bias in neural responses to others’ suffering. Biol Psychol 2013, 92: 380–386.PubMedCrossRef
62.
Zurück zum Zitat Insel TR, Young LJ. Neuropeptides and the evolution of social behavior. Cur Opin Neurobiol 2000, 10: 784–789.CrossRef Insel TR, Young LJ. Neuropeptides and the evolution of social behavior. Cur Opin Neurobiol 2000, 10: 784–789.CrossRef
63.
64.
Zurück zum Zitat Winslow JT, Insel TR. Neuroendocrine basis of social recognition. Cur Opin Neurobiol 2004, 14: 248–253.CrossRef Winslow JT, Insel TR. Neuroendocrine basis of social recognition. Cur Opin Neurobiol 2004, 14: 248–253.CrossRef
65.
Zurück zum Zitat Donaldson ZR, Young LJ. Oxytocin, vasopressin, and the neurogenetics of sociality. Science 2008, 322: 900–904.PubMedCrossRef Donaldson ZR, Young LJ. Oxytocin, vasopressin, and the neurogenetics of sociality. Science 2008, 322: 900–904.PubMedCrossRef
66.
Zurück zum Zitat Heinrichs M, Domes G. Neuropeptides and social behavior: effects of oxytocin and vasopressin in humans. Prog Brain Res 2008, 170: 337–350.PubMedCrossRef Heinrichs M, Domes G. Neuropeptides and social behavior: effects of oxytocin and vasopressin in humans. Prog Brain Res 2008, 170: 337–350.PubMedCrossRef
67.
Zurück zum Zitat Lee HJ, Macbeth AH, Pagani JH, Young3rd WS. Oxytocin: The great facilitator of life. Prog Neurobiol 2009, 88: 127–151. Lee HJ, Macbeth AH, Pagani JH, Young3rd WS. Oxytocin: The great facilitator of life. Prog Neurobiol 2009, 88: 127–151.
68.
Zurück zum Zitat Meyer-Lindenberg A, Domes G, Kirsch P, Heinrichs M. Oxytocin and vasopressin in the human brain: social neuropeptides for translational medicine. Nat Rev Neurosci 2011, 12: 524–538.PubMedCrossRef Meyer-Lindenberg A, Domes G, Kirsch P, Heinrichs M. Oxytocin and vasopressin in the human brain: social neuropeptides for translational medicine. Nat Rev Neurosci 2011, 12: 524–538.PubMedCrossRef
69.
Zurück zum Zitat Church RM. Emotional reactions of rats to the pain of others. J Comp Physiol Psychol 1959, 52 :132–134.PubMedCrossRef Church RM. Emotional reactions of rats to the pain of others. J Comp Physiol Psychol 1959, 52 :132–134.PubMedCrossRef
70.
Zurück zum Zitat Rice GE, Gainer P. “Altruism” in the albino rat. J Comp Physiol Psychol 1962, 55: 123–125.PubMedCrossRef Rice GE, Gainer P. “Altruism” in the albino rat. J Comp Physiol Psychol 1962, 55: 123–125.PubMedCrossRef
71.
Zurück zum Zitat Watanabe S, Ono K. An experimental analysis of “empathic” response: Effects of pain reactions of pigeon upon other pigeon’s operant behavior. Behav Processes 1986, 13: 269–277.PubMedCrossRef Watanabe S, Ono K. An experimental analysis of “empathic” response: Effects of pain reactions of pigeon upon other pigeon’s operant behavior. Behav Processes 1986, 13: 269–277.PubMedCrossRef
73.
Zurück zum Zitat Edgar JL, Paul ES, Harris L, Penturn S, Nicol CJ. No evidence for emotional empathy in chickens observing familiar adult conspecifics. PLoS One 2012, 7: e31542.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Edgar JL, Paul ES, Harris L, Penturn S, Nicol CJ. No evidence for emotional empathy in chickens observing familiar adult conspecifics. PLoS One 2012, 7: e31542.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
74.
Zurück zum Zitat Nowbahari E, Scohier A, Durand JL, Hollis KL. Ants, Cataglyphis cursor, use precisely directed rescue behavior to free entrapped relatives. PLoS One 2009, 4: e6573.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Nowbahari E, Scohier A, Durand JL, Hollis KL. Ants, Cataglyphis cursor, use precisely directed rescue behavior to free entrapped relatives. PLoS One 2009, 4: e6573.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
75.
Zurück zum Zitat de Waal FBM. Do animals feel empathy? Scientific American Mind 2007, 18(6): 28–35.CrossRef de Waal FBM. Do animals feel empathy? Scientific American Mind 2007, 18(6): 28–35.CrossRef
76.
77.
Zurück zum Zitat Knapska E, Nikolaev E, Boguszewski P, Walasek G, Blaszczyk J, Kaczmarek L, et al. Between-subject transfer of emotional information evokes specific pattern of amygdala activation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2006, 103: 3858–3862.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Knapska E, Nikolaev E, Boguszewski P, Walasek G, Blaszczyk J, Kaczmarek L, et al. Between-subject transfer of emotional information evokes specific pattern of amygdala activation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2006, 103: 3858–3862.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
80.
Zurück zum Zitat Jeon D, Kim S, Chetana M, Jo D, Ruley HE, Lin SY, et al. Observational fear learning involves affective pain system and Cav1.2 Ca2+ channels in ACC. Nat Neurosci 2010, 13: 482–488.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Jeon D, Kim S, Chetana M, Jo D, Ruley HE, Lin SY, et al. Observational fear learning involves affective pain system and Cav1.2 Ca2+ channels in ACC. Nat Neurosci 2010, 13: 482–488.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
81.
Zurück zum Zitat Keum S, Park J, Kim A, Park J, Kim KK, Jeong J, et al. Variability in empathic fear response among 11 inbred strains of mice. Genes Brain Behav 2016, 15: 231–242.PubMedCrossRef Keum S, Park J, Kim A, Park J, Kim KK, Jeong J, et al. Variability in empathic fear response among 11 inbred strains of mice. Genes Brain Behav 2016, 15: 231–242.PubMedCrossRef
83.
Zurück zum Zitat Bruchey AK, Jones CE, Monfils MH. Fear conditioning by-proxy: social transmission of fear during memory retrieval. Behav Brain Res 2010, 214: 80–84.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Bruchey AK, Jones CE, Monfils MH. Fear conditioning by-proxy: social transmission of fear during memory retrieval. Behav Brain Res 2010, 214: 80–84.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
84.
Zurück zum Zitat Jones CE, Riha PD, Gore AC, Monfils MH. Social transmission of Pavlovian fear: fear-conditioning by-proxy in related female rats. Anim Cogn 2014, 17: 827–834.PubMedCrossRef Jones CE, Riha PD, Gore AC, Monfils MH. Social transmission of Pavlovian fear: fear-conditioning by-proxy in related female rats. Anim Cogn 2014, 17: 827–834.PubMedCrossRef
86.
Zurück zum Zitat Kim EJ, Kim ES, Covey E, Kim JJ. Social transmission of fear in rats: the role of 22-kHz ultrasonic distress vocalization. PLoS One 2010, 5: e15077.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Kim EJ, Kim ES, Covey E, Kim JJ. Social transmission of fear in rats: the role of 22-kHz ultrasonic distress vocalization. PLoS One 2010, 5: e15077.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
87.
Zurück zum Zitat Atsak P, Orre M, Bakker P, Cerliani L, Roozendaal B, Gazzola V, et al. Experience modulates vicarious freezing in rats: a model for empathy. PLoS One 2011, 6: e21855.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Atsak P, Orre M, Bakker P, Cerliani L, Roozendaal B, Gazzola V, et al. Experience modulates vicarious freezing in rats: a model for empathy. PLoS One 2011, 6: e21855.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
88.
89.
Zurück zum Zitat Akyazi I, Eraslan E. Transmission of stress between cagemates: a study in rats. Physiol Behav 2014, 123: 114–118.PubMedCrossRef Akyazi I, Eraslan E. Transmission of stress between cagemates: a study in rats. Physiol Behav 2014, 123: 114–118.PubMedCrossRef
90.
Zurück zum Zitat Kiyokawa Y, Honda A, Takeuchi Y, Mori Y. A familiar conspecific is more effective than an unfamiliar conspecific for social buffering of conditioned fear responses in male rats. Behav Brain Res 2014, 267: 189–193.PubMedCrossRef Kiyokawa Y, Honda A, Takeuchi Y, Mori Y. A familiar conspecific is more effective than an unfamiliar conspecific for social buffering of conditioned fear responses in male rats. Behav Brain Res 2014, 267: 189–193.PubMedCrossRef
91.
Zurück zum Zitat Nowak A, Werka T, Knapska E. Social modulation in extinction of aversive memories. Behav Brain Res 2013, 238: 200–205.PubMedCrossRef Nowak A, Werka T, Knapska E. Social modulation in extinction of aversive memories. Behav Brain Res 2013, 238: 200–205.PubMedCrossRef
92.
Zurück zum Zitat Watanabe S. Distress of mice induces approach behavior but has an aversive property for conspecifics. Behav Processes 2012, 90: 167–173.PubMedCrossRef Watanabe S. Distress of mice induces approach behavior but has an aversive property for conspecifics. Behav Processes 2012, 90: 167–173.PubMedCrossRef
93.
Zurück zum Zitat Gonzalez-Liencres C, Juckel G, Tas C, Friebe A, Brüne M. Emotional contagion in mice: the role of familiarity. Behav Brain Res 2014, 263: 16–21.PubMedCrossRef Gonzalez-Liencres C, Juckel G, Tas C, Friebe A, Brüne M. Emotional contagion in mice: the role of familiarity. Behav Brain Res 2014, 263: 16–21.PubMedCrossRef
94.
Zurück zum Zitat Langford DJ, Tuttle AH, Briscoe C, Harvey-Lewis C, Baran I, Gleeson P, et al. Varying perceived social threat modulates pain behavior in male mice. J Pain 2011, 12: 125–132.PubMedCrossRef Langford DJ, Tuttle AH, Briscoe C, Harvey-Lewis C, Baran I, Gleeson P, et al. Varying perceived social threat modulates pain behavior in male mice. J Pain 2011, 12: 125–132.PubMedCrossRef
95.
Zurück zum Zitat Martin LJ, Hathaway G, Isbester K, Mirali S, Acland EL, Niederstrasser N, et al. Reducing social stress elicits emotional contagion of pain in mouse and human strangers. Curr Biol 2015, 25: 326–332.PubMedCrossRef Martin LJ, Hathaway G, Isbester K, Mirali S, Acland EL, Niederstrasser N, et al. Reducing social stress elicits emotional contagion of pain in mouse and human strangers. Curr Biol 2015, 25: 326–332.PubMedCrossRef
96.
Zurück zum Zitat Langford DJ, Tuttle AH, Brown K, Deschenes S, Fischer DB, Mutso A, et al. Social approach to pain in laboratory mice. Soc Neurosci 2010, 5: 163–170.PubMedCrossRef Langford DJ, Tuttle AH, Brown K, Deschenes S, Fischer DB, Mutso A, et al. Social approach to pain in laboratory mice. Soc Neurosci 2010, 5: 163–170.PubMedCrossRef
97.
Zurück zum Zitat Yang L, Shi LJ, Yu J, Zhang YQ. Activation of protein kinase A in the amygdala modulates anxiety-like behaviors in social defeat exposed mice. Mol Brain 2016, 9: 3.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Yang L, Shi LJ, Yu J, Zhang YQ. Activation of protein kinase A in the amygdala modulates anxiety-like behaviors in social defeat exposed mice. Mol Brain 2016, 9: 3.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
98.
Zurück zum Zitat Gioiosa L, Chiarotti F, Alleva E, Laviola G. A trouble shared is a trouble halved: social context and status affect pain in mouse dyads. PLoS One 2009, 4: e4143.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Gioiosa L, Chiarotti F, Alleva E, Laviola G. A trouble shared is a trouble halved: social context and status affect pain in mouse dyads. PLoS One 2009, 4: e4143.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
100.
Zurück zum Zitat Baptista-de-Souza D, Nunciato AC, Pereira BC, Fachinni G, Zaniboni CR, Canto-de-Souza A. Mice undergoing neuropathic pain induce anxiogenic-like effects and hypernociception in cagemates. Behav Pharmacol 2015, 26: 664–672.PubMedCrossRef Baptista-de-Souza D, Nunciato AC, Pereira BC, Fachinni G, Zaniboni CR, Canto-de-Souza A. Mice undergoing neuropathic pain induce anxiogenic-like effects and hypernociception in cagemates. Behav Pharmacol 2015, 26: 664–672.PubMedCrossRef
101.
Zurück zum Zitat Yang H, Jung S, Seo J, Khalid A, Yoo JS, Park J, et al. Altered behavior and neural activity in conspecific cagemates co-housed with mouse models of brain disorders. Physiol Behav 2016, 163: 167–176.PubMedCrossRef Yang H, Jung S, Seo J, Khalid A, Yoo JS, Park J, et al. Altered behavior and neural activity in conspecific cagemates co-housed with mouse models of brain disorders. Physiol Behav 2016, 163: 167–176.PubMedCrossRef
102.
Zurück zum Zitat Chen J, Lariviere WR. The nociceptive and anti-nociceptive effects of bee venom injection and therapy: a double-edged sword. Prog Neurobiol 2010, 92:151–183.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Chen J, Lariviere WR. The nociceptive and anti-nociceptive effects of bee venom injection and therapy: a double-edged sword. Prog Neurobiol 2010, 92:151–183.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
104.
Zurück zum Zitat Kiyokawa Y, Hiroshima S, Takeuchi Y, Mori Y. Social buffering reduces male rats’ behavioral and corticosterone responses to a conditioned stimulus. Horm Behav 2014, 65: 114–118.PubMedCrossRef Kiyokawa Y, Hiroshima S, Takeuchi Y, Mori Y. Social buffering reduces male rats’ behavioral and corticosterone responses to a conditioned stimulus. Horm Behav 2014, 65: 114–118.PubMedCrossRef
105.
Zurück zum Zitat Ishii A, Kiyokawa Y, Takeuchi Y, Mori Y. Social buffering ameliorates conditioned fear responses in female rats. Horm Behav 2016, 81: 53–58.PubMedCrossRef Ishii A, Kiyokawa Y, Takeuchi Y, Mori Y. Social buffering ameliorates conditioned fear responses in female rats. Horm Behav 2016, 81: 53–58.PubMedCrossRef
106.
Zurück zum Zitat Mikami K, Kiyokawa Y, Takeuchi Y, Mori Y. Social buffering enhances extinction of conditioned fear responses in male rats. Physiol Behav 2016, 163: 123–128.PubMedCrossRef Mikami K, Kiyokawa Y, Takeuchi Y, Mori Y. Social buffering enhances extinction of conditioned fear responses in male rats. Physiol Behav 2016, 163: 123–128.PubMedCrossRef
107.
Zurück zum Zitat Takahashi Y, Kiyokawa Y, Kodama Y, Arata S, Takeuchi Y, Mori Y. Olfactory signals mediate social buffering of conditioned fear responses in male rats. Behav Brain Res 2013, 240: 46–51.PubMedCrossRef Takahashi Y, Kiyokawa Y, Kodama Y, Arata S, Takeuchi Y, Mori Y. Olfactory signals mediate social buffering of conditioned fear responses in male rats. Behav Brain Res 2013, 240: 46–51.PubMedCrossRef
108.
Zurück zum Zitat Kiyokawa Y, Wakabayashi Y, Takeuchi Y, Mori Y. The neural pathway underlying social buffering of conditioned fear responses in male rats. Eur J Neurosci 2012, 36: 3429–3437.PubMedCrossRef Kiyokawa Y, Wakabayashi Y, Takeuchi Y, Mori Y. The neural pathway underlying social buffering of conditioned fear responses in male rats. Eur J Neurosci 2012, 36: 3429–3437.PubMedCrossRef
109.
Zurück zum Zitat Fuzzo F, Matsumoto J, Kiyokawa Y, Takeuchi Y, Ono T, Nishijo H. Social buffering suppresses fear-associated activation of the lateral amygdala in male rats: behavioral and neurophysiological evidence. Front Neurosci 2015, 9: 99.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Fuzzo F, Matsumoto J, Kiyokawa Y, Takeuchi Y, Ono T, Nishijo H. Social buffering suppresses fear-associated activation of the lateral amygdala in male rats: behavioral and neurophysiological evidence. Front Neurosci 2015, 9: 99.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
110.
Zurück zum Zitat Popper KR, Eccles JC. The Self and Its Brain. An Argument for Interactionism. London: Taylor & Francis Group, 1977. Popper KR, Eccles JC. The Self and Its Brain. An Argument for Interactionism. London: Taylor & Francis Group, 1977.
111.
Zurück zum Zitat Danziger N, Faillenot I, Peyron R. Can we share a pain we never felt? Neural correlates of empathy in patients with congenital insensitivity to pain. Neuron 2009, 61: 203–212.PubMedCrossRef Danziger N, Faillenot I, Peyron R. Can we share a pain we never felt? Neural correlates of empathy in patients with congenital insensitivity to pain. Neuron 2009, 61: 203–212.PubMedCrossRef
112.
Zurück zum Zitat Gallese V, Fadiga L, Fogassi L, Rizzolatti G. Action recognition in the premotor cortex. Brain 1996, 119: 593–609.PubMedCrossRef Gallese V, Fadiga L, Fogassi L, Rizzolatti G. Action recognition in the premotor cortex. Brain 1996, 119: 593–609.PubMedCrossRef
113.
Zurück zum Zitat Gallese V, Keysers C, Rizzolatti G. A unifying view of the basis of social cognition. Trends Cogn Sci 2004, 8: 396–403.PubMedCrossRef Gallese V, Keysers C, Rizzolatti G. A unifying view of the basis of social cognition. Trends Cogn Sci 2004, 8: 396–403.PubMedCrossRef
114.
Zurück zum Zitat Iacoboni M, Woods RP, Brass M, Bekkering H, Mazziotta JC, Rizzolatti G. Cortical mechanisms of human imitation. Science 1999, 286: 2526–2528.PubMedCrossRef Iacoboni M, Woods RP, Brass M, Bekkering H, Mazziotta JC, Rizzolatti G. Cortical mechanisms of human imitation. Science 1999, 286: 2526–2528.PubMedCrossRef
115.
Zurück zum Zitat Rizzolatti G. Confounding the origin and function of mirror neurons. Behav Brain Sci 2014, 37: 218–219.PubMedCrossRef Rizzolatti G. Confounding the origin and function of mirror neurons. Behav Brain Sci 2014, 37: 218–219.PubMedCrossRef
116.
Zurück zum Zitat Rizzolatti G, Fogassi L, Gallese V. Neurophysiological mechanisms underlying the understanding and imitation of action. Nat Rev Neurosci 2001, 2: 661–670.PubMedCrossRef Rizzolatti G, Fogassi L, Gallese V. Neurophysiological mechanisms underlying the understanding and imitation of action. Nat Rev Neurosci 2001, 2: 661–670.PubMedCrossRef
117.
Zurück zum Zitat Rizzolatti G, Cattaneo L, Fabbri-Destro M, Rozzi S. Cortical mechanisms underlying the organization of goal-directed actions and mirror neuron-based action understanding. Physiol Rev 2014, 94: 655–706.PubMedCrossRef Rizzolatti G, Cattaneo L, Fabbri-Destro M, Rozzi S. Cortical mechanisms underlying the organization of goal-directed actions and mirror neuron-based action understanding. Physiol Rev 2014, 94: 655–706.PubMedCrossRef
118.
119.
Zurück zum Zitat Rizzolatti G, Fabbri–Destro M. The mirror system and its role in social cognition. Curr Opin Neurobiol 2008, 18: 179–184.PubMedCrossRef Rizzolatti G, Fabbri–Destro M. The mirror system and its role in social cognition. Curr Opin Neurobiol 2008, 18: 179–184.PubMedCrossRef
120.
Zurück zum Zitat Rizzolatti G, Sinigaglia C. The functional role of the parieto-frontal mirror circuit: interpretations and misinterpretations. Nat Rev Neurosci 2010, 11: 264–274.PubMedCrossRef Rizzolatti G, Sinigaglia C. The functional role of the parieto-frontal mirror circuit: interpretations and misinterpretations. Nat Rev Neurosci 2010, 11: 264–274.PubMedCrossRef
121.
Zurück zum Zitat De Dreu CK, Kret ME. Oxytocin conditions intergroup relations through upregulated in-Group empathy, cooperation, conformity, and defense. Biol Psychiatry 2016, 79: 165–173.PubMedCrossRef De Dreu CK, Kret ME. Oxytocin conditions intergroup relations through upregulated in-Group empathy, cooperation, conformity, and defense. Biol Psychiatry 2016, 79: 165–173.PubMedCrossRef
122.
Zurück zum Zitat Beetz A, Uvnäs-Moberg K, Julius H, Kotrschal K. Psychosocial and psychophysiological effects of human-animal interactions: the possible role of oxytocin. Front Psychol 2012, 3: 234.PubMedPubMedCentral Beetz A, Uvnäs-Moberg K, Julius H, Kotrschal K. Psychosocial and psychophysiological effects of human-animal interactions: the possible role of oxytocin. Front Psychol 2012, 3: 234.PubMedPubMedCentral
123.
Zurück zum Zitat Marlin BJ, Mitre M, D’amour JA, Chao MV, Froemke RC. Oxytocin enables maternal behaviour by balancing cortical inhibition. Nature 2015, 520: 499–504.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Marlin BJ, Mitre M, D’amour JA, Chao MV, Froemke RC. Oxytocin enables maternal behaviour by balancing cortical inhibition. Nature 2015, 520: 499–504.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
124.
Zurück zum Zitat Burkett JP, Andari E, Johnson ZV, Curry DC, de Waal FB, Young LJ. Oxytocin-dependent consolation behavior in rodents. Science 2016, 351: 375–378.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Burkett JP, Andari E, Johnson ZV, Curry DC, de Waal FB, Young LJ. Oxytocin-dependent consolation behavior in rodents. Science 2016, 351: 375–378.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
125.
Zurück zum Zitat Knobloch HS, Charlet A, Hoffmann LC, Eliava M, Khrulev S, Cetin AH, et al. Evoked axonal oxytocin release in the central amygdala attenuates fear response. Neuron 2012, 73: 553–566.PubMedCrossRef Knobloch HS, Charlet A, Hoffmann LC, Eliava M, Khrulev S, Cetin AH, et al. Evoked axonal oxytocin release in the central amygdala attenuates fear response. Neuron 2012, 73: 553–566.PubMedCrossRef
126.
Zurück zum Zitat Mitchell IJ, Gillespie SM, Abu-Akel A. Similar effects of intranasal oxytocin administration and acute alcohol consumption on socio-cognitions, emotions and behaviour: Implications for the mechanisms of action. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2015, 55: 98–106.PubMedCrossRef Mitchell IJ, Gillespie SM, Abu-Akel A. Similar effects of intranasal oxytocin administration and acute alcohol consumption on socio-cognitions, emotions and behaviour: Implications for the mechanisms of action. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2015, 55: 98–106.PubMedCrossRef
127.
Zurück zum Zitat Smith A. Cognitive empathy and emotional empathy in human behavior and evolution. Psychol Rec 2006, 56: 3–21.CrossRef Smith A. Cognitive empathy and emotional empathy in human behavior and evolution. Psychol Rec 2006, 56: 3–21.CrossRef
128.
Zurück zum Zitat Smith A. The empathy imbalance hypothesis of autism: a theoretical approach to cognitive and emotional empathy in autistic development. Psychol Rec 2009, 59: 489–510.CrossRef Smith A. The empathy imbalance hypothesis of autism: a theoretical approach to cognitive and emotional empathy in autistic development. Psychol Rec 2009, 59: 489–510.CrossRef
129.
Zurück zum Zitat Hovey D, Lindstedt M, Zettergren A, Jonsson L, Johansson A, Melke J, et al. Antisocial behavior and polymorphisms in the oxytocin receptor gene: findings in two independent samples. Mol Psychiatry 2016, 21: 983–988.PubMedCrossRef Hovey D, Lindstedt M, Zettergren A, Jonsson L, Johansson A, Melke J, et al. Antisocial behavior and polymorphisms in the oxytocin receptor gene: findings in two independent samples. Mol Psychiatry 2016, 21: 983–988.PubMedCrossRef
130.
Zurück zum Zitat Baron-Cohen S, Wheelwright S, Hill J, Raste Y, Plumb I. The “Reading the Mind in the Eyes” Test revised version: a study with normal adults, and adults with Asperger syndrome or high-functioning autism. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 2001, 42: 241–251.PubMedCrossRef Baron-Cohen S, Wheelwright S, Hill J, Raste Y, Plumb I. The “Reading the Mind in the Eyes” Test revised version: a study with normal adults, and adults with Asperger syndrome or high-functioning autism. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 2001, 42: 241–251.PubMedCrossRef
131.
Zurück zum Zitat Domes G, Heinrichs M, Michel A, Berger C, Herpertz SC. Oxytocin improves “mind-reading” in humans. Biol Psychiatry 2007, 61: 731–733.PubMedCrossRef Domes G, Heinrichs M, Michel A, Berger C, Herpertz SC. Oxytocin improves “mind-reading” in humans. Biol Psychiatry 2007, 61: 731–733.PubMedCrossRef
132.
Zurück zum Zitat Guastella AJ, Einfeld SL, Gray KM, Rinehart NJ, Tonge BJ, Lambert TJ, et al. Intranasal oxytocin improves emotion recognition for youth with autism spectrum disorders. Biol Psychiatry 2010, 67: 692–694.PubMedCrossRef Guastella AJ, Einfeld SL, Gray KM, Rinehart NJ, Tonge BJ, Lambert TJ, et al. Intranasal oxytocin improves emotion recognition for youth with autism spectrum disorders. Biol Psychiatry 2010, 67: 692–694.PubMedCrossRef
133.
Zurück zum Zitat American Psychiatric Association, 1994. Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (DSM-IV). Washington DC: American Psychiatric Association, 1994. American Psychiatric Association, 1994. Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (DSM-IV). Washington DC: American Psychiatric Association, 1994.
134.
Zurück zum Zitat Wöhr M, Scattoni ML. Behavioural methods used in rodent models of autism spectrum disorders: current standards and new developments. Behav Brain Res 2013, 251: 5–17.PubMedCrossRef Wöhr M, Scattoni ML. Behavioural methods used in rodent models of autism spectrum disorders: current standards and new developments. Behav Brain Res 2013, 251: 5–17.PubMedCrossRef
135.
Zurück zum Zitat Lukas M, Neumann ID. Oxytocin and vasopressin in rodent behaviors related to social dysfunctions in autism spectrum disorders. Behav Brain Res 2013, 251: 85–94.PubMedCrossRef Lukas M, Neumann ID. Oxytocin and vasopressin in rodent behaviors related to social dysfunctions in autism spectrum disorders. Behav Brain Res 2013, 251: 85–94.PubMedCrossRef
136.
Zurück zum Zitat Caldwell HK, Aulino EA, Freeman AR, Miller TV, Witchey SK. Oxytocin and behavior: Lessons from knockout mice. Dev Neurobiol 2017, 77: 190–201.PubMedCrossRef Caldwell HK, Aulino EA, Freeman AR, Miller TV, Witchey SK. Oxytocin and behavior: Lessons from knockout mice. Dev Neurobiol 2017, 77: 190–201.PubMedCrossRef
137.
Zurück zum Zitat Marlin BJ, Froemke RC. Oxytocin modulation of neural circuits for social behavior. Dev Neurobiol 2017, 77: 169–189.PubMedCrossRef Marlin BJ, Froemke RC. Oxytocin modulation of neural circuits for social behavior. Dev Neurobiol 2017, 77: 169–189.PubMedCrossRef
138.
Zurück zum Zitat Peñagarikano O. Oxytocin in animal models of autism spectrum disorder. Dev Neurobiol 2017, 77: 202–213.PubMedCrossRef Peñagarikano O. Oxytocin in animal models of autism spectrum disorder. Dev Neurobiol 2017, 77: 202–213.PubMedCrossRef
Metadaten
Titel
Empathy for Distress in Humans and Rodents
verfasst von
Jun Chen
Publikationsdatum
01.02.2018
Verlag
Springer Singapore
Erschienen in
Neuroscience Bulletin / Ausgabe 1/2018
Print ISSN: 1673-7067
Elektronische ISSN: 1995-8218
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s12264-017-0135-0

Weitere Artikel der Ausgabe 1/2018

Neuroscience Bulletin 1/2018 Zur Ausgabe

Leitlinien kompakt für die Neurologie

Mit medbee Pocketcards sicher entscheiden.

Seit 2022 gehört die medbee GmbH zum Springer Medizin Verlag

Hirnblutung unter DOAK und VKA ähnlich bedrohlich

17.05.2024 Direkte orale Antikoagulanzien Nachrichten

Kommt es zu einer nichttraumatischen Hirnblutung, spielt es keine große Rolle, ob die Betroffenen zuvor direkt wirksame orale Antikoagulanzien oder Marcumar bekommen haben: Die Prognose ist ähnlich schlecht.

Thrombektomie auch bei großen Infarkten von Vorteil

16.05.2024 Ischämischer Schlaganfall Nachrichten

Auch ein sehr ausgedehnter ischämischer Schlaganfall scheint an sich kein Grund zu sein, von einer mechanischen Thrombektomie abzusehen. Dafür spricht die LASTE-Studie, an der Patienten und Patientinnen mit einem ASPECTS von maximal 5 beteiligt waren.

Schwindelursache: Massagepistole lässt Otholiten tanzen

14.05.2024 Benigner Lagerungsschwindel Nachrichten

Wenn jüngere Menschen über ständig rezidivierenden Lagerungsschwindel klagen, könnte eine Massagepistole der Auslöser sein. In JAMA Otolaryngology warnt ein Team vor der Anwendung hochpotenter Geräte im Bereich des Nackens.

Schützt Olivenöl vor dem Tod durch Demenz?

10.05.2024 Morbus Alzheimer Nachrichten

Konsumieren Menschen täglich 7 Gramm Olivenöl, ist ihr Risiko, an einer Demenz zu sterben, um mehr als ein Viertel reduziert – und dies weitgehend unabhängig von ihrer sonstigen Ernährung. Dafür sprechen Auswertungen zweier großer US-Studien.

Update Neurologie

Bestellen Sie unseren Fach-Newsletter und bleiben Sie gut informiert.