Background
Methods
Participants
Inclusion criteria
Diagnostic criteria for Exhaustion Disorders | |
---|---|
A
| Physical and mental symptoms of exhaustion with minimum two weeks duration. The symptoms have developed in response to one or more identifiable stressors which have been present for at least 6 months. |
B
| Markedly reduced mental energy, which is manifested by reduced initiative, lack of endurance, or increase of time needed for recovery after mental efforts. |
Diagnostic criteria for Exhaustion Disorders
| |
C
| At least four of the following symptoms have been present most of the day, nearly every day, during the same 2 week period: |
1 Persistent complaints of impaired memory. | |
2 Markedly reduced capacity to tolerate demands or to work under time pressure. | |
3 Emotional instability or irritability. | |
4 Insomnia or hypersomnia. | |
5 Persistent complaints of physical weakness or fatigue. | |
6 Physical symptoms such as muscular pain, chest pain, palpitations, gastrointestinal problems, vertigo or increased sensitivity to sounds. | |
D
| The symptoms cause clinically significant distress or impairment in social, occupational or other important areas of functioning. |
E
| The symptoms are not due to the direct physiological effects of a substance (e.g. a drug of abuse, a medication) or a general medical condition (e.g. hypothyroidism, diabetes, infectious disease). |
F
| The stress-related disorder does not meet the criteria for major depressive disorder, dysthymic disorder or generalized anxiety disorder. |
Exclusion criteria
Diagnostic procedures
Procedures of follow-up and treatment
Measurements
Baseline characteristics
Characteristics | N1
| Women n= 158 | Men n= 74 | Total n= 232 |
p
|
---|---|---|---|---|---|
n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | |||
Age years | 232 | 0.30 | |||
-18-39 | 55 (35) | 31 (42) | 86 (37) | ||
-40-66 | 103 (65) | 43 (58) | 146 (63) | ||
Marital status | 223 | 0.85 | |||
-Married | 111 (73) | 51 (72) | 162 (73) | ||
-Single or other | 41 (27) | 20 (28) | 61 (27) | ||
Education2
| 218 | 0.28 | |||
-higher | 112 (75) | 46 (68) | 158 (73) | ||
-lower | 38 (25) | 22 (32) | 60 (28) | ||
Duration of symptoms | 224 | 0.99 | |||
Characteristics
|
N
1
|
Women
n
= 158
|
Men
n
= 74
|
Total
n
= 232
|
p
|
- < 1 year | 64 (42) | 31 (43) | 95 (42) | ||
- ≥ year | 87 (58) | 42 (58) | 129 (58) |
Ethics
Statistics
Results
Self-reported symptoms of burnout, depression and anxiety at baseline
The clinical course from baseline to 18 months of follow-up
A. Symptoms of burnout
B. Symptoms of depression
C. Symptoms of anxiety
Predictors for recovery of symptoms of burnout
Predictors | 6 months | 12 months | 18 months | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
n
2
| RR | 95% CI | RR | 95% CI | RR | 95% CI | |
Age | |||||||
-young (18-39) | 67 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||
-old (40-66) | 103 | 1.00 | 0.63-1.57 | 1.14 | 0.76-1.71 | 1.02 | 0.69-1.49 |
Sex | |||||||
-men | 57 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||
-women | 113 | 0.93 | 0.58-1.49 | 1.03 | 0.68-1.56 | 1.11 | 0.74-1.67 |
Education3
| |||||||
-higher | 121 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||
-lower | 49 | 1.37 | 0.86-2.20 | 1.27 | 0.84-1.92 | 0.99 | 0.65-1.50 |
Symptom duration | |||||||
- < 1 year | 69 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||
- > 1 year | 101 | 0.63 | 0.40-0.99 | 0.62 | 0.42-0.92 | 0.81 | 0.55-1.18 |
Clinical depression | |||||||
-No | 33 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||
-Yes | 137 | 0.63 | 0.38-1.04 | 0.77 | 0.49-1.21 | 0.84 | 0.54-1.32 |