Dr. Roy Walford, M.D. Professor Emeritus of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine at UCLA, died on April 27, 2004 after a long battle with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. He joined UCLA's faculty in 1954 and became Professor of Pathology in 1966. He is widely regarded as a pioneer in the study of the biology of aging. He and his colleagues have made major contributions to several areas of experimental gerontology including caloric restriction, immunological aging and the role of body temperature reduction in aging retardation. Early in his career he was also a leader in the study of histocompatibility systems. Last year a special issue of Experimental Gerontology was dedicated to Roy Walford. In that volume, the comments of several colleagues with whom Roy interacted in fundamental areas of immunology provided evidence of the admiration and respect with which he was viewed. For example, the eminent Nobel Laureate, Professor Jean Dausset, honored for his contributions to the field of human leukocyte antigen biology, which is central to immune function, described Roy as "brilliant..... original....lucid visionary of the future" [
1]. Dr. Edwin Cooper expressed his gratitude for the novel contributions to immunosenescence derived from his interactions with Roy in the study of lower animals and phylogenetic analyses [
2]. The collaboration between Roy and Dr. G.B. Ferrara in identifying the so-called "Merrit alloantigen system", now known as MHC Class II, were of fundamental importance in both transplant immunology and more recently, in understanding antigen presentation. Dr. Ferrara described Roy as "an extraordinary man: genius, scientist, philosopher, artist, predictor of the events of our time" [
3]. This unusual foresight and intuition probably played a role in the fact, as stated by immunologist Dr. Richard Miller, that Roy was among the first "to note and promote the powers of modern immunological approaches as tools for the analysis of ageing" [
4]. Thus, Roy has played a pivotal role in numerous and varied aspects of immunology and immunological ageing. His contributions to gerontological research were truly remarkable in their depth and innovation. Significantly, most of the areas that he pioneered during his illustrious research career remain the "hot" areas of current gerontological research. In this sense, he has achieved the most important type of immortality. His death was a major personal and professional loss to numerous scientists within the gerontological community.
On this first anniversary of Roy's death, it is highly fitting to remember him by briefly reviewing the contributions of Roy Walford to this important facet of gerontology, by this new journal devoted to Immunity & Ageing. Indeed, it was Roy who actually first coined the commonly used term "immunosenescence". In 1969, Roy Walford published his landmark book, "The Immunologic Theory of Aging" [
5], which has now become a classic. This book, together with his 1961 National Institutes of Health grant on "The role of immune phenomena in the ageing process", which was continuously funded for nearly 40 years, formed the basis for many of today's ideas about immunological ageing. Briefly, Roy hypothesized that the normal process of ageing in man and in all animals is pathogenetically related to faulty immune processes. This notion has proven to be prophetic. Indeed, in humans, numerous clinical studies show significant correlations between specific immune functional traits and early mortality, irrespective of the cause of death [
6,
7]. Moreover, even in C. elegans, longevity is associated with increased resistance to bacteria [
8], underscoring the evolutionarily-conserved link between immunity and lifespan.