Background
Design & methods
Study population
Intervention
Data collection
Change in knowledge, beliefs and self-efficacy to taper benzodiazepines
Analysis
Characteristics | All (N = 261) | MCI (n = 122) | Normal cognition (n = 139) |
p-value |
---|---|---|---|---|
Female, n (%) | 187 (71.6) | 90 (73.8) | 97 (69.8) | .494 |
Age years, Mean (SD) | 74.4 (6.3) | 75.3 (6.7) | 73.7 (5.8) | .08 |
Education – college or university degree, n (%) | 67 (25.6) | 21 (17.2) | 46 (33.1) | .003* |
Living alone, n (%) | 137 (52.4) | 75 (61.5) | 62 (44.6) | .01* |
MOCAb, Mean score (SD) | 24.5 (2.4) | 23.3 (1.4) | 27.4 (1.3) | .000* |
General health status (poor or fair), n (%) | 88 (32.8) | 49 (32.8) | 44 (31.7) | .895 |
Comorbidities, Mean (SD) | 7.4 (2.5) | 7.2 (2.4) | 7.6 (2.7) | .335 |
Self-reported indication for benzodiazepine: | ||||
Insomniac, n (%) | 159 (60.9) | 73 (59.8) | 86 (61.9) | .417 |
Anxietyc, n (%) | 126 (48.3) | 70 (57.4) | 56 (40.3) | .006* |
Duration of benzodiazepine use (years), Mean (SD) | 10.7 (8.8) | 10.3 (8.0) | 10.9 (9.4) | .548 |
Previous attempts at cessation, n (%) | 119 (45.6) | 52 (42.6) | 67 (48.2) | .321 |
Successful attempts, n (%) | 41 (15.7) | 14 (11.5) | 27 (19.4) | .123 |
Benzodiazepine typed, n (%): | ||||
Short-acting | 70 (26.8) | 36 (29.5) | 34 (24.5) | .358 |
Intermediate acting | 180 (70.0) | 81 (66.4) | 99 (71.2) | .400 |
Long acting | 11 (4.2) | 5 (4.1) | 6 (4.3) | .888 |
Benzodiazepine Equivalent dosea, Mean (SD) | 1.24 (.85) | 1.27 (.75) | 1.25 (.82) | .571 |
Number of medications at baseline | 9.86 (3.7) | 9.72 (3.8) | 9.98 (3.6) | .574 |
Baseline Self-efficacy in tapering benzodiazepine (/100), Mean (SD) | 38.1 (35.6) | 31.2 (34.8) | 44.1 (35.4) | .004* |
Results
Primary outcome | All (n = 261) (n, %) | MCI (n = 122) (n, %) | Normal cognition (n = 139) (n, %) | Univariable OR (95% CI) | Multivariable OR (95% CI)a
|
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Cessation | 92 (35.2) | 39 (32.0) | 53 (38.1) | 0.76 [.46–1.27] | .79 [.45–1.38] |
Dose Reduction | 28 (10.7) | 16 (13.1) | 12 (8.6) | 1.60 [.72–3.53] | 2.04 [.86–4.83] |
Cessation + Dose Reduction | 120 (45.9) | 55 (45.1) | 65 (46.8) | .94 [.57–1.52] | 1.07 [.62–1.83] |
Process Outcomes | |||||
Improvement in knowledge | 157 (60.2) | 75 (61.5) | 82 (59.0) | 1.11 [.68–1.82] | 1.06 [.62–1.80] |
Change in beliefs | 147 (56.3) | 67 (54.9) | 80 (57.6) | .89 [.54–1.47] | .84 [.48–1.43] |
Improved self-efficacy for tapering | 144 (55.2) | 68 (55.7) | 76 (54.7) | 1.04 [.64–1.70] | .89 [.52–1.54] |
Discussed intervention with a physician | 102 (39.1) | 43 (35.2) | 59 (42.6) | .73 [.44–1.22] | .75 [.43–1.32] |
Discussed intervention with a pharmacist | 55 (21.1) | 26 (21.3) | 29 (20.8) | 1.02 [.57–1.86] | .89 [.46–1.72] |
Experienced withdrawal symptoms during cessation | 31 (11.9) | 12 (9.8) | 19 (13.7) | .69 [.32–1.49] | .60 [.27–1.35] |