Introduction
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1. The experience of carers in using AT in the care of persons with dementia and.
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2. The impact of AT on carers well-being and daily life.
Ethics and patient and public involvement
Methods
Study Design
Sequential explanatory mixed-method study:
Participants
Data collection
Data analysis
Quantitative data analysis
Qualitative data analysis
Mixing analysis
Results
Sex | N | % | |
Women | 131 | 65.2 | |
Men | 65 | 32.3 | |
Other | 1 | 0.5 | |
Living arrangements | Living with person with dementia | 103 | 51.2 |
Living away from person with dementia | 98 | 48.8 | |
Ethnicity | White | 186 | 92.5 |
Indian/Indian British | 4 | 2 | |
Mixed/multiple ethnic groups | 3 | 1.5 | |
Other | 1 | 0.5 | |
Marital status | Single | 17 | 8.5 |
Married/civil partnership | 158 | 78.6 | |
Divorced/legally dissolved civil partnership | 22 | 10.9 | |
Widowed/surviving partner | 3 | 1.5 | |
Highest level of education | |||
Secondary school | 8 | 4.0 | |
College (further education) | 58 | 28.9 | |
Undergraduate university degree | 76 | 37.8 | |
Postgraduate university degree | 51 | 25.4 | |
Other | 8 | 4.0 | |
Annual family income | Less than £10,000 | 7 | 3.5 |
£10,001—£40,000 | 86 | 42.7 | |
£40,001—£70,000 | 49 | 24.4 | |
Greater than £70,000 | 11 | 5.5 | |
I do not wish to say | 47 | 23.4 | |
Relationship to person with dementia | Child | 110 | 54.7 |
Sibling | 3 | 1.5 | |
Friend | 2 | 1.0 | |
Neighbour | 1 | 0.5 | |
Spouse | 72 | 35.8 | |
Grandchild | 3 | 1.5 | |
Other | 10 | 5.0 | |
Age (Minimum – Maximum); Mean (SD) | 33—92 Years; 61.67 (12.07) |
% of responses based on AT currently in use | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Not at all helpful | A little helpful | Quite helpful | Helpful | Very helpful | |||
AT helps in reducing effort (n = 200) | 8.8 | 27.2 | 16.5 | 25.0 | 22.5 | ||
AT helps in reducing stress (n = 194) | 5 | 21.1 | 11.0 | 23.9 | 39.0 | ||
AT helps in reducing anxiety (n = 200) | 7.0 | 19.4 | 12.0 | 23.0 | 38.6 | ||
AT helps make caring role easier (n = 198) | 7.2 | 26.4 | 10.8 | 30.8 | 24.8 | ||
AT reduces need for additional paid care (n = 123) | 32.2 | 11.9 | 10.0 | 21.1 | 24.9 | ||
AT helps reduce harm/potential harm (n = 198) | 32.5 | 16.4 | 7.4 | 15.7 | 28.0 | ||
Deteriorated a lot | Deteriorated a little | Not changed | Improved a little | Improved a lot | |||
Care provided for a person with dementia changed (n = 198) | 4.0 | 3.6 | 48.3 | 32.6 | 11.5 | ||
Extremely dissatisfied | Somewhat dissatisfied | Neither satisfied/dissatisfied | Somewhat satisfied | Extremely satisfied | |||
Overall satisfaction with AT | 1.0 | 1.0 | 7.5 | 55.2 | 34.8 | ||
Less than 5 AT used (N) | 1.3 (1) | 0 (0) | 17.3 (13) | 54.7 (41) | 26.7 (20) | ||
Five or more AT used (N) | 0.8 (1) | 1.6 (2) | 1.6 (2) | 56.0 (70) | 40.0 (50) | ||
Value | df | Asymptotic Significance (2-sided) | |||||
Pearson chi-square | 19.200 | 4 | 0.001 | ||||
Physical and Mental health component scores | PCS | MCS | |||||
N | Mean | 95% CI | Mean | 95% CI | |||
SF-12 Scores | 201 | 49.19 | 47.75 – 50.63 | 45.37 | 43.93 – 46.80 | ||
Age Groups | < 45 | 20 | 54.78 | 52.53 – 57.02 | 49.52 | 45.37 – 53.68 | |
46–65 | 105 | 51.62 | 49.81 – 53.43 | 43.76 | 41.70 – 45.82 | ||
> 66 | 76 | 44.37 | 41.88 – 46.86 | 46.49 | 44.22 – 48.75 | ||
p | 0.000 | 0.012 | |||||
Sex | Men | 65 | 49.28 | 46.67 – 51.89 | 49.23 | 47.35 – 51.10 | |
Women | 131 | 49.10 | 47.32 – 50.88 | 43.37 | 41.46 – 45.29 | ||
p | 0.536 | 0.002 | |||||
Living arrangements | Living with the person with dementia | 103 | 46.18 | 43.93 – 48.43 | 44.69 | 42.69 – 46.69 | |
Living away from the person with dementia | 98 | 52.36 | 50.78 – 53.94 | 46.08 | 43.98 – 48.17 | ||
p | < 0.001 | 0.244 | |||||
Relationship to person with dementia | Child | 110 | 51.74 | 50.08 – 53.51 | 44.38 | 42.34 – 46.42 | |
Sibling | 3 | 39.13 | 9.67 – 68.58 | 52.61 | 48.80 – 56.42 | ||
Friend | 2 | 57.48 | 44.27 – 70.70 | 51.75 | 29.26 – 74.24 | ||
Spouse | 72 | 44.86 | 42.17 – 47.54 | 46.27 | 44.00 – 48.54 | ||
Grandchild | 3 | 57.80 | 50.22 – 65.37 | 49.56 | 24.03 – 75.10 | ||
Other | 10 | 50.59 | 44.74 – 56.44 | 44.16 | 35.45 – 52.88 | ||
p | < 0.001 | 0.436 | |||||
Satisfaction with AT | Extremely satisfied | 70 | 48.71 | 46.32 – 51.10 | 48.26 | 46.29 – 50.22 | |
Not extremely satisfied | 130 | 49.38 | 47.54 – 51.21 | 43.94 | 42.04 – 45.85 | ||
P | 0.720 | 0.010 | |||||
Number of AT being used | Less than 5 AT | 76 | 49.20 | 46.95 – 51.46 | 46.16 | 43.88 – 48.44 | |
5 or more AT | 125 | 49.19 | 47.30 – 51.08 | 44.88 | 43.02 – 46.75 | ||
p | 0.757 | 0.561 |
ID | Age Range | Gender | Relationship | Ethnicity | Living arrangements | Assistive Technology used | PCS Score | MCS Score | Type of dementia | Years/months since diagnosis |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 71–80 | Female | Wife | White | Living with person with dementia | Laptop; cooker alarm; smart phone; stove timer | 23.11 | 52.03 | Vascular dementia | Two years |
2 | 51–60 | Male | Son | White | Weekly visits | Audio books; automatic night lamp; dementia clock; GPS tracker; large button telephone; object locator; pendant alarm; picture button telephone; smart phone; web camera | 57.23 | 55.92 | Alzheimer’s dementia | Eighteen months |
3 | 71–80 | Female | Wife | White | Living with person with dementia | Audio books; laptop; dementia clock; falls alarm; GPS tracker; pendant alarm; tablet computer; Alexa; web camera | 54.37 | 42.29 | Alzheimer’s dementia | Three years |
4 | 51–60 | Female | Daughter | White | Living with person with dementia | Automatic night lamp; laptop; smart gas meter; smart lights; tablet computer; web camera | 38.48 | 22.51 | Unsure | Ten years |
5 | 71–80 | Female | Wife | White | Living with person with dementia | Electronic reminders; large button telephone; smart phone; tablet computer; video communication | 39.90 | 35.17 | Alzheimer’s dementia | Four years |
6 | 61–70 | Female | Daughter | White | Living with person with dementia | Falls alarm; CCTV; GPS tracker; door alarm; memory clock; movement sensor; picture button telephone; web camera | 57.12 | 26.40 | Mixed dementia | Eight years |
7 | 81–90 | Male | Husband | White | Living with person with dementia | Laptop; dementia clock; community alarm; smartphone; video communications | 52.83 | 47.95 | Alzheimer’s dementia | Three years, six months |
8 | 61–70 | Female | Daughter | White | Living with person with dementia | Laptop; memory clock; tablet computer; video communications | 55.91 | 55.86 | Mixed dementia | One year |
9 | 61–70 | Female | Wife | White | Living with person with dementia | Automatic night lamp; baby monitor; laptop; cooker alarm; dementia clock; smart phone; stove timer; video communications; web camera; satnav in car | 53.95 | 47.56 | Mixed dementia | Six years |
10 | 61–70 | Female | Daughter | White | Daily visits | Electric bed; dementia clock; falls alarm; GPS tracker; Large button telephone; simple radio | 62.47 | 28.33 | Alzheimer’s dementia | Four years |
11 | 61–70 | Female | Wife | White | Living with person with dementia | Electric bed; memory clock; pendant alarm | 34.54 | 47.69 | Vascular dementia | Three years |
12 | 61–70 | Female | Daughter | White | Visits every three weeks | Electric bed; stand aid | 50.91 | 50.12 | Unsure | Four years |
13 | 71–80 | Male | Husband | White | Living with person with dementia | Baby monitor; laptop; electric bed; smart gas meter; smart phone; video comms; Hoist; Wheelchair; WAV vehicle | 55.50 | 57.82 | Fronto-temporal dementia | Eleven years |
14 | 61–70 | Female | Daughter | White | Daily visits | Laptop; dementia clock; GPS tracker; large button telephone; memory clock; pendant alarm; smart gas meter; smart phone; smart watch; video communications | 57.99 | 43.30 | Alzheimer’s dementia | Seven years |
15 | 51–60 | Non-binary | Friend | Other | Daily visits | Laptop; electronic reminders; large button telephone; video communications; web camera | 56.44 | 49.98 | Parkinson’s Dementia | One year, three months |
16 | 61–70 | Female | Wife | White | Living with person with dementia | Assistive robot; automatic night lamp; laptop; electronic reminders; GPS tracker; smart phone; tablet computer; video communications; Alexa | 24.31 | 35.38 | Alzheimer’s dementia | Four years |
17 | 71–80 | Female | Wife | White | Living with person with dementia | Laptop; cooker alarm; falls alarm; pendant alarm; smart gas meter; smart phone; smart plugs; stove timer; tablet computer; video communications; Alexa; web camera | 33.30 | 27.00 | Vascular dementia | Twelve years |
18 | 71–80 | Female | Wife | White | Living with person with dementia | Pendant alarm | 44.47 | 38.91 | Lewy body dementia | Seven years |
19 | 51–60 | Female | Daughter | White | Living with person with dementia | Audio book; laptop; dementia clock; GPS tracker; object locator; smart gas meter; smart phone; tablet computer | 62.85 | 26.05 | Alzheimer’s dementia | Two years |
20 | 71–80 | Male | Husband + Son-in-law | White | Living with person with dementia (wife). Mother-in-law recently moved to nursing home | Cooker alarm; dementia clock; GPS tracker; smart gas meter; smart lights; smartphone; tablet computer; video communications; ELK lifting cushion | 51.21 | 33.58 | Behaviour variant fronto-temporal dementia (wife) + Vascular dementia (mother-in-law) | Four years (wife) Unsure (mother-in-law) |
21 | 51–60 | Female | Daughter + stepdaughter | White | Weekly visits (mother recently moved to nursing home) | Falls alarm; Large button phone; memory clock; pendant alarm; picture button telephone; Video communications | 60.39 | 27.12 | Alzheimer’s dementia (mother) + Vascular dementia (stepdad) | Five years |
22 | 51–60 | Female | Daughter | White | Daily visits | Dementia clock; door alarm; tracking device; GPS tracker; memory clock; smart phone | 49.85 | 43.63 | Alzheimer’s dementia | Four years, six months |
23 | 51–60 | Female | Daughter | White | Daily visits | Electric bed; smart lights; tablet comp; video communications; Alexa; movement detector | 50.88 | 17.41 | Mixed dementia | Two years |
Themes
Theme | Sub-theme | Example quote 1 | Example quote 2 | Example quote 3 |
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Use of AT | Staggered purchase and use of AT | we got things as, as she worsened [Participant 2] | Well as we got problems we found these technological solutions to enable us to continue to care for him at home [Participant 23] | Yeah. I, I got them, I think, gradually as Mum's condition progressed … I was trying to maintain her independence as long as possible [Participant 6] |
Ease of using AT | I think it’s [electric bed], it’s much more help than, than anything else, no. I mean, we, we couldn’t … As I say, because she still can cooperate with using it [Participant 12] | I mean, I am very, I’m, I’m not au fait, au fait with it all but what I do know I’m, I’m able to use quite efficiently [Participant 4] | His own phone, he’s okay answering it and doing the odd text with one word. I, I, I’ve got to admit, though, his iPad has been beneficial to him [Participant 5] | |
Problems using AT | She would take it [pendant alarm] off from her neck and just throw it onto the settee which activated the alarm [Participant 14] | But there was, there was at one point the, the hoist that, it hadn’t charged and so he got stuck half-way [Participant 18] | [There is a]GPS tracker on her phone but after a while she forgot to, to take her phone with her, so when she went walkabout we had no idea where she was, and that was something that was really problematic [Participant 2] | |
Satisfaction with AT | Ability of the PwD | She’s got rheumatoid arthritis [Participant 15] | She’s got quite severe depression… She won’t come downstairs, she refuses, she won’t go out in the garden. She’s in that room and that is it [Participant 4] | She can’t remedy any mistakes that she makes. She gets very frustrated, she panics and then she presses all sorts of buttons and then calls us [Participant 14] |
Problem solving | I’ve got a little key finder, which I call my mum finder, and I always take that out with us as well and slip it in her pocket or something, and again it’s on a lanyard so she will play with it, and it’s just more if we get separated [Participant 19] | What we did instead was use the pad, these pressure pads that you put under the seat, under the cushion. So as he started to get up out of the chair, it would, it’s wireless…the beep would go off and I could go and make sure he was okay. [Participant 23] | Well, I can, I can use it, but I don’t find any technology particularly easy. I’ve always got to sit and think through it, you know? [Participant 10] | |
Strengthened relationships | That [CCTV camera] has helped because, and obviously being able to see him, helps him because he thinks, yes, there’s people out there that care about him [Participant 23] | I think it’s [AT], it’s maintained a very close and stable relationship that was always there. It’s, it’s just experienced in a different way [Participant 7] | It [Youtube on tablet computer] has helped me and mum because instead of just sitting there keeping her occupied, and doing puzzles and, and chatting and watching, we’ve been able to do the tai chi [Participant 10] | |
Impact of AT on carers | Physical wellbeing | It affected me physically because I ended up having to either lift him up or help him into bed or get him into bed, or get him into a wheelchair, get him into the car [Participant 18] | I do a little workout routine with Mum in the morning to YouTube [Participant 19] | Physically, without that [electric bed and hoist] assistance, I could not have managed [Participant 13] |
Mental wellbeing | ‘…Zoom or WhatsApp or Skype have had a tremendous help, otherwise the impact would have been significantly greater’ (Participant 10, Daughter, Visits daily) | I can't begin to tell you what, you know, how much, how much, how helpful they [GPS tracker, movement sensor] were and how much anxiety they took away. [Participant 6] | I tend to use the technology for my own amusement at times [Participant 20] | |
Social wellbeing | It [Smart phone and tablet computer], it’s absolutely helped to sustain my social life [Participant 17] | Yes, it’s helped there [socialising] definitely…it does mean that one person can look after my dad at a time, rather than two people being there if you need to do lots of things [Participant 23] | We can communicate with our daughter and grandson in [city] via WhatsApp or anything and actually see them while we’re talking to them which has obviously made a difference if she does that [Participant 7] | |
AT use in daily life | Coping with caring | Yes, we wouldn’t be able to function at all without those [Electric bed; memory clock; pendant alarm] [Participant 11] | You know, when you have worked out routes for him to take, the length of time it takes him to walk [using the GPS tracker] and basically if he not back within that time then I, then I would have to go and see what’s happening [Participant 16] | I could go out more often, and maybe not going more than a quarter of an hour from home or something like that, so I could get back if a problem arose [find out using the CCTV camera, smartphone] or, or I could ring the next door neighbours and say, ‘Please go and sort her out’ [Participant 20] |
Person with dementia using AT | He watches television which is good for stimulating him but he can’t use the remote control, so he relies on me to sort of get it all set up for him [Participant 11] | When she comes over to us in the evening then we will, do a Zoom or we’ll do a, a Facetime or, a WhatsApp with our children so that she can see them, but left to her own devices she couldn’t do it [Participant 14] | An internet device which calls my phone if she has a fall or if she wants to get in touch and she can talk to me over it. It’s [community alarm] becoming less and less useful, because she can’t do anything … she can’t go anywhere on her own [Participant 7] | |
Simple devices | We have a visual calendar in his, in his kitchen that we write things on that are happening and he really likes that [Participant 21] | So, my idea is to keep regular photos of the family where possible so that she’s aware of how they are changing and who they are [Participant 8] | The key safe outside, it means if at all necessary, if she forgot. Well, she wouldn’t know how to use it, but we would always have a key if, if we had to run up in an emergency or something, there would be a key there [Participant 10] | |
Wider support systems | Support from others | it’s [formal carer visits] a, it’s a safety net and it also enables mum to see somebody else [Participant 14] | I now have a private carer who comes to help me one hour in the morning Mondays to Fridays and one hour in the evening Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday just to give me a hand [Participant 9] | Even though there is a carer there as well moving her and doing a lot of things needs two people now [Participant 12] |
Ethical issues | The [GPS] tracker, she doesn’t know what it is. I sneak it on her with her sunflower lanyard when we have to go in shops [Participant 19] | We didn’t tell him what it was for, we just said that there was a button on it that he could press if he needed us and it would ring on the phone here. But we didn’t actually tell him that we knew where he was going or that we could see where he was because he wouldn’t have accepted it [Participant 22] | I think personal security, personal secrecy worries me a little bit on that front [Participant 20] |
Use of AT
“The clock was one of the first things that I got because she really struggled with time and day”. [Participant 19, Daughter, Living with person with dementia]
“Well, I already had the laptop…and she started using it for memory [games]”. [Participant 13, Husband, Living with person with dementia]
“The increase in [motion sensor] alarms has gone on as he has deteriorated and that is really because of the danger of him falling downstairs...it’s had to be a gradual, a gradual putting-in and I’ve still, you know, I’ve still got one or two things, one or two plugs that I need to change on the Hive [smart home technology] system.” [Participant 17, Wife, Living with person with dementia]
“I think in all honesty I’d have liked to have had that one [CCTV cameras] before but didn’t really know what would be suitable and again, lacked the technological know-how to say how do I sort this out.” [Participant 9, Wife, Living with person with dementia]
“The tile [object locator] certainly helped so that remotely we could make them [objects] buzz for her and that made it easier to find things”. [Participant 2, Son, Visits weekly]
“she’s supposed to press [pendant alarm] if she falls? But she, she can’t remember what it’s there for. She puts it on religiously, it’s like putting on jewellery. But the twice she has fallen in the house, she’s never pressed it”. [Participant 10, Daughter, Visits daily]
“I think I’ve done extremely well with it [AT] but I’ve possibly … It, it would have been useful to have some access to education about that”. [Participant 9, Wife, Living with person with dementia]
“I mean, all the equipment’s large, but that [electric hoist] is really cumbersome”. [Participant 18, Wife, Living with person with dementia]
“Now the problem with the electronic alarm, the electronical alarm watch lasted about four months and then it got dropped in the bath by [person with dementia]”. [Participant 15, Friend, Visits daily]
“The GPS [tracker], that is a right pain because it has to be charged up every night”. [Participant 20, Husband, Living with person with dementia]“But, again, because, you know, you’ve got to have the angles and, and everything right and sitting comfortably, that [video phone call] works up to an extent, but I think after a while when we’ve, we’ve done the [video] call she’s sort of asking, “Well ...” you know, “... where are they?” She can’t sort of understand the concept of what’s going on”. [Participant 8, Daughter, Living with person with dementia]
“Perhaps if they [AT developers] just sought a bit of feedback, we could help them just alter things a little bit, you know, not, not greatly, just to make things even more accessible for people and, and for us”. [Participant 10, Daughter, Visits daily]
Satisfaction with AT
“We use it [electric bed] as unfortunately she’s also got severe osteoarthritis”. [Participant 12, Daughter, Visits every three weeks].
“The first years [since diagnosis] were in some ways more difficult because she was still active and would go walkabout… She then broke her hip and that was it, her mobility went. She wouldn’t bear weight thereafter…so we had to use these equipment [electric bed and hoist]”. [Participant 13, Husband, Living with person with dementia]
“So, he quite likes walking and getting about and I can’t no longer do the length of walk that he would like so we use the tracker [GPS tracker device]”. [Participant 3, Wife, Living with person with dementia]
“He used, he really lost the ability to use a computer [cognitive reasons], but he could, he did until maybe 18 months ago [now no longer using], cause his eyesight really was getting worse, he used a Kindle [eBook reader]”. [Participant 18, Wife, Living with person with dementia]
“So, she has one friend where he phones her up and he painstakingly talks her through how to get into Skype on the computer…then he can hang up and they can have a conversation ‘cause he lives in Germany’”. [Participant 15, Friend, Visits, Daily]
“He’s got some, a couple of photographs and my number, and my daughter’s number [on the smart phone]. And we had other things on it but we’ve had to limit it to that [two numbers] because he can manage to, to press and ring with those two [being] very visible, but that’s now what we’ve had to reduce it down to”. [Participant 17, Wife, Living with person with dementia]
“I suppose he [person with dementia], because it’s, he’s not able to communicate that well now, but hopefully it helps him to realise that I am coping and keeping him safe with the equipment that we use”. [Participant 11, Wife, Living with person with dementia]
“We can sit down and watch something together [on tablet computer] and, and engage with it, and, you know…and stuff and we can have a giggle and then you end up talking about old neighbours or old family members. So, yes, it does help”. [Participant 19, Daughter, Living with person with dementia]
Impact of AT on carers
“As for myself, I haven’t got very good health. I’m suffering from very bad back pain”. [Participant 1, Wife, Living with person with dementia]
“I mean, I have picked him up and ended up in hospital because I had done the disc in my back”. [Participant 17, Wife, Living with person with dementia]
“Even things like, you know, my diet is affected, because he has to be fed completely and his ability to chew and swallow is, is impaired. So, therefore I tend to think, “Oh, well, I’ll eat just whatever he’s eating”. [Participant 9, Wife, Living with person with dementia]
“It’s certainly taken the strain off of my body, off my muscles and off my back. So it’s been a great help, both the [electric] bed and the hoist”. [Participant 11, Wife, Living with person with dementia]
“So I can fall asleep better [carer using door alarm for wandering alerts]”. [Participant 22, Daughter, Visits daily]
“So it created a huge amount of stress as Mum was deteriorating being on her own all the time”. [Participant 19, Daughter, Living with person with dementia]
“My son, he has [Diagnosis], so at home it can be quite stressful at home at times”. [Participant 21, Stepdaughter, Visits weekly]
“So, it means we know that she’s taken her tablets. We know that there’s music if she wants to. We know she can use the bed”. [Participant 10, Daughter, Visits daily]
“I would be lost without my technology, socially, mentally I need it…I still run a [virtual] group but I also am able to join other groups”. [Participant 17, Wife, Living with person with dementia]
“Well, I think it’s just that I can entertain Mum [using tablet computer] so that I can have some time to just catch up on paperwork or make a phone call”. [Participant 19, Daughter, Living with person with dementia]
“So, having the Facetime or the WhatsApp [on smart phone] has been very good, so she can see them [family] and keep, keep in touch”. [Participant 14, Daughter, Visits daily]
“We were still able to use assistive technology [GPS tracker, web camera] while mobile so that we could, we could still go out and about and be able to get the alarms or the, the contact if there was an issue [Participant 2, Son, Visits weekly].
AT use in daily life
“We would look at the cameras if we were uncertain whether she had eaten fully”. [Participant 2, Son, Visits weekly]
“Well, all of them [CCTV, movement sensor, door alarm] become integrated. I mean I've got the front, the exit monitors on all the time… because, you know, you can't be in the same room as them [person with dementia] all the time, can you?”. [Participant 6, Daughter, Living with person with dementia]
“So, we’ve just resorted to checking her frequently [using CCTV], having the carer check her once a day … that’s the best thing that we can do … Oh, it’s, well, the monitoring of it has taken over our life”. [Participant 14, Daughter, Visits daily]
“Despite the fact it has the day and the date [dementia clock] she [Person with dementia] still sits and asks what day it is … so, we say, ‘Well, have a look at the clock’… the radio, I thought it would be more useful than it is. It’s all, it’s quite easy to set up, but I think with all of these things, they all require lots of support from somebody else”. [Participant 10, Daughter, Visits daily]
“When the alarm goes off, she goes, ‘What’s that, what’s that noise?’ ‘It’s your alarm watch, are you gonna switch it off?’… ‘No, no’ and she just wouldn’t switch it off, she wouldn’t do anything with it” [Participant 15, Friend, Visits daily]
“I also write our shopping lists on there [white board] so, anything we’ve run out of I write on there, or [Person with dementia] writes on there. So, we, we write our shopping list out and then I’ll wipe it all off afterwards. So, it is very, very handy”. [Participant 1, Wife, Living with person with dementia]
“And I’d adapted a seven-day pill box to make, you know, to, to make sure there’s, that each compartment is one particular time [adapting electronic pill dispenser]”. [Participant 15, Friend, Visits daily]
Wider support systems
“I know Social Services do not allow the [electric] hoist to be used by a single person. Well, all the carers that I know we all did it on our own because there wasn’t anybody else”. [Participant 13, Husband, Living with person with dementia]
“We managed to get a [paid] carer to come in two days a week for three hours so I had a little bit of relief…so it’s had a dramatic effect on my life”. [Participant 4, Daughter, Living with person with dementia]
“Although, most of it [GP consultation] is done over the phone now. And of course, you know, there was one, there’s been several calls where you had to log into a website…in order to have the [virtual] face to face consultation, which has been really complicated…there’s no way she would have done that on her own”. [Participant 15, Friend, Visits daily]
“At the moment she thinks that it [GPS tracker] controls her house-key. She doesn’t realise it’s a tracker. So, she never ever leaves it because she knows she can’t get back in the house”. [Participant 14, Daughter, Visits daily]
“So, we’ve got, we set up internal cameras with her full knowledge and agreement but I don’t think she remembered about those after a while”. [Participant 2, Son, Visits weekly]
“Those smart speakers are a brilliant idea in theory, but I feel very unhappy about the idea that every single sound that goes into that thing [smart home system] goes back in some form or another to whoever”. [Participant 20, Husband, Living with person with dementia]