Introduction
Materials and methods
Study design and population
Sampling methods
Questionnaire and data collection
Statistical analysis
Results
Participant characteristics
Characteristic | Total (n = 5411) | Gaza Strip (n = 2278) | WBJ (n = 3133) | p-value |
---|---|---|---|---|
Age, median [IQR] | 32 [24, 44] | 30 [24, 40] | 34 [25, 46] | < 0.001 |
Age group, n (%) | ||||
18 to 44 | 4151 (76.7) | 1872 (82.2) | 2279 (72.2) | < 0.001 |
45 or older | 1260 (23.3) | 406 (17.8) | 854 (27.3) | |
Menarche, n (%) | ||||
Early (≤ 10 years) | 65 (1.2) | 20 (0.9) | 45 (1.4) | < 0.001 |
Normal (11–15 years) | 4658 (86.1) | 1923 (84.4) | 2735 (87.3) | |
Late (≥ 16 years) | 688 (12.7) | 335 (14.7) | 353 (11.3) | |
Educational level, n (%) | ||||
Illiterate | 76 (1.4) | 20 (0.9) | 56 (1.8) | < 0.001 |
Primary | 321 (5.9) | 89 (3.9) | 232 (7.4) | |
Preparatory | 786 (14.5) | 313 (13.7) | 473 (15.1) | |
Secondary | 1833 (33.9) | 908 (39.9) | 925 (29.5) | |
Diploma | 586 (10.8) | 236 (10.4) | 350 (11.2) | |
Bachelor | 1723 (31.8) | 692 (30.3) | 1031 (32.9) | |
Postgraduate | 86 (1.7) | 20 (0.9) | 66 (2.1) | |
Occupation, n (%) | ||||
Housewife | 3671 (67.8) | 1837 (80.6) | 1834 (58.5) | < 0.001 |
Employed | 1095 (20.2) | 254 (11.2) | 841 (26.8) | |
Retired | 47 (0.9) | 9 (0.4) | 38 (1.2) | |
Student | 598 (11.1) | 178 (7.8) | 420 (13.5) | |
Monthly income ≥ 1450 NIS, n (%) | 3330 (61.5) | 474 (20.8) | 2856 (91.2) | < 0.001 |
Having a chronic disease, n (%) | 1097 (20.3) | 350 (15.4) | 747 (23.8) | < 0.001 |
Knowing someone with cancer, n (%) | 2746 (50.8) | 1104 (48.5) | 1642 (52.4) | 0.016 |
Marital status, n (%) | ||||
Single | 1248 (23.1) | 374 (16.4) | 874 (27.9) | < 0.001 |
Married | 3952 (73.0) | 1836 (80.6) | 2116 (67.5) | |
Divorced | 88 (1.6) | 33 (1.4) | 55 (1.8) | |
Widowed | 123 (2.3) | 35 (1.6) | 88 (2.8) | |
Site of data collection, n (%) | ||||
Public Spaces | 1645 (30.4) | 596 (26.2) | 1049 (33.5) | < 0.001 |
Hospitals | 1735 (32.1) | 650 (28.5) | 1085 (34.6) | |
Primary healthcare centers | 2031 (37.5) | 1032 (45.3) | 999 (31.9) |
Confidence and recognition of OC symptoms
Category of Symptom | Symptom | Total (n = 5411) n (%) | Gaza Strip (n = 2278) n (%) | WBJ (n = 3133) n (%) | p-value |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Symptoms with pain | Persistent low back pain | 3096 (57.2) | 1342 (58.9) | 1754 (56.0) | 0.032 |
Persistent pain in the pelvis | 2799 (51.7) | 1125 (49.4) | 1674 (53.4) | 0.003 | |
Persistent pain in the abdomen | 2617 (48.4) | 1079 (47.4) | 1538 (49.1) | 0.21 | |
Other symptoms | Extreme generalized fatigue | 3821 (70.6) | 1621 (71.2) | 2200 (70.2) | 0.45 |
Unexplained weight loss | 3607 (66.7) | 1552 (68.1) | 2055 (65.6) | 0.051 | |
Increased abdominal size on most days | 3252 (60.1) | 1424 (62.5) | 1828 (58.3) | 0.002 | |
Passing more urine than usual | 2614 (48.3) | 1136 (49.9) | 1478 (47.2) | 0.051 | |
Changes in bowel habit | 2206 (40.8) | 930 (40.8) | 1276 (40.7) | 0.94 | |
Persistent bloating | 2166 (40.0) | 981 (43.1) | 1185 (37.8) | < 0.001 | |
Difficulty eating on most days | 1971 (36.4) | 932 (40.9) | 1039 (33.2) | < 0.001 | |
Feeling full persistently | 1553 (28.7) | 754 (33.1) | 799 (25.5) | < 0.001 |
Good knowledge and its associated factors
Level | Total n (%) | Gaza Strip n (%) | WBJ n (%) | p-value |
---|---|---|---|---|
Poor | 1943 (35.9) | 780 (34.2) | 1163 (37.1) | < 0.001 |
Fair | 2525 (46.7) | 1020 (44.8) | 1505 (48.0) | |
Good | 943 (17.4) | 478 (21.0) | 465 (14.8) |
Characteristic | Good knowledge | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
COR (95% CI) | p-value | AOR (95% CI)* | p-value | |
Age group | ||||
18 to 44 | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref |
45 or older | 1.25 (1.07–1.47) | 0.006 | 1.14 (0.94–1.38) | 0.19 |
Menarche | ||||
Normal (11–15 years) | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref |
Early (≤ 10 years) | 1.35 (0.76–2.45) | 0.33 | 1.35 (0.74–2.49) | 0.33 |
Late (≥ 16 years) | 1.27 (1.04–1.55) | 0.021 | 1.20 (0.98–1.47) | 0.08 |
Educational level | ||||
Illiterate | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref |
Primary | 2.05 (1.01–4.18) | 0.049 | 1.89 (0.92–3.88) | 0.08 |
Preparatory | 1.75 (0.88–3.49) | 0.11 | 1.62 (0.81–3.26) | 0.17 |
Secondary | 1.51 (0.77–2.97) | 0.23 | 1.61 (0.81–3.21) | 0.18 |
Diploma | 1.03 (0.51–2.08) | 0.94 | 1.26 (0.61–2.60) | 0.53 |
Bachelor | 1.16 (0.59–2.29) | 0.66 | 1.55 (0.77–3.12) | 0.22 |
Postgraduate | 1.18 (0.48–2.86) | 0.72 | 1.68 (0.67–4.21) | 0.27 |
Occupation | ||||
Housewife | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref |
Employed | 0.64 (0.53–0.77) | < 0.001 | 0.87 (0.70–1.09) | 0.24 |
Retired | 0.48 (0.19–1.22) | 0.13 | 0.58 (0.22–1.50) | 0.26 |
Student | 0.48 (0.36–0.63) | < 0.001 | 0.77 (0.55–1.07) | 0.12 |
Monthly income | ||||
< 1450 NIS | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref |
≥ 1450 NIS | 0.64 (0.56–0.74) | < 0.001 | 0.84 (0.68–1.04) | 0.10 |
Residency | ||||
Gaza Strip | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref |
WBJ | 0.66 (0.57–0.76) | < 0.001 | 0.75 (0.61–0.93) | 0.008 |
Having a chronic disease | ||||
No | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref |
Yes | 1.20 (1.01–1.42) | 0.034 | 1.03 (0.85–1.25) | 0.76 |
Knowing someone with cancer | ||||
No | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref |
Yes | 1.44 (1.25–1.66) | < 0.001 | 1.43 (1.24–1.65) | < 0.001 |
Marital status | ||||
Single | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref |
Married | 1.82 (1.50–2.20) | < 0.001 | 1.30 (1.03–1.65) | 0.028 |
Divorced | 1.44 (0.79–2.61) | 0.23 | 1.18 (0.64–2.19) | 0.59 |
Widowed | 1.66 (1.01–2.71) | 0.045 | 1.05 (0.61–1.79) | 0.86 |
Site of data collection | ||||
Public Spaces | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref |
Hospitals | 1.66 (1.39–1.99) | < 0.001 | 1.46 (1.20–1.76) | < 0.001 |
Primary healthcare centers | 1.17 (0.98–1.41) | 0.09 | 1.05 (0.87–1.28) | 0.59 |