Background
Study 1
Methods
Item generation
Item scoring
Participants
Sample 1
Sample 2
Sample 3
Analyses
Results
Reliability
Item discrimination and difficulty
Construct validity
Sensitivity to change
Control (n = 35) | Expert (n = 16) | Intervention (n = 35) | |
---|---|---|---|
Demographics
|
N (%)
| ||
Age | |||
18-34 | 10 (31.2) | 5 (31.4) | 12 (41.4) |
35-54 | 16 (50.0) | 9 (56.3) | 15 (51.7) |
55+ | 6 (18.7) | 0 (0) | 2 (6.9) |
Female | 18 (51.4) | 11 (68.7) | 19 (54.3) |
White ethnicity | 23 (65.7) | 12 (75.0) | 25 (71.4) |
Married/civil partner | 20 (57.1) | 1 (6.3)*** | 17 (48.6) |
Employed full time | 31 (88.6) | 12 (75.0) | 30 (85.7) |
Degree or higher | 23 (65.6) | 11 (68.8) | 24 (68.6) |
Knowledge
|
Mean (SD)
| ||
Warning signs (unprompted recall) | 1.4 (1.3) | 4.9 (1.5)*** | 3.6 (1.3)*** |
Warning signs (prompted) | 5.9 (2.1) | 8.1 (0.9)*** | 7.7 (1.2)*** |
Risk factors (unprompted recall) | 0.97 (1.2) | 3.5 (1.9)*** | 4.05 (1.6)*** |
Risk factors (prompted) | 35.9 (3.7) | 43.1 (3.7)*** | 40.8 (5.5)*** |
N (%)
| |||
Age at riska
| 16 (45.7) | 14 (87.5)** | 30 (85.7)*** |
Bowel Cancer Screening Programmea
| 11 (31.4) | 15 (93.8)*** | 31 (88.6)*** |
Age people first invited for screeninga
| 4 (11.4) | 14 (87.5)*** | 23 (65.7)*** |
Lifetime riska
| 8 (22.9) | 12 (75.0)*** | 18 (51.4)* |
Mean
| |||
Total knowledgeb
| 42.9 (5.7) | 54.7 (4.3)*** | 51.4 (5.9)*** |
Study 1 discussion
Study 2
Method
Socio-demographic characteristics
Analyses
Results
Survey sample | |
---|---|
N (%) | |
Gender
| |
Male | 703 (49.0) |
Female | 731 (51.0) |
Age
| |
16-49 | 858 (59.8) |
50 and over | 576 (40.2) |
Social Economic Group (SEG)
| |
AB | 383 (26.7) |
C1 | 423 (29.5) |
C2 | 303 (21.1) |
D | 214 (14.9) |
E | 112 (7.8) |
Marital status
| |
Married/co-habiting | 857 (59.7) |
Not married | 577 (40.2) |
Education
| |
Degree or higher | 368 (25.6) |
Below degree | 743 (51.8) |
Other | 58 (4.1) |
No formal qualifications | 253 (17.6) |
Missing | 12 (0.8) |
Ethnicity
| |
White | 1334 (87.8) |
Other | 186 (12.2) |
Awareness of warning signs and symptoms (see Table 3)
Sign/symptom | Unprompted % (n) | Prompted % (n) |
---|---|---|
Change in bowel habit | 23.1 (331) | 78.1 (1104) |
Blood in stools | 15.4 (221) | 88.6 (1253) |
Bleeding back passage | 8.7 (124) | 86.4 (1220) |
Unexplained weight loss | 4.1 (58) | 74.9 (1058) |
Pain in back passage | 3.3 (47) | 76.4 (1080) |
Tiredness | 2.0 (28) | 50.1 (707) |
Pain in abdomen | 0.3 (4) | 76.7 (1084) |
Bowel does not empty | 0.1 (1) | 47.3 (668) |
Lump in abdomen | 0 (0) | 64.4 (909) |
Awareness of risk factors (see Table 4)
Risk factor | Unprompted % (n) | Prompted % (n) |
---|---|---|
Close relative with CRC | 19.5 (280) | 65.3 (909) |
Drinking alcohol | 18.6 (266) | 46.1 (636) |
Low physical activity | 8.7 (124) | 36.9 (508) |
Overweight | 2.8 (41) | 59.1 (814) |
Older age | 2.7 (38) | 45.3 (629) |
Low fibre | 2.1 (31) | 61.0 (844) |
Red and processed meat | 0.8 (12) | 41.1 (566) |
Low fruit & vegetables | 0.8 (12) | 47.4 (663) |
Bowel disease | 0.4 (6) | 61.9 (848) |
Diabetes | 0.1 (1) | 25.8 (345) |