Background
Methods
Data
Variables
Analysis
Results
Sample characteristics
Sample | Total N = 290 | Men N = 132 | Women N = 158 | Elderly German reference population* | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Men 42.5% | Women 57.5% | ||||
Age, mean (SD) | 73.1 (5.7) | 72.5 (5.4) | 73.6 (5.8) | ||
Range | 65–93 | 65–93 | 65–90 | ||
Age groups in years, N (%) | |||||
65–69 70–74 75–79 80 + | 86 (29.7) 78 (26.9) 88 (30.3) 38 (13.1) | 43 (32.6) 37 (28.0) 43 (32.6) 9 (6.8) | 43 (27.2) 41 (26.0) 45 (28.5) 29 (18.3) | ||
25.7% 29.0% 45.3% | 21.4% 25.4% 53.2% | ||||
(Last two groups combined) | |||||
Marital status, N (%) | |||||
Married/living with a partner Single Divorced/separated Widowed | 157 (54.1) 14 (4.8) 40 (13.8) 79 (27.2) | 95 (72.0) 7 (5.3) 13 (9.9) 17 (12.9) | 62 (39.2) 7 (4.4) 27 (17.1) 62 (39.2) | 73.3% 5.4% 9.4% 11.7% | 47.9% 4.2% 10.6% 37.4% |
Educational attainment, N (%) | |||||
Low Middle High | 179 (61.7) 56 (19.3) 55 (19.0) | 72 (54.6) 22 (16.7) 38 (28.8) | 107 (67.7) 34 (21.5) 17 (10.8) | 54.3% 19.9% 25.4% | 62.2% 25.0% 12.5% |
Region, N (%) | |||||
Berlin Leipzig Hamburg Bielefeld Munich Frankfurt | 35 (12.1) 76 (26.2) 47 (16.2) 45 (15.5) 56 (19.3) 31 (10.7) | 13 (9.9) 35 (26.5) 23 (17.4) 19 (14.4) 30 (22.7) 12 (9.1) | 22 (13.9) 41 (26.0) 24 (15.2) 26 (16.5) 26 (16.5) 19 (12.0) | ||
Area of residence, N (%) | |||||
Urban Rural | 198 (68.3) 92 (31.7) | 93 (66.4) 39 (29.6) | 105 (66.5) 53 (33.5) | 65.4% 34.6% | |
Life satisfaction, N (%) | |||||
0–3 4–6 7–10 | 4 (1.4) 36 (12.4) 250 (86.2) | 1 (0.8) 10 (7.6) 121 (91.7) | 3 (1.9) 26 (16.5) 129 (81.7) | ||
Experience with serious illness, N (%) | |||||
Yes No | 136 (47.0) 154 (53.0) | 71 (53.8) 61 (46.2) | 65 (41.1) 93 (58.9) | ||
Experience with serious illness in family, N (%) | |||||
Yes No | 185 (63.8) 105 (36.2) | 76 (57.6) 56 (42.4) | 109 (69.0) 49 (31.0) |
EQ-5D-5L dimensions
Parameter | Age | Total | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
65–69 | 70–74 | 75–79 | 80 + | |||||||
n | % | n | % | n | % | n | % | n | % | |
Total | ||||||||||
N | 86 | 78 | 88 | 38 | 290 | |||||
Mobility | ||||||||||
No problems | 58 | 67.4 | 39 | 50.0 | 32 | 36.4 | 10 | 26.3 | 139 | 47.9 |
Slight problems | 17 | 19.8 | 18 | 23.1 | 22 | 25.0 | 6 | 15.8 | 63 | 21.7 |
Moderate problems | 7 | 8.1 | 14 | 18.0 | 19 | 21.6 | 10 | 26.3 | 50 | 17.2 |
Severe problems | 4 | 4.7 | 7 | 9.0 | 15 | 17.1 | 12 | 31.6 | 38 | 13.1 |
Unable to | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0 |
Self-care | ||||||||||
No problems | 82 | 95.4 | 66 | 84.6 | 74 | 84.1 | 23 | 60.5 | 245 | 84.5 |
Slight problems | 2 | 2.3 | 9 | 11.5 | 8 | 9.1 | 4 | 10.5 | 23 | 7.9 |
Moderate problems | 2 | 2.3 | 2 | 2.6 | 4 | 4.6 | 5 | 13.2 | 13 | 4.5 |
Severe problems | 0 | 0.0 | 1 | 1.3 | 2 | 2.3 | 4 | 10.5 | 7 | 2.4 |
Unable to | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 2 | 5.3 | 2 | 0.7 |
Usual activities | ||||||||||
No problems | 66 | 76.7 | 54 | 69.2 | 52 | 59.1 | 16 | 42.1 | 188 | 64.8 |
Slight problems | 15 | 17.4 | 9 | 11.5 | 19 | 21.6 | 7 | 18.4 | 50 | 17.2 |
Moderate problems | 3 | 3.5 | 12 | 15.4 | 14 | 15.9 | 5 | 13.2 | 34 | 11.7 |
Severe problems | 2 | 2.3 | 2 | 2.6 | 2 | 2.3 | 7 | 18.4 | 13 | 4.5 |
Unable to | 0 | 0.0 | 1 | 1.3 | 1 | 1.1 | 3 | 7.9 | 5 | 1.7 |
Pain/discomfort | ||||||||||
No | 39 | 45.4 | 20 | 25.6 | 23 | 26.1 | 10 | 26.3 | 92 | 31.7 |
Slight | 35 | 40.7 | 31 | 39.7 | 33 | 37.5 | 13 | 34.2 | 112 | 38.6 |
Moderate | 10 | 11.6 | 20 | 25.6 | 23 | 26.1 | 8 | 21.1 | 61 | 21.0 |
Severe | 1 | 1.2 | 7 | 9.0 | 9 | 10.2 | 6 | 15.8 | 23 | 7.9 |
Extreme | 1 | 1.2 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 1 | 2.6 | 2 | 0.7 |
Anxiety/depression | ||||||||||
No | 68 | 79.1 | 60 | 76.9 | 63 | 71.6 | 19 | 50.0 | 210 | 72.4 |
Slight | 16 | 18.6 | 11 | 14.1 | 17 | 19.3 | 11 | 29.0 | 55 | 19.0 |
Moderate | 2 | 2.3 | 7 | 9.0 | 8 | 9.1 | 5 | 13.2 | 22 | 7.6 |
Severe | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 2 | 5.3 | 2 | 0.7 |
Extreme | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 1 | 2.6 | 1 | 0.3 |
Parameter | Age | Total | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
65–69 | 70–74 | 75–79 | 80 + | |||||||
n | % | n | % | n | % | n | % | n | % | |
Total | ||||||||||
N | 43 | 37 | 43 | 9 | 132 | |||||
Mobility | ||||||||||
No problems | 28 | 65.1 | 21 | 56.8 | 17 | 39.5 | 3 | 33.3 | 69 | 52.3 |
Slight problems | 10 | 23.3 | 6 | 16.2 | 9 | 20.9 | 1 | 11.1 | 26 | 19.7 |
Moderate problems | 3 | 7.0 | 7 | 18.9 | 9 | 20.9 | 3 | 33.3 | 22 | 16.7 |
Severe problems | 2 | 4.7 | 3 | 8.1 | 8 | 18.6 | 2 | 22.2 | 15 | 11.4 |
Unable to | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 |
Self-care | ||||||||||
No problems | 41 | 95.4 | 31 | 83.8 | 35 | 81.4 | 5 | 55.6 | 112 | 84.9 |
Slight problems | 1 | 2.3 | 5 | 13.5 | 4 | 9.3 | 2 | 22.2 | 12 | 9.1 |
Moderate problems | 1 | 2.3 | 0 | 0.0 | 2 | 4.7 | 2 | 22.2 | 5 | 3.8 |
Severe problems | 0 | 0.0 | 1 | 2.7 | 2 | 4.7 | 0 | 0.0 | 3 | 2.3 |
Unable to | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 |
Usual activities | ||||||||||
No problems | 34 | 79.1 | 27 | 73.0 | 25 | 58.1 | 5 | 55.6 | 91 | 68.9 |
Slight problems | 6 | 14.0 | 2 | 5.4 | 9 | 21.0 | 2 | 22.2 | 19 | 14.4 |
Moderate problems | 2 | 4.7 | 6 | 16.2 | 7 | 16.3 | 1 | 11.1 | 16 | 12.1 |
Severe problems | 1 | 2.3 | 1 | 2.7 | 1 | 2.3 | 1 | 11.1 | 4 | 3.0 |
Unable to | 0 | 0.0 | 1 | 2.7 | 1 | 2.3 | 0 | 0.0 | 2 | 1.5 |
Pain/discomfort | ||||||||||
No | 22 | 51.2 | 12 | 32.4 | 10 | 23.3 | 2 | 22.2 | 46 | 34.9 |
Slight | 18 | 41.9 | 12 | 32.4 | 17 | 39.5 | 6 | 66.7 | 53 | 40.2 |
Moderate | 3 | 7.0 | 9 | 24.3 | 11 | 25.6 | 1 | 11.1 | 24 | 18.2 |
Severe | 0 | 0.0 | 4 | 10.8 | 5 | 11.6 | 0 | 0.0 | 9 | 6.8 |
Extreme | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 |
Anxiety/depression | ||||||||||
No | 36 | 83.7 | 31 | 83.8 | 36 | 83.7 | 7 | 77.8 | 110 | 83.3 |
Slight | 6 | 14.0 | 5 | 13.5 | 5 | 11.6 | 2 | 22.2 | 18 | 13.6 |
Moderate | 1 | 2.3 | 1 | 2.7 | 2 | 4.7 | 0 | 0.0 | 4 | 3.0 |
Severe | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 |
Extreme | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 |
Parameter | Age | Total | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
65–69 | 70–74 | 75–79 | 80 + | |||||||
n | % | n | % | n | % | n | % | n | % | |
Total | ||||||||||
N | 43 | 41 | 45 | 29 | 158 | |||||
Mobility | ||||||||||
No problems | 30 | 69.8 | 18 | 43.9 | 15 | 33.3 | 7 | 24.1 | 70 | 44.3 |
Slight problems | 7 | 16.3 | 12 | 29.3 | 13 | 28.9 | 5 | 17.2 | 37 | 23.4 |
Moderate problems | 4 | 9.3 | 7 | 17.1 | 10 | 22.2 | 7 | 24.1 | 28 | 17.7 |
Severe problems | 2 | 4.7 | 4 | 9.8 | 7 | 15.6 | 10 | 34.5 | 23 | 14.6 |
Unable to | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 |
Self-care | ||||||||||
No problems | 41 | 95.4 | 35 | 85.4 | 39 | 86.7 | 18 | 62.1 | 133 | 84.2 |
Slight problems | 1 | 2.3 | 4 | 9.8 | 4 | 8.9 | 2 | 6.9 | 11 | 7.0 |
Moderate problems | 1 | 2.3 | 2 | 4.9 | 2 | 4.4 | 3 | 10.3 | 8 | 5.1 |
Severe problems | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 4 | 13.8 | 4 | 2.5 |
Unable to | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 2 | 6.9 | 2 | 1.3 |
Usual activities | ||||||||||
No problems | 32 | 74.4 | 27 | 65.9 | 27 | 60.0 | 11 | 37.9 | 97 | 61.4 |
Slight problems | 9 | 20.9 | 7 | 17.1 | 10 | 22.2 | 5 | 17.2 | 31 | 19.6 |
Moderate problems | 1 | 2.3 | 6 | 14.6 | 7 | 15.6 | 4 | 13.8 | 18 | 11.4 |
Severe problems | 1 | 2.3 | 1 | 2.4 | 1 | 2.2 | 6 | 20.7 | 9 | 5.7 |
Unable to | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 3 | 10.3 | 3 | 1.9 |
Pain/discomfort | ||||||||||
No | 17 | 39.5 | 8 | 19.5 | 13 | 28.9 | 8 | 27.6 | 46 | 29.1 |
Slight | 17 | 39.5 | 19 | 46.3 | 16 | 35.6 | 7 | 24.1 | 59 | 37.3 |
Moderate | 7 | 16.3 | 11 | 26.8 | 12 | 26.7 | 7 | 24.1 | 37 | 23.4 |
Severe | 1 | 2.3 | 3 | 7.3 | 4 | 8.9 | 6 | 20.7 | 14 | 8.9 |
Extreme | 1 | 2.3 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 1 | 3.5 | 2 | 1.3 |
Anxiety/depression | ||||||||||
No | 32 | 74.4 | 29 | 70.7 | 27 | 60.0 | 12 | 41.4 | 100 | 63.3 |
Slight | 10 | 23.3 | 6 | 14.6 | 12 | 26.7 | 9 | 31.0 | 37 | 23.4 |
Moderate | 1 | 2.3 | 6 | 14.6 | 6 | 13.3 | 5 | 17.2 | 18 | 11.4 |
Severe | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 2 | 6.9 | 2 | 1.3 |
Extreme | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 1 | 3.5 | 1 | 0.6 |
EQ-5D-5L index population norms
EQ-5D-5L index value | Age | Total | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
65–69 | 70–74 | 75–79 | 80 + | ||
Total | |||||
N | 86 | 78 | 88 | 38 | 290 |
Mean | 0.92 | 0.85 | 0.82 | 0.68 | 0.84 |
Standard deviation | 0.13 | 0.19 | 0.19 | 0.35 | 0.22 |
95% CI–lower bound | 0.888 | 0.807 | 0.785 | 0.566 | 0.814 |
95% CI–upper bound | 0.945 | 0.890 | 0.864 | 0.793 | 0.864 |
Men | |||||
N | 43 | 37 | 43 | 9 | 132 |
Mean | 0.93 | 0.85 | 0.82 | 0.84 | 0.87 |
Standard deviation | 0.08 | 0.21 | 0.21 | 0.13 | 0.18 |
95% CI–lower bound | 0.910 | 0.781 | 0.752 | 0.757 | 0.835 |
95% CI–upper bound | 0.958 | 0.921 | 0.881 | 0.931 | 0.898 |
Women | |||||
N | 43 | 41 | 45 | 29 | 158 |
Mean | 0.90 | 0.85 | 0.83 | 0.63 | 0.82 |
Standard deviation | 0.17 | 0.16 | 0.17 | 0.39 | 0.24 |
95% CI–lower bound | 0.847 | 0.796 | 0.783 | 0.486 | 0.779 |
95% CI–upper bound | 0.950 | 0.896 | 0.881 | 0.770 | 0.854 |
EQ-VAS population norms
EQ-5D-5L VAS value | Age | Total | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
65–69 | 70–74 | 75–79 | 80 + | ||
Total | |||||
N | 86 | 78 | 88 | 38 | 290 |
Mean | 82.6 | 74.3 | 68.0 | 61.9 | 73.2 |
Standard deviation | 12.6 | 17.3 | 19.1 | 20.5 | 18.5 |
95% CI–lower bound | 80.0 | 70.4 | 64.0 | 55.4 | 71.1 |
95% CI–upper bound | 85.3 | 78.1 | 72.0 | 68.5 | 75.4 |
Men | |||||
N | 43 | 37 | 43 | 9 | 132 |
Mean | 83.4 | 73.2 | 68.0 | 65.8 | 74.3 |
Standard deviation | 10.1 | 18.3 | 21.6 | 22.4 | 18.7 |
95% CI–lower bound | 80.3 | 67.2 | 61.4 | 51.0 | 71.1 |
95% CI–upper bound | 86.4 | 79.2 | 74.5 | 80.5 | 77.5 |
Women | |||||
N | 43 | 41 | 45 | 29 | 158 |
Mean | 81.9 | 75.2 | 68.0 | 60.8 | 72.3 |
Standard deviation | 14.7 | 16.5 | 16.7 | 20.2 | 18.3 |
95% CI–lower bound | 77.5 | 70.1 | 65.1 | 53.3 | 69.5 |
95% CI–upper bound | 86.3 | 80.3 | 73.0 | 68.2 | 75.2 |