Background
Methods
Methods
Ascertainment of flavonoid intake
Compounds | Median intake (mg/day) | Sources (%) | |
---|---|---|---|
Total flavonoids | 251.0 | Fruits (38) Red wine (25) Vegetables (5) Tea (5) | |
Proanthocyanids | Dimers, Trimers, 4-6mers, 7-10mers, polymers of flavon-3-ols or flavanols | 96.1 | Fruits (50) Red wine (23) Legumes (6) |
Flavan-3-ols | (−)-Epicatechin (−)-Epicatechin 3-gallate (−)-Epigallocatechin (−)-Epigallocatechin 3-gallate (+)-Catechin (+)-Gallocatechin Theaflavin Theaflavin-3, 3′-digallate Theaflavin-3′-gallate Theaflavin-3-gallate Thearubigins | 50.4 | Fruits (26) Tea (21) Red wine (19) |
Anthocyanidins | Cyanidin Delphinidin Malvidin Pelargonidin Peonidin Petunidin | 32.9 | Red wine (53) Vegetables (17) Fruits (11) |
Flavanones | Eriodictyol Hesperetin Naringenin | 24.2 | Fruits (71) Red wine (12) |
Flavonols | Isorhamnetin Kaempferol Myricetin Quercetin | 14.4 | Vegetables (34) Red wine (14) Fruits (13) |
Flavones | Apigenin Luteolin | 1.2 | Vegetables (51) Red wine (18) Fruits (8) |
Isoflavones | Daidzein Genistein Glycitein | 0.7 | Legumes (90) |
Definitions
Statistical analyses
Results
First tertile | Second tertile | Third tertile | P | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Number | 552 | 551 | 555 | ||||
Median intake (mg/day) | 89.0 | 251.4 | 532.3 | ||||
Current smoking (%) | 28.4 | 25.7 | 17.5 | <0.001 | |||
Males (%) | 47.1 | 46.8 | 47.2 | 0.99 | |||
Living in a rural area (%) | 36.8 | 36.8 | 47.4 | <0.001 | |||
Alcohol | |||||||
Alcohol abstainers (%) | 54.9 | 41.0 | 35.7 | ||||
Moderate alcohol drinking (%) | 31.5 | 41.4 | 38.6 | ||||
Heavy alcohol drinking (%) | 13.6 | 17.6 | 25.8 | <0.001 | |||
Education | |||||||
Primary school (%) | 78.6 | 69.9 | 75.3 | ||||
Secondary school (%) | 14.5 | 21.8 | 17.5 | ||||
University (%) | 6.9 | 8.4 | 7.2 | 0.02 | |||
History of hypertension (%) | 56.5 | 47.0 | 50.5 | 0.006 | |||
History of diabetes mellitus (%) | 8.5 | 4.0 | 4.5 | 0.002 | |||
History of CV disease (%) | 6.5 | 5.3 | 5.1 | 0.52 | |||
Estrogen use (%) | 4.2 | 5.1 | 5.1 | 0.72 | |||
Supplements use (%) | 3.3 | 3.3 | 3.4 | 0.98 | |||
Statin use (%) | 3.8 | 3.8 | 4.7 | 0.70 | |||
Aspirin use (%) | 6.0 | 6.0 | 4.1 | 0.29 |
Mean | SD | Mean | SD | Mean | SD | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
METS (h/week) | 20.5 | 9.4 | 21.7 | 9.5 | 21.9 | 9.6 | 0.04 |
Age (years) | 54.8 | 5.8 | 54.3 | 5.5 | 54.6 | 5.5 | 0.37 |
BMI (kg/m2) | 27.2 | 5.3 | 26.3 | 4.3 | 26.3 | 4.3 | <0.001 |
Waist circumference (cm) | 92.9 | 13.0 | 90.2 | 12.4 | 90.9 | 13.4 | 0.002 |
Total caloric intake (kcal/day) | 1,917.0 | 722.7 | 2,142.7 | 583.2 | 2,149.3 | 667.1 | <0.001 |
CHO intake (% total kcal) | 47.6 | 7.6 | 48.4 | 6.8 | 49.5 | 6.8 | <0.001 |
Total fat intake (kcal/day) | 35.6 | 6.1 | 35.2 | 5.9 | 34.7 | 5.7 | 0.03 |
Saturated fat (% total kcal) | 12.3 | 3.4 | 12.1 | 2.8 | 11.6 | 3.0 | 0.001 |
Polyunsaturated fat (% total kcal) | 4.3 | 1.3 | 4.3 | 1.6 | 4.3 | 1.4 | 0.95 |
Fiber intake (g/day) | 16.5 | 7.3 | 22.4 | 8.3 | 23.3 | 10.2 | <0.001 |
Beta-carotene (µg/day) | 2,768.7 | 1,658.9 | 3,571.5 | 1,840.2 | 3,914.8 | 2,292.4 | <0.001 |
Vitamin C (mg/day) | 134.9 | 44.5 | 142.4 | 55.0 | 142.8 | 49.4 | 0.01 |
Vitamin E (mg/day) | 8.1 | 3.0 | 8.1 | 2.3 | 8.2 | 2.6 | 0.62 |
Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 135.4 | 16.6 | 132.3 | 15.0 | 133.3 | 16.0 | 0.007 |
Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 84.3 | 9.1 | 82.6 | 9.2 | 82.9 | 9.6 | 0.005 |
Fasting glucose (mg/dl) | 109.0 | 38.7 | 102.2 | 24.3 | 103.5 | 26.6 | <0.001 |
Fasting insulin | 9.3 | 6.1 | 8.3 | 3.9 | 8.2 | 4.4 | <0.001* |
Total cholesterol | 217.9 | 39.5 | 215.2 | 40.0 | 217.7 | 42.2 | 0.46 |
HDL cholesterol | 57.9 | 12.5 | 60.9 | 13.1 | 62.4 | 14.1 | <0.001 |
Triglycerides | 149.1 | 82.9 | 131.7 | 99.9 | 137.0 | 92.4 | <0.001* |
CRP (mg/l) | 3.3 | 7.0 | 2.4 | 4.7 | 2.3 | 5.2 | <0.001* |
Uric acid | 3.4 | 1.0 | 3.3 | 1.1 | 3.3 | 1.0 | 0.14 |
CV risk score | 12.6 | 8.3 | 10.6 | 6.8 | 10.5 | 7.1 | <0.001 |
First tertile | Second tertile | Third tertile | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Total flavonoids | Mean | SD | Mean | SD | Mean | SD | P | |
2014 CV risk score | 28.8 | 15.4 | 25.3 | 12.6 | 23.8 | 10.7 | <0.001 | |
Β
|
β
|
95% CI
|
P
|
Β
|
95% CI
|
P
| ||
Model 1 | Reference | −2.58 | −4.07 −1.09 | <0.001 | −4.36 | −5.85 −2.87 | <0.001 | |
Model 2 | Reference | −1.27 | −2.76 0.22 | 0.10 | −2.69 | −4.22 −1.16 | <0.001 |
Mean | SD | Mean | SD | Mean | SD | P | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Changes in CV risk score | 16.2 | 10.1 | 14.7 | 8.1 | 13.4 | 7.4 | <0.001 | |
Β
|
β
|
95% CI
|
P
|
Β
|
95% CI
|
P
| ||
Model 1 | Reference | −0.98 | −1.96 0.00 | 0.05 | −2.64 | −3.62 −1.66 | <0.001 | |
Model 2 | Reference | −0.46 | −1.50 0.58 | 0.38 | −1.92 | −2.98 −0.86 | <0.001 |
Proanthocyanids | Mean | SD | Mean | SD | Mean | SD | P | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2014 CV risk score | 28.8 | 15.4 | 25.3 | 12.6 | 23.8 | 10.7 | <0.001 | |
Β
|
β
|
95% CI
|
P
|
Β
|
95% CI
|
P
| ||
Model 1 | Reference | −2.39 | −3.88 −0.90 | 0.002 | −4.29 | −5.78 −2.80 | <0.001 | |
Model 2 | Reference | −1.07 | −2.56 0.42 | 0.16 | −2.60 | −4.13 −1.07 | <0.001 |
Mean | SD | Mean | SD | Mean | SD | P | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Changes in CV risk score | 16.1 | 10.2 | 14.7 | 8.0 | 13.3 | 7.4 | <0.001 | |
Β
|
β
|
95% CI
|
P
|
Β
|
95% CI
|
P
| ||
Model 1 | Reference | −0.96 | −1.94 0.02 | 0.06 | −2.65 | −3.65 −1.65 | <0.001 | |
Model 2 | Reference | −0.43 | −1.47 0.61 | 0.41 | −1.93 | −2.99 −0.87 | <0.001 |
Flavan-3-ols | Mean | SD | Mean | SD | Mean | SD | P | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2014 CV risk score | 28.1 | 15.1 | 25.6 | 12.7 | 24.2 | 11.3 | <0.001 | |
Β
|
β
|
95% CI
|
P
|
Β
|
95% CI
|
P
| ||
Model 1 | Reference | −1.80 | −3.29 −0.31 | 0.02 | −3.20 | −4.69 −1.71 | <0.001 | |
Model 2 | Reference | −0.70 | −2.17 0.77 | 0.35 | −1.92 | −3.41 −0.43 | 0.01 |
Mean | SD | Mean | SD | Mean | SD | P | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Changes in CV risk score | 15.8 | 9.8 | 14.9 | 8.4 | 13.6 | 7.5 | <0.001 | |
Β
|
β
|
95% CI
|
P
|
Β
|
95% CI
|
P
| ||
Model 1 | Reference | −0.58 | −1.58 0.42 | 0.25 | −1.94 | −2.94 −0.94 | <0.001 | |
Model 2 | Reference | −0.07 | −1.09 0.95 | 0.89 | −1.39 | −2.41 −0.37 | 0.007 |
Anthocyanidins | Mean | SD | Mean | SD | Mean | SD | P | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2014 CV risk score | 27.9 | 14.7 | 25.5 | 12.6 | 24.5 | 12.0 | <0.001 | |
Β
|
β
|
95% CI
|
P
|
Β
|
95% CI
|
P
| ||
Model 1 | Reference | −1.60 | −3.09 −0.11 | 0.04 | −2.73 | −4.22 −1.24 | <0.001 | |
Model 2 | Reference | −0.81 | −2.26 0.64 | 0.28 | −1.05 | −2.11 0.00 | 0.05 |
Mean | SD | Mean | SD | Mean | SD | P | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Changes in CV risk score | 15.7 | 9.4 | 14.7 | 8.5 | 13.8 | 8.0 | 0.001 | |
Β
|
β
|
95% CI
|
P
|
Β
|
95% CI
|
P
| ||
Model 1 | Reference | −0.68 | −1.68 0.32 | 0.18 | −1.65 | −2.65 −0.65 | 0.001 | |
Model 2 | Reference | −0.27 | −1.29 0.75 | 0.60 | −0.90 | −1.74 −0.06 | 0.03 |
Flavanones | Mean | SD | Mean | SD | Mean | SD | P | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2014 CV risk score | 28.2 | 14.8 | 25.8 | 12.5 | 23.9 | 11.9 | <0.001 | |
Β
|
Β
|
95% CI
|
P
|
Β
|
95% CI
|
P
| ||
Model 1 | Reference | −2.38 | −3.87 −0.89 | 0.002 | −3.90 | −5.39 −2.41 | <0.001 | |
Model 2 | Reference | −1.90 | −3.35 −0.45 | 0.01 | −2.70 | −4.19 −1.21 | <0.001 |
Mean | SD | Mean | SD | Mean | SD | P | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Changes in CV risk score | 15.8 | 9.3 | 14.7 | 8.9 | 13.7 | 7.7 | <0.001 | |
Β
|
Β
|
95% CI
|
P
|
Β
|
95% CI
|
P
| ||
Model 1 | Reference | −1.13 | −2.11 −0.15 | 0.02 | −1.97 | −2.95 −0.99 | <0.001 | |
Model 2 | Reference | −0.98 | −1.98 0.02 | 0.06 | −1.51 | −2.55 −0.47 | 0.004 |
Flavonols | Mean | SD | Mean | SD | Mean | SD | P | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2014 CV risk score | 27.5 | 15.0 | 25.2 | 12.2 | 25.2 | 12.1 | 0.004 | |
Β
|
Β
|
95% CI
|
P
|
Β
|
95% CI
|
P
| ||
Model 1 | Reference | −2.10 | −3.59 −0.61 | 0.006 | −2.33 | −3.82 −0.84 | 0.002 | |
Model 2 | Reference | −1.13 | −2.60 0.34 | 0.13 | −1.21 | −2.40 −0.02 | 0.04 |
Mean | SD | Mean | SD | Mean | SD | P | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Changes in CV risk score | 15.4 | 9.5 | 14.5 | 7.9 | 14.3 | 8.6 | <0.001 | |
Β
|
Β
|
95% CI
|
P
|
Β
|
95% CI
|
P
| ||
Model 1 | Reference | −0.84 | −1.82 0.14 | 0.10 | −1.29 | −2.29 −0.29 | 0.01 | |
Model 2 | Reference | −0.44 | −1.46 0.58 | 0.39 | −0.72 | −1.78 0.34 | 0.18 |
Flavones | Mean | SD | Mean | SD | Mean | SD | P | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2014 CV risk score | 28.2 | 15.2 | 25.4 | 12.3 | 24.3 | 11.6 | <0.001 | |
Β
|
Β
|
95% CI
|
P
|
Β
|
95% CI
|
P
| ||
Model 1 | Reference | −2.59 | −4.08 −1.10 | <0.001 | −3.43 | −4.92 −1.94 | <0.001 | |
Model 2 | Reference | −1.74 | −3.21 −0.27 | 0.02 | −2.12 | −3.65 −0.59 | 0.007 |
Mean | SD | Mean | SD | Mean | SD | P | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Changes in CV risk score | 15.8 | 10.1 | 14.5 | 8.3 | 13.9 | 7.3 | 0.001 | |
Β
|
Β
|
95% CI
|
P
|
Β
|
95% CI
|
P
| ||
Model 1 | Reference | −1.37 | −2.37 −0.37 | 0.007 | −1.75 | −2.75 −0.75 | <0.001 | |
Model 2 | Reference | −1.02 | −2.02 −0.02 | 0.04 | −1.28 | −2.32 −0.24 | 0.02 |
Isoflavones | Mean | SD | Mean | SD | Mean | SD | P | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2014 CV risk score | 26.5 | 13.2 | 27.1 | 14.1 | 24.4 | 12.2 | 0.002 | |
Β
|
Β
|
95% CI
|
P
|
Β
|
95% CI
|
P
| ||
Model 1 | Reference | 0.72 | −0.77 2.21 | 0.34 | −1.54 | −3.03 −0.05 | 0.04 | |
Model 2 | Reference | 0.97 | −0.46 2.40 | 0.19 | −0.35 | −1.82 1.12 | 0.64 |
Mean | SD | Mean | SD | Mean | SD | P | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Changes in CV risk score | 14.8 | 8.4 | 15.4 | 9.6 | 14.1 | 7.9 | 0.03 | |
Β
|
Β
|
95% CI
|
P
|
Β
|
95% CI
|
P
| ||
Model 1 | Reference | 0.74 | −0.25 1.73 | 0.15 | −0.45 | −1.45 0.55 | 0.38 | |
Model 2 | Reference | 0.96 | −0.06 1.98 | 0.06 | 0.03 | −0.99 1.05 | 0.96 |
First tertile | Second tertile | Third tertile | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Total flavonoids
| |||||||
Incident CV events | 54 | 40 | 31 | ||||
HR
|
HR
|
95% CI
|
P
|
HR
|
95% CI
|
P
| |
Model 1 | 1 | 0.65 | 0.42–0.99 | 0.05 | 0.45 | 0.28–0.73 | 0.001 |
Model 2 | 1 | 0.64 | 0.42–1.00 | 0.05 | 0.46 | 0.28–0.75 | 0.002 |
CV mortality | 34 | 26 | 24 | ||||
HR
|
HR
|
95% CI
|
P
|
HR
|
95% CI
|
P
| |
Model 1 | 1 | 0.97 | 0.56–1.67 | 0.90 | 0.81 | 0.45–1.44 | 0.47 |
Model 2 | 1 | 0.95 | 0.54–1.66 | 0.85 | 0.83 | 0.46–1.51 | 0.55 |
All-cause mortality | 89 | 69 | 62 | ||||
HR
|
HR
|
95% CI
|
P
|
HR
|
95% CI
|
P
| |
Model 1 | 1 | 0.86 | 0.62–1.21 | 0.38 | 0.73 | 0.51–1.04 | 0.08 |
Model 2 | 1 | 0.90 | 0.65–1.26 | 0.52 | 0.78 | 0.55–1.13 | 0.19 |
Proanthocyanids
| |||||||
Incident CV events | 57 | 37 | 31 | ||||
HR
|
HR
|
95% CI
|
P
|
HR
|
95% CI
|
P
| |
Model 1 | 1 | 0.56 | 0.36–0.86 | 0.01 | 0.42 | 0.26–0.68 | <0.001 |
Model 2 | 1 | 0.56 | 0.36–0.87 | 0.009 | 0.43 | 0.27–0.70 | 0.001 |
CV mortality | 34 | 27 | 23 | ||||
HR
|
HR
|
95% CI
|
P
|
HR
|
95% CI
|
P
| |
Model 1 | 1 | 0.99 | 0.58–1.70 | 0.97 | 0.77 | 0.43–1.39 | 0.39 |
Model 2 | 1 | 0.98 | 0.56–1.69 | 0.93 | 0.80 | 0.44–1.46 | 0.46 |
All-cause mortality | 90 | 70 | 60 | ||||
HR
|
HR
|
95% CI
|
P
|
HR
|
95% CI
|
P
| |
Model 1 | 1 | 0.85 | 0.61–1.19 | 0.35 | 0.69 | 0.48–0.99 | 0.05 |
Model 2 | 1 | 0.88 | 0.63–1.24 | 0.46 | 0.75 | 0.52–1.08 | 0.12 |
Flavan-3-ols
| |||||||
Incident CV events | 57 | 42 | 26 | ||||
HR
|
HR
|
95% CI
|
P
|
HR
|
95% CI
|
P
| |
Model 1 | 1 | 0.69 | 0.46–1.05 | 0.08 | 0.40 | 0.25–0.65 | <0.001 |
Model 2 | 1 | 0.71 | 0.47–1.08 | 0.11 | 0.42 | 0.26–0.68 | <0.001 |
CV mortality | 37 | 23 | 24 | ||||
HR
|
HR
|
95% CI
|
P
|
HR
|
95% CI
|
P
| |
Model 1 | 1 | 0.75 | 0.44–1.29 | 0.30 | 0.70 | 0.40–1.20 | 0.19 |
Model 2 | 1 | 0.79 | 0.46–1.37 | 0.40 | 0.72 | 0.41–1.26 | 0.25 |
All-cause mortality | 92 | 71 | 57 | ||||
HR
|
HR
|
95% CI
|
P
|
HR
|
95% CI
|
P
| |
Model 1 | 1 | 0.84 | 0.61–1.15 | 0.27 | 0.63 | 0.44–0.89 | 0.009 |
Model 2 | 1 | 0.86 | 0.62–1.19 | 0.36 | 0.68 | 0.48–0.96 | 0.03 |
Anthocyanidins
| |||||||
Incident CV events | 53 | 35 | 37 | ||||
HR
|
HR
|
95% CI
|
P
|
HR
|
95% CI
|
P
| |
Model 1 | 1 | 0.59 | 0.38–0.92 | 0.02 | 0.58 | 0.37–0.92 | 0.02 |
Model 2 | 1 | 0.58 | 0.37–0.91 | 0.02 | 0.56 | 0.36–0.89 | 0.02 |
CV mortality | 40 | 20 | 24 | ||||
HR
|
HR
|
95% CI
|
P
|
HR
|
95% CI
|
P
| |
Model 1 | 1 | 0.58 | 0.33–1.01 | 0.05 | 0.65 | 0.37–1.15 | 0.14 |
Model 2 | 1 | 0.56 | 0.32–0.98 | 0.04 | 0.67 | 0.38–1.18 | 0.16 |
All-cause mortality | 95 | 62 | 63 | ||||
HR
|
HR
|
95% CI
|
P
|
HR
|
95% CI
|
P
| |
Model 1 | 1 | 0.69 | 0.50–0.96 | 0.03 | 0.66 | 0.47–0.94 | 0.02 |
Model 2 | 1 | 0.66 | 0.47–0.94 | 0.02 | 0.66 | 0.46–0.95 | 0.02 |
Flavanones
| |||||||
Incident CV events | 54 | 42 | 29 | ||||
HR
|
HR
|
95% CI
|
P
|
HR
|
95% CI
|
P
| |
Model 1 | 1 | 0.71 | 0.47–1.07 | 0.11 | 0.45 | 0.28–0.73 | 0.001 |
Model 2 | 1 | 0.73 | 0.48–1.10 | 0.13 | 0.48 | 0.29–0.77 | 0.003 |
CV mortality | 39 | 24 | 21 | ||||
HR
|
HR
|
95% CI
|
P
|
HR
|
95% CI
|
P
| |
Model 1 | 1 | 0.67 | 0.40–1.13 | 0.14 | 0.56 | 0.32–0.99 | 0.05 |
Model 2 | 1 | 0.71 | 0.42–1.20 | 0.20 | 0.66 | 0.37–1.17 | 0.15 |
All-cause mortality | 91 | 80 | 49 | ||||
HR
|
HR
|
95% CI
|
P
|
HR
|
95% CI
|
P
| |
Model 1 | 1 | 0.91 | 0.67–1.24 | 0.54 | 0.54 | 0.37–0.78 | 0.001 |
Model 2 | 1 | 0.94 | 0.68–1.29 | 0.69 | 0.59 | 0.40–0.85 | 0.005 |
Flavonols
| |||||||
Incident CV events | 56 | 31 | 38 | ||||
HR
|
HR
|
95% CI
|
P
|
HR
|
95% CI
|
P
| |
Model 1 | 1 | 0.49 | 0.31–0.76 | 0.002 | 0.53 | 0.34–0.83 | 0.006 |
Model 2 | 1 | 0.51 | 0.32–0.80 | 0.003 | 0.53 | 0.34–0.83 | 0.005 |
CV mortality | 36 | 22 | 26 | ||||
HR
|
HR
|
95% CI
|
P
|
HR
|
95% CI
|
P
| |
Model 1 | 1 | 0.63 | 0.36–1.09 | 0.10 | 0.68 | 0.39–1.19 | 0.18 |
Model 2 | 1 | 0.69 | 0.40–1.20 | 0.19 | 0.72 | 0.41–1.27 | 0.26 |
All-cause mortality | 91 | 64 | 65 | ||||
HR
|
HR
|
95% CI
|
P
|
HR
|
95% CI
|
P
| |
Model 1 | 1 | 0.72 | 0.51–1.00 | 0.05 | 0.70 | 0.50–0.99 | 0.05 |
Model 2 | 1 | 0.78 | 0.55–1.08 | 0.14 | 0.72 | 0.51–1.02 | 0.06 |
Flavones
| |||||||
Incident CV events | 42 | 51 | 32 | ||||
HR
|
HR
|
95% CI
|
P
|
HR
|
95% CI
|
P
| |
Model 1 | 1 | 1.13 | 0.74–1.72 | 0.56 | 0.68 | 0.41–1.10 | 0.11 |
Model 2 | 1 | 1.14 | 0.75–1.75 | 0.54 | 0.66 | 0.40–1.09 | 0.10 |
CV mortality | 30 | 31 | 23 | ||||
HR
|
HR
|
95% CI
|
P
|
HR
|
95% CI
|
P
| |
Model 1 | 1 | 1.08 | 0.64–1.82 | 0.77 | 0.87 | 0.48–1.56 | 0.63 |
Model 2 | 1 | 1.10 | 0.65–1.87 | 0.72 | 0.83 | 0.45–1.52 | 0.55 |
All-cause mortality | 88 | 71 | 61 | ||||
HR
|
HR
|
95% CI
|
P
|
HR
|
95% CI
|
P
| |
Model 1 | 1 | 0.79 | 0.57–1.09 | 0.16 | 0.71 | 0.50–1.01 | 0.06 |
Model 2 | 1 | 0.83 | 0.60–1.16 | 0.28 | 0.73 | 0.51–1.05 | 0.09 |
Isoflavones
| |||||||
Incident CV events | 48 | 38 | 39 | ||||
HR
|
HR
|
95% CI
|
P
|
HR
|
95% CI
|
P
| |
Model 1 | 1 | 0.78 | 0.51–1.20 | 0.26 | 0.77 | 0.49–1.19 | 0.23 |
Model 2 | 1 | 0.81 | 0.53–1.25 | 0.35 | 0.77 | 0.49–1.21 | 0.26 |
CV mortality | 30 | 34 | 20 | ||||
HR
|
HR
|
95% CI
|
P
|
HR
|
95% CI
|
P
| |
Model 1 | 1 | 1.23 | 0.74–2.03 | 0.42 | 0.78 | 0.44–1.41 | 0.42 |
Model 2 | 1 | 1.21 | 0.73–2.02 | 0.48 | 0.74 | 0.41–1.36 | 0.34 |
All-cause mortality | 95 | 63 | 62 | ||||
HR
|
HR
|
95% CI
|
P
|
HR
|
95% CI
|
P
| |
Model 1 | 1 | 0.68 | 0.49–0.94 | 0.02 | 0.70 | 0.50–0.98 | 0.04 |
Model 2 | 1 | 1.45 | 1.05–2.00 | 0.03 | 1.39 | 1.00–1.95 | 0.05 |