Background
Methods
Data preprocessing
Development of the prognostic gene signature
Evaluation of the immune-related prognostic signature
Functional annotation and enrichment analysis
Statistical analysis
Results
Identification of 21 immune-related prognostic genes in the training set
Development of the 21-gene based immune-related prognostic signature
External validation of the 21-gene prognostic signature
The 21-gene prognostic signature is an independent prognostic factor
Variables | Patients (N) | Univariate analysis | Multivariate analysis | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
HR | 95% CI | p value | HR | 95% CI | p value | |||
GSE30219 | ||||||||
Age | > 65/ ≤ 65 | 23/59 | 1.765 | 0.946–3.295 | 7.42E−02 | 2.36 | 1.179–4.724 | 1.53E−02 |
Gender | Male/female | 64/18 | 1.148 | 0.532–2.478 | 7.24E−01 | |||
T stage | T2/T1 | 12/69 | 2.046 | 1.019–4.107 | 4.40E−02 | 0.982 | 0.352–1.94 | 9.63E−01 |
Risk score | High/low | 34/48 | 4.308 | 2.287–8.114 | 6.16E−06 | 5.012 | 2.498–10.058 | 5.75E−06 |
GSE31210 | ||||||||
Age | > 65/ ≤ 65 | 47/157 | 2.779 | 1.349–5.724 | 5.59E−03 | 3.172 | 1.445–6.964 | 4.01E−03 |
Gender | Male/female | 95/109 | 1.686 | 0.818–3.476 | 1.57E−01 | 1.033 | 0.347–3.078 | 9.54E−01 |
Stage | II/I | 42/462 | 4.297 | 2.092–8.828 | 7.21E−05 | 2.444 | 1.152–5.186 | 1.99E−02 |
Smoking | Yes/no | 99/105 | 1.908 | 0.918–3.966 | 8.35E−02 | 1.726 | 0.565–5.271 | 3.38E−01 |
ALK fusion | ± | 7/197 | 1.057 | 0.144–7.777 | 9.56E−01 | |||
EGFR mutation | ± | 116/88 | 0.46 | 0.222–0.956 | 3.76E−02 | 1.658 | 0.512–5.375 | 3.99E−01 |
KRAS mutation | ± | 19/185 | 0.992 | 0.3–3.282 | 9.89E−01 | |||
Triple negative | Yes/no | 62/142 | 0.436 | 0.212–0.894 | 2.34E−02 | 0.543 | 0.174–1.698 | 2.94E−01 |
MYC copy | High/low | 16/187 | 0.767 | 0.183–3.22 | 0.716942752 | |||
Risk score | High/low | 81/123 | 11.914 | 4.151–34.193 | 4.10E−06 | 8.817 | 2.864–27.14 | 1.48E−04 |
GSE50081 | ||||||||
Age | > 65/ ≤ 65 | 87/40 | 1.455 | 0.774–2.735 | 2.44E−01 | |||
Gender | Male/female | 65/62 | 1.41 | 0.807–2.463 | 2.28E−01 | |||
Stage | II/I | 35/92 | 2.443 | 1.383–4.316 | 2.10E−03 | 1.905 | 1.068–3.399 | 2.90E−02 |
T stage | T2/T1 | 82/30 | 2.435 | 1.214–4.883 | 1.22E−02 | 1.625 | 0.785–3.365 | 1.91E−01 |
Smoking | Yes/no | 92/23 | 1.682 | 0.75–3.776 | 2.07E−01 | |||
Risk score | High/low | 72/55 | 3.632 | 1.897–6.953 | 9.95E−05 | 2.736 | 1.373–5.455 | 4.24E−03 |
Combined data set | ||||||||
Age | > 65/ ≤ 65 | 157/256 | 2.314 | 1.621–3.304 | 3.82E−06 | 2.414 | 1.686–3.456 | 1.49E−06 |
Gender | Male/female | 224/189 | 1.574 | 1.081–2.291 | 1.80E−02 | 1.582 | 1.084–2.307 | 1.73E−02 |
Stage | II/I | 90/323 | 2.79 | 1.934–4.026 | 4.08E−08 | 2.065 | 1.42–3.004 | 1.49E−04 |
Risk score | High/low | 270/143 | 3.153 | 1.981–5.016 | 1.26E−06 | 3.005 | 1.863–4.846 | 6.44E−06 |
Variables | Patients (N) | Univariate analysis | Multivariate analysis | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
HR | 95% CI | p value | HR | 95% CI | p value | |||
GSE72094 | ||||||||
Age | > 65/ ≤ 65 | 219/92 | 1.638 | 0.952–2.817 | 7.47E−02 | 1.807 | 1.042–3.135 | 3.52E−02 |
Gender | Male/female | 141/170 | 1.449 | 0.917–2.289 | 1.12E−01 | 1.386 | 0.871–2.207 | 1.69E−01 |
Stage | II/I | 65/246 | 2.137 | 1.313–3.479 | 2.24E−03 | 2.258 | 1.38–3.695 | 1.20E−03 |
Smoking | Yes/no | 237/26 | 1.334 | 0.482–3.696 | 5.79E−01 | |||
EGFR mutation | Yes/no | 35/276 | 0.092 | 0.013–0.659 | 1.76E−02 | 0.137 | 0.019–1.004 | 5.05E−02 |
KRAS mutation | Yes/no | 105/206 | 1.701 | 1.075–2.691 | 2.33E−02 | 1.554 | 0.976–2.475 | 6.33E−02 |
TP53 mutation | Yes/no | 77/234 | 1.461 | 0.893–2.392 | 1.31E−01 | 1.154 | 0.69–1.932 | 5.86E−01 |
STK11 mutation | Yes/no | 48/263 | 0.799 | 0.41–1.559 | 5.11E−01 | |||
Risk score | High/low | 89/222 | 2.952 | 1.857–4.695 | 4.79E−06 | 2.942 | 1.806–4.793 | 1.47E−05 |
TCGA-LUAD | ||||||||
Age | > 65/ ≤ 65 | 190/168 | 1.308 | 0.897–1.907 | 1.62E−01 | 1.513 | 1.018–2.249 | 4.05E−02 |
Gender | Male/female | 168/199 | 1.069 | 0.739–1.546 | 7.25E−01 | |||
Stage | II/I | 113/254 | 2.607 | 1.795–3.785 | 4.84E−07 | 2.186 | 1.444–3.309 | 2.19E−04 |
T stage | T2/T1 | 201/141 | 1.423 | 0.942–2.147 | 9.35E−02 | 1.131 | 0.775–1.813 | 4.34E−01 |
Smoking | Yes/no | 273/49 | 0.923 | 0.54–1.579 | 7.70E−01 | |||
Risk score | High/low | 141/226 | 2.16 | 1.492–3.128 | 4.54E−05 | 1.909 | 1.279–2.849 | 1.55E−03 |